A Multidimensional Method for Pilot Workload Assessment and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 932-939
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yanyu Lu ◽  
Shan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Approach Phase ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis

INTRODUCTION: Pilot workload assessment plays an important role on flight safety evaluation, interface design, and airworthiness certification. The design of an effective and reliable workload assessment method is a difficult problem in the human factors field.METHOD: This study proposed to assess pilot workload from four dimensions: cognitive activity, control activity, stress, and flight performance. A set of physiological, behavioral, and flight parameters were recorded and combined hierarchically to achieve overall workload assessment. A simulated flight experiment consisting of three flight phases (standard instrument departure, autopilot cruise, and nonprecision approach) was conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed workload assessment method.RESULT: Experimental results determined the changes of each objective measure. The overall workload index could significantly distinguish the difference in workload caused by changing task difficulty and the result was consistent with the NASA-TLX. The four workload dimensions provided detailed differences about workload: during nonprecision approach there were more control activities and stress than in other flight phases; during autopilot cruise there were the least control activities and the highest flight performance. The correlation between workload dimensions provided extra diagnostic information: the cognitive and control activities in the approach phase were more stressful than in the takeoff phase; the correlation between control activity and performance was higher in the approach phase than in the takeoff phase.CONCLUSION: This study proposed an effective pilot workload assessment method which could also provide detailed and diagnostic information. It could be used as an auxiliary tool for the development and evaluation of pilot-cockpit interaction.Wang Z, Lu Y, Fu S. A multidimensional method for pilot workload assessment and diagnosis. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):932939.

A Systematic Method for Using Critical Decision Method Interviews to Generate a Garden Path Scenario for Human-in-the-Loop Simulations for Training and Evaluation of New Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Laura G. Militello ◽  
Christen Sushereba ◽  
Simon Fernandez ◽  
David Bahner ◽  
Emily S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
Combat Casualty ◽  
Critical Decision Method

Strategies for assessing macrocognitive skill must be tailored to work domains and specific tasks. This paper describes one approach for leveraging the critical decision method, a structured interview technique, to develop an assessment method for new technologies. The approach uses garden path scenarios, where initial cues suggest a different (false prime) diagnosis than later cues and thus requires changing the leading diagnosis over time, to assess sensemaking and re-planning skills in the context of tactical combat casualty care. Critical decision method interviews with emergency medicine physicians revealed critical cues specific to particular injuries and common across different injuries, and also provided cases that were used as the foundation for garden path scenarios. Evaluations using this approach with garden path scenarios enables having an objective measure to compare performance with and without a new technology on a continuous variable of the time until landmark events, such as recognition of a critical cue, committing to a likely diagnosis, or ruling out an inaccurate diagnosis. Additional measures include whether or not particular cues are noticed based upon gaze tracking data and think aloud statements, and exams that assess knowledge of anatomy and treatment priorities. Re-planning measures will focus on comparing performance to an expert model such as for tourniquet application, whether or not tasks on a checklist are conducted in the expected order including for prioritizing where to look for patient assessment, action priorities, and the trainee’s ability to link diagnosis to appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Human Reliability Evaluation Based on Objective and Subjective Comprehensive Method Used for Ergonomic Interface Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Peng-qing Chen ◽  
Zi-yu Xie ◽  
Bin-jun Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Interaction Interface ◽  
Computer Interaction

In the process of machining, the operator’s incorrect operation using the control human-computer interaction interface may lead to a disastrous effect on the whole production chain such as task failure and system failure. The eight types of using errors about human-computer interaction interface system (misperception, memory lapse, carelessness, improper decision-making, improper operation, improper interface layout design, improper icon and text display design, and improper prompt feedback) are proposed based on the cognition from users. According to the eight types of using error, the human reliability and safety evaluation method is proposed. Considering the variability objective and uncertainty subjective factors in the human-machine interaction process, the human reliability evaluation method is proposed based on objective and subjective comprehensive weighting under ergonomic principles. Firstly, based on the investigation of relevant machine tool interface design, the comprehensive evaluation index system for man-machine reliability of complex interface design is established. Secondly, an objective and subjective comprehensive weight assignment method as the composition of Theilʼs entropy weight method combined with TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) and improved AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method combined with fuzzy mathematics is proposed. It can not only effectively avoid the impact of excessive subjective factors on empowerment but also fully excavate the real information in the survey data and improve the objectivity and accuracy of the weight data of evaluation indicators at all levels. Thirdly, taking the interface design of CNC machine tool equipment for example, the best human-computer interaction interface design schemes are chosen according to the human reliability evaluation method based on objective and subjective comprehensive method calculated by Entropy-TOPSIS-AHP. Finally, based on eye movement experiments, the use efficiency and accuracy of the human-computer interaction interface design scheme chosen by the assessment method are better than the other design schemes or original one to verify the assessment method validity.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Objective, Passive Dietary Assessment Method for Estimating Food and Nutrient Intake in Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modou L Jobarteh ◽  
Megan A McCrory ◽  
Benny Lo ◽  
Mingui Sun ◽  
Edward Sazonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Food And Nutrient Intake ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACT Malnutrition is a major concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but the full extent of nutritional deficiencies remains unknown largely due to lack of accurate assessment methods. This study seeks to develop and validate an objective, passive method of estimating food and nutrient intake in households in Ghana and Uganda. Household members (including under-5s and adolescents) are assigned a wearable camera device to capture images of their food intake during waking hours. Using custom software, images captured are then used to estimate an individual's food and nutrient (i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy, and micronutrients) intake. Passive food image capture and assessment provides an objective measure of food and nutrient intake in real time, minimizing some of the limitations associated with self-reported dietary intake methods. Its use in LMIC could potentially increase the understanding of a population's nutritional status, and the contribution of household food intake to the malnutrition burden. This project is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03723460).

scholarly journals Ergonomic Reliability Assessment for Passenger Car Interface Design Based on EWM-MADM and Human Cognitive Reliability Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Jia-Tuo Chen ◽  
Xin-Lou Yu ◽  
Bin-Jun Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Interactive Interface ◽  
Entropy Weight Method ◽  
Weight Method

The ergonomic reliability assessment of interface design scheme for the passenger car is very practical to enhance driving safety performance. In addition, it can significantly reduce development costs and the development cycle of the new car. From the perspective of guiding the improvement of the central console interactive interface design of the passenger car, the most effective method to build the ergonomic reliability assessment method of the interactive interface is to evaluate and predict the human reliability objectively and subjectively and to design, feedback, and guide the design process of the ergonomic interface for the passenger car. Firstly, the questionnaire survey and the classification of ergonomic reliability analysis factors are analyzed to be put forward based on predecessors; the judgment layer factors and index layer factors of human-machine interaction interface in automobile central console are put forward. Secondly, entropy weight method (EWM) and multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) were used for objective evaluation and subjective evaluation, respectively. Thirdly, the interaction interfaces in central consoles of three different passenger cars are taken as examples; objective simulated experimental test based on entropy weight method and subjective scoring evaluation based on MADM were conducted, respectively. Besides, the objective evaluation and subjective evaluation are coupled by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and rationality of the ergonomic reliability assessment method, human cognitive reliability experiments are made based on the data acquisition from the eye-tracking experiments.

scholarly journals An objective method to assess and recommend exertion and exercise targets for return to play post concussion

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S8.3-S9
Author(s):  
Joseph Clark ◽  
Jon Divine ◽  
Robert Mangine ◽  
Kimberly Hasselfeld ◽  
Aaron Keuhn-Himmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Target Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Sports Concussion

ObjectiveThe object of this presentation is to supply the athletic trainer with data concerning a methodology that can be used to aid in designing a cardio conditioning regimen postconcussion as well as an exercise or lifting program postconcussion. This objective measure does not rely on subjective patient reports of symptoms and utilizes a reflex based assessment method.BackgroundSports concussion is a substantial concern for athletic trainers and there is a critical need to objectively and safely allow an athlete to return to play as soon as safely possible. Being able to make cogent recommendations as opposed to empirically trying something that has an intrinsic risk of eliciting symptoms or causing setbacks is urgently needed.Design/MethodsWe present data concerning 65 athletes (mean age 20.8 years) who were assessed. This was done while on an exercise bike going through a progression of exertion levels. The TERC Murmur was listened for every 2 minutes at the traditional carotid artery position.ResultsResults for cardio assessment. 73% of the cardio assessment subjects had a TERC Murmur at a heart rate of 127.2 bpm (± 16 SD). The transient exertion related carotid (TERC) murmur is a murmur that is heard at the carotid arteries during exercise. It normally is heard at around a heart rate of 150, but is heard a lower heart rates in concussion patients.ConclusionsThe clinical advantages of the use of the TERC murmur is that it can be applied by an athletic trainer with the training to listen for a blood pressure. It provides objective information concerning safe heart rates and target heart rate. Being able to safely recommend a means by which an athlete can condition (cardio and or lifting) will accelerate return to play as well as aid in keeping the athlete happy, healthy and engaged.

scholarly journals Image Quality Assessment Using Edge Correlation

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh Ruikar ◽  
Ashoke Sinha ◽  
Saurabh Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Gaussian Filter ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
Edge Based

Abstract In literature, oriented filters are used for low-level vision tasks. In this paper, we propose use of steerable Gaussian filter in image quality assessment. Human visual system is more sensitive to multidirectional edges present in natural images. The most degradation in image quality is caused due to its edges. In this work, an edge based metric termed as steerable Gaussian filtering (SGF) quality index is proposed as objective measure for image quality assessment. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated over multiple databases. The experimental result shows that proposed method is more reliable and outperform the conventional image quality assessment method.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment and Diagnosis for Regional Agricultural Drought Resilience Based on Set Pair Analysis and Connection Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglu Chen ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Yuliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weak Link ◽  
Pair Potential ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Connection Number ◽  
Drought Resilience ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis

Assessment and diagnosis of regional agricultural drought resilience (RADR) is an important groundwork to identify the shortcomings of regional agriculture to resist drought disasters accurately. In order to quantitatively assess the capacity of regional agriculture system to reduce losses from drought disasters under complex conditions and to identify vulnerability indexes, an assessment and diagnosis model for RADR was established. Firstly, this model used the improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the index weights, then proposed an assessment method based on connection number and an improved connection entropy. Furthermore, the set pair potential based on subtraction was used to diagnose the vulnerability indexes. In addition, a practical application had been carried out in the region of the Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province. The evaluation results showed that the RADR in this area from 2005 to 2014 as a whole was in a relatively weak situation. However, the average grade values had decreased from 3.144 to 2.790 during these 10 years and the RADR had an enhanced tendency. Moreover, the possibility of RADR enhancement for six cities in this region decreased from east to west, and the drought emergency condition was the weak link of the RADR in the Huaibei Plain.

scholarly journals Applying Trajectory Tracking and Positioning Techniques for Real-time Autonomous Flight Performance Assessment of UAV Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Azizul Azhar Ramli ◽  
Rozanawati Darman ◽  
Subhi R. M. Zeebaree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Field Information ◽  
Time Autonomous ◽  
A Performance

This research presents a Performance Visualized Assessment (PVA) archetype via which the performance of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drone framework can be scrutinized and evaluated. The PVA is a performance-based assessment method that appropriately fits in assessing the flight point of the UAV in an indoor situation and outside the requirement of GPS aid. The PVA prototype came up with is comprised of Visualized Mission Grid (VMG) and Chi-square (CSI) modules. The VMG maps viewable field information of the surrounding including the situation of the route mission. In addition, the utilization of restriction and optical stream indoor direction monitoring and trailing is used in the CSI. The PVA follows and evaluates the execution of the UAV autonomous operations by checking and envisioning the direction and the UAV action amid route missions. The implementation outcomes demonstrate that the PVA is able to precisely assess and envision the execution quality of three aerial missions.

Delirium superimposed on dementia: a survey of delirium specialists shows a lack of consensus in clinical practice and research studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Richardson ◽  
Andrew Teodorczuk ◽  
Giuseppe Bellelli ◽  
Daniel H. J. Davis ◽  
Karin J. Neufeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Delirium Superimposed On Dementia ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis ◽  
Research Studies

ABSTRACTBackground:Despite advances in delirium knowledge and the publication of best practice guidelines, uncertainties exist regarding assessment of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia (DSD). An international survey of delirium specialists was undertaken to evaluate current practice.Methods:Invitations to participate in an online survey were distributed by email among members of four international delirium associations with additional publication on their websites. The survey covered the assessment and diagnosis of DSD in clinical practice and research studies. Questions were structured around current practice and attitudes.Results:The 205 responders were mostly confident that they could detect DSD with 60% rating their confidence at 7 or above on a likert scale of 0 (none) to 10 (excellent). Seventy-six percent felt that Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) was the most challenging dementia subtype in which to diagnose DSD. Several scales were used to assess for the presence of DSD including the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) (54%), DSM-5 criteria (25%) and CAM-ICU (15%). Responders stated that attention (71%), fluctuation in cognitive status (65%), and arousability (41%) were the most clinically useful features to assess when diagnosing DSD. Motor fluctuations were also deemed important but 61% had no specific test to monitor these.Conclusions:The largest survey of DSD practice to date demonstrates that despite good levels of confidence in recognizing DSD, there exists a lack of consensus concerning assessment and diagnosis globally. These findings suggest the need for the development of more research leading to precise diagnostic criteria and comprehensive guidelines regarding the assessment and diagnosis of DSD.

A Survey of Access Methods for Image Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee-Yong Chan ◽  
Louis F. Pau
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Content Based Retrieval ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Similarity Retrieval ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Efficient Retrieval

The feasibility of storing large amount of digital images and the pictorial-oriented nature of many applications have attracted much interest in pictorial information systems. An important issue in such systems is the efficient retrieval of image based on its contents. Supporting content-based retrieval of image data is a difficult problem and embraces different technologies including image processing, user interface design, and database management. To provide efficient content-based retrieval, efficient access methods based on image features are required. This paper presents a survey of indexing techniques that support content-based retrieval of images. In particular, we examine access methods for three types of image features, namely, object shape, semantic objects, and spatial relationships among semantic objects. For each image feature, we look at how various approaches represent and organize the image features and how they support similarity retrieval.

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