scholarly journals Studies on poisonous metals. VI. Effect of food components on transport of cadmium across rat small intestine in vitro.

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji KOJIMA ◽  
Morio KIYOZUMI ◽  
Minoru KAMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Effect Of Food

scholarly journals Absorption of lactulose from mammalian gastrointestinal tract

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Evered ◽  
F. Sadoogh-Abasian
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Poor Absorption

1. The disaccharide lactulose (galactosyl-β-1,4-fructose) was poorly absorbed from rat small intestine in vitro and human mouth in vivo.2. These results confirm indirect clinical evidence of poor absorption from the intestine.3. The presence of calcium ions, or absence of sodium ions, had no effect on lactulose absorption from the buccal cavity.4. The presence of ouabain, or absence of Na+, did not decrease the absorption of lactulose from small intestine.5. It is thought that the mode of transport, in both instances, is by passive diffusion with the concentration gradient.

Pyruvate transport across mucosa of rat small intestine in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300
Author(s):  
JOHN E. LAWRENCE ◽  
DEREK F. EVERED
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

Demonstration and modification of intervillous pH profiles in rat small intestine in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. G489-G495 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daniel ◽  
C. Fett ◽  
A. Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Alkaline Secretion ◽  
Alkaline Fluid ◽  
Ph Profiles

The intervillous pH profiles along the crypt villus axis in different regions of the rat small intestine were measured in vitro by using pH-sensitive liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. A characteristic pH profile was observed in the duodenum and jejunum. A region of low pH was detected in the upper parts of the villi (pH 6.65 +/- 0.06 to 6.85 +/- 0.07), whereas pH at the villus base was always higher. In the ileum no gradient was observed (pH 7.26 +/- 0.05 to 7.31 +/- 0.05). Preincubation of the tissue in situ with 10 mM theophylline for 1 h caused an increase in the villus base pH in the jejunum (pH 7.24 +/- 0.04) and ileum (7.44 +/- 0.04) followed by a subsequent increase of the pH in the upper part of the villi. These results indicate that the low pH in the upper intervillous space may be related to H+ secretion occurring from the mature enterocytes, whereas the crypt cells may secrete a rather neutral or slightly alkaline fluid. Alkaline secretion from the crypts may be increased by theophylline, which changes the levels of cyclic nucleotides in the mucosa.

Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414
Author(s):  
S Mishkin ◽  
M Yalovsky ◽  
JI Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

Oral intake of slowly digestible α-glucan, isomaltodextrin, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in the small intestine of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Komuro ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Shingo Hino ◽  
Tatsuya Morita ◽  
Naomichi Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

AbstractTo investigate whether oral intake of highly branched α-glucan isomaltodextrin (IMD) could stimulate ileal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, we examined (1) the digestibility of IMD, (2) the digestion and absorption rates of IMD, in rat small intestine and (3) portal GLP-1 concentration in rats given IMD. In Expt 1, ileorectostomised rats were given a 3 % IMD diet for 10 d. Separately, a 16-h in vitro digestion of IMD, using porcine pancreatic α-amylase and brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine, was conducted. In Expt 2, upon 24-h fasting, rats were given any of glucose, IMD and high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) (1 g/kg of body weight). In Expt 3, caecectomised rats were given 0·2 % neomycin sulphate and a 5 % IMD diet for 10 d. The in vivo and in vitro digestibility of IMD was 70–80 %. The fraction of IMD digested in vitro for the first 120 min was 67 % of that in maize starch. The AUC for 0–120 min of plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower in HAMS group and tended to be lower in IMD group than in the glucose group. Finally, we also observed that, when compared with control rats, glucose of IMD significantly stimulated and improved the concentration of portal active GLP-1 in antibiotic-administered, caecectomised rats. We concluded that IMD was slowly digested and the resulting glucose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in rat small intestine. Oral delivery of slowly released IMD glucose to the small intestine probably exerts important, yet unknown, physiological effects on the recipient.

scholarly journals Method for Modeling the Small Intestine and Resident Microbiome Through in Vitro Fermentation (P20-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Doherty ◽  
Jordan Whitman ◽  
Steven Arcidiacono ◽  
Karen Conca ◽  
Jason Soares
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Model Design ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Fermentation Model

Abstract Objectives The human small intestine is a complex and dynamic organ tasked with enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients. Design of a small intestine model can provide detailed systematic knowledge of these processes; model design challenges include differential pH and oxygen availability along the length of the small intestine, food-dependent host secretion of digestive compounds, complex nutrient absorption processes, and microbiome interactions with both food and host. Numerous in vitro models have been developed to simulate the small intestine, but physiological relevance is limited. Here, we present an in vitro fermentation model of the small intestine to include microbiota and enhance physiological relevance. Methods A stepwise biofidelic model design approach was implemented with initial stages consisting of simulating ileum conditions, including pH and residence time, utilizing an automated bioreactor system for real-time monitoring and control of fermentation parameters, with incorporation of digestive enzymes and bile acids for breakdown of food inputs. Nutrient absorption, simulated using hollow-fiber columns to emulate passive diffusion, was initially optimized using small molecules to mimic dietary digestion byproducts; validation with food components, such as starch or whey powder, is planned. A mock microbial community, with organisms selected to represent major phyla and functions of the small intestine microbiota, was designed, implemented, and characterized in fermentations representing “fed-state” ileum conditions. Results Design and validation of the model with mock food components will be presented, along with steps taken to integrate in situ nutrient absorption and mock microbial community. Initial characterization of the microbial community indicates synergistic growth dynamics and nutrient utilization under “fed-state” conditions. Conclusions These efforts will be the foundation for our long-term goal of simulating the small intestine to complement our large intestine fermentation model, jA2COB, creating a complete in vitro fermentation model of the lower GI tract. Insight gleaned from this model, alone or in concert with in vivo studies, can inform nutritional strategies to restore and maintain host gut homeostasis. Funding Sources Funded by U.S. Army NSRDEC core applied research funds.

In vitro Uptake and Metabolism of Pteroylpolyglutamate by Rat Small Intestine

1976 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Halsted ◽  
Ann Reisenauer ◽  
Carolyn Back ◽  
Gerald S. Gotterer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Uptake
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