IMPROVEMENT OF LOW ALTITUDE TUSSOCK COUNTRY IN CENTRAL OTAGO

1960 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
T.E. Ludecke
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
The West ◽  
Low Altitude

This paper describes the research work undertaken in the last two and a 'half years into the improvement of run country in Central Otago. The district covers 4,500 square miles of the Clutha and Taieri catchments stretching from the Lakes in the west and Miller's FIX and Middlemarch in the east. About twothirds of the area lies above 1,500 ft and is the run or pastoral country.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

scholarly journals Occurrence of ozone anomalies over cloudy areas in TOMS version-7 level-2 data

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
M. J. Newchurch ◽  
J. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
The West ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Retrieval Errors ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Cloud Top Pressure

Abstract. This study investigates anomalous ozone distributions over cloudy areas in Nimbus-7 (N7) and Earth-Probe (EP) TOMS version-7 data and analyzes the causes for ozone anomaly formation. A 5°-longitude by 5°-latitude region is defined to contain a Positive Ozone Anomaly (POA) or Negative Ozone Anomaly (NOA) if the correlation coefficient between total ozone and reflectivity is > 0.5 or < -0.5. The average fractions of ozone anomalies among all cloud fields are 31.8 ± 7.7% and 35.8 ± 7.7% in the N7 and EP TOMS data, respectively. Some ozone anomalies are caused by ozone retrieval errors, and others are caused by actual geophysical phenomena. Large cloud-height errors are found in the TOMS version-7 algorithm in comparison to the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) cloud data. On average, cloud-top pressures are overestimated by ~200 hPa (THIR cloud-top pressure < 200 hPa) for high-altitude clouds and underestimated by ~150 hPa for low-altitude clouds (THIR cloud-top pressure > 750 hPa). Most tropical NOAs result from negative errors induced by large cloud-height errors, and most tropical POAs are caused by positive errors due to intra-cloud ozone absorption enhancement. However, positive and negative errors offset each other, reducing the ozone anomaly occurrence in TOMS data. Large ozone/reflectivity slopes for mid-latitude POAs show seasonal variation consistent with total ozone fluctuation, indicating that they result mainly from synoptic and planetary wave disturbances. POAs with an occurrence fraction of 30--60% occur in regions of marine stratocumulus off the west coast of South Africa and off the west coast of South America. Both fractions and ozone/reflectivity slopes of these POAs show seasonal variations consistent with that in the tropospheric ozone. About half the ozone/reflectivity slope can be explained by ozone retrieval errors over clear and cloudy areas. The remaining slope may result from there being more ozone production because of rich ozone precursors and higher photolysis rates over high-frequency, low-altitude clouds than in clear areas. Ozone anomalies due to ozone retrieval errors have important implications in TOMS applications such as tropospheric ozone derivation and analysis of ozone seasonal variation.

scholarly journals THE CAUCASIAN POLICY OF THE SELJUK STATE IN TURKISH HISTORIOGRAPHY

Globus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
M.J. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Decisive Victory

The Caucasus region has always been in the center of attention of great powers, as it is located in a very favorable geographical area. The Caucasus was also of great importance to the Seljuk Turks, who established a state after a decisive victory over the Ghaznavids in the Battle of Dandanakan. As it is known, after the establishment of the Seljuk state by the Turks, their main policy was to advance to the west, to seize Anatolia and turn Anatolia into Turkish lands. The Caucasus region was the gateway to Anatolia. From this point of view, the Caucasus was of great military-strategic importance for the Seljuks. However, the study of the Caucasian policy of the Seljuk Turks began a little late in Turkish historiography. The article examines the research work written on this topic and determines the level of study of the topic in Turkish historiography.

MANIFESTATION OF LATGALIAN IDENTITY IN EXILE

Via Latgalica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Vladislavs Malahovskis
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Consciousness Development ◽  
Research Orientations ◽  
Research Institute

The article deals with some aspects of Latgalian identity and perception in exile, their origin and main key issues. At the end of the Second World War about 120,000 - 140,000 residents of Latvia found their asylum in the West. About 7,000 of them were Latgalians. Despite their common sense of belonging to lost Latvia, common aspirations for freedom and independence of a Latvian state, Latvian intelligentsia was not united in exile. It was composed of different social and scientifi c organizations, etc. The lack of unity is based on heritage and stereotypes. Historically Latgale had different socio-economic conditions, different socio-political development of events and belated national consciousness development. That is why Latgalians in exile were not united. Their beliefs were very different in number of issues: 1. Regarding written language and the language of worship (Latvian or Latgalian). Catholic Church representatives in exile considered the language of worship services should be Latvian, because Catholics were among Latvians. But another part of the representatives of Latgalians insisted on the Latgalian language; 2. Regarding historical concept (authoritarian regime of Karlis Ulmanis and Latgale). One part criticized Karlis Ulmanis about restriction of the Latgalian language and literature in the second part of 30s of the 20th century, while the others supported his economic and other activities in favour of Latgale. The most active and important organization that defended everything Latgalian was Vladislavs Lōcis Publishing House and Latgale Research Institute (LRI). Vladislavs Lōcis Publishing House moved from Daugavpils to the West and started its activities in Germany. The publisher considered Latgalian writer or researcher a person who wrote in Latgalian. In this connection some problems arose with Latgalian authors who tried to keep both languages – Latgalian and Latvian. Despite of various ideological and material obstacles, V. Lōcis Publishing House has made a substantial contribution. The Publishing House issued in total about 150 Latgalian authors’ books, as well as almanac “Tāvu Zemes Kalendars” (Father`s Land Calendar), the newspaper “Latgolas Bolss” (Voice of Latgale), ”Latgola” (Latgale), the magazine ”Dzeive” (Life), a literary collection of articles “Olūts”, a scientific collection of articles “Acta Latgalica”. Research institute was established to coordinate research work in exile by the Latgale intelligentsia. Emphasising the authentic Latgalian research orientations, it is also known as Latgalian Research Institute. LRI foundation was a form of protest against disregard of the Latgalian descendants, history, culture, literary research: 1) In Western European research communities; 2) Works of Latvian group of authors in exile; 3) The absence of objective study of history of Latvia in Soviet Latvia. Though LRI staff were cut off from their homeland, without modern means of communication, nevertheless they were able to organize the Latgalian researchers in different countries and continents, could lead to permanent research in history, culture and literature of Latgale. The main issue as well as the problem was why during the second generation in exile has the continuity of selflessness ambitions vanished. During the first generation of exile the Latgalian identity has been largely reduced to the usage of Latgalian language. Unlike Latvians from other regions who saw spacious prospects for their activities, the new generation of Latgalians in exile did not see wide enough perspective for the Latgalian language and written form of expression of the language. However, the succession in greater or less extent was saved after the resumption of independence of Latvia – in Latgale: in 1991 the Institute activities were declared and supported by the official members of exile in Daugavpils. Currently, the LRI is the branch of Daugavpils University; Latgale research nowadays is not limited to LRI. Since 90s Rēzekne University College (Rēzeknes Augstskola) has grown into an important research centre, where the Institute of Regional Studies has started its activities. Latgale Cultural centre Publishing House continues traditions started by V. Lōcis.

On the Marine Gravels at March, Cambridgeshire

1934 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Baden-Powell
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
The West ◽  
The Town

Since the Fenland Research Committee was formed in 1932, several papers have appeared, under its auspices, describing recent research work in the Fen District. The present article is a contribution to the work of this Committee, but describes deposits which are earlier in date than those which have been dealt with so far. The marine gravels have long been known near the town of March in Cambridgeshire, and the object here is to collect what is known up to the present (1934) about this deposit and to discuss its relation to the glacial and implementiferous deposits of southern Fenland and in the neighbourhood of Cambridge. The term “March Gravel” will be used here in reference to the sands and gravels which contain marine organisms and which are found on the “islands” between Peterborough on the west and the “Bedford River”, near Manea, on the east.

scholarly journals THE IMPROVEMENT, UTILIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF LOW ALTITUDE TUSSOCK COUNTRY IN OTAGO

1966 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
T.E. Ludecke ◽  
B.P.J. Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Low Altitude

IN THIS PAPER it is planned to review research work in Central Otago and the work carried out at Tara Hills High Country Research Station, Omarama, prior to 1966, into the improvement of low altitude tussock country, the utilization of this improved country and the increases in production which can occur. Discussion will mainly be concerned with the improvement of tussock country in areas where the rainfall is greater than 20 in. per annum and where clovers can be introduced by oversowing. Lucerne is the legume suited to areas where the rainfall is less than 20 in.

Nationwide Comprehensive Epidemiological Study of Rare Diseases in Japan Using a Health Insurance Claims Database

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Ninomiya ◽  
Masahiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
The West ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Insurance Claims

Abstract BackgroundMore than 7,000 diseases constitute what are called rare diseases, and they mostly have no specific treatment. Disease profiles, such as prevalence and natural history, among the population of a specific country are essential in determining for which disease to research and develop drugs. In Japan, disease profiles of fewer than 2,000 rare diseases, called Nanbyo, have been investigated. However, non-Nanbyo rare diseases remain largely uninvestigated. Accordingly, we reveal the prevalence and natural history of rare diseases among the Japanese population, using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, which covered 99.9% of public health insurance claims from hospitals and 97.9% from clinics as of May 2015. Then, we compared them with the data reported in Orphanet. This cross-disease study is the first to analyze rare-disease epidemiology in Japan with high accuracy, disease coverage, and granularity.ResultsWe were provided with the number of patients of approximately 4,500 rare diseases by sex and age for 10 years with the permission of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. About 3,000 diseases have equivalent terms in Orphanet and other medical databases. The data show that even if the Nanbyo systems do not cover a rare disease, its patients survive in many cases. Moreover, regarding natural history, genetic diseases tend to be diagnosed later in Japan than they are in the West. The data collected for this research work are available in the supplement and the website of NanbyoData.ConclusionsOur research work revealed the basic epidemiology and the natural history of Japanese patients with rare diseases using a health insurance claims database. The results imply that the coverage of the present Nanbyo systems is inadequate for rare diseases. Therefore, fundamental reform might be needed to reduce unfairness between rare diseases. Moreover, most diseases in Japan follow a tendency similar to those reported in Orphanet. However, some diseases are detected later, partly because fewer clinical genetic tests are available in Japan than there are in the West. Finally, we hope that our data and analysis accelerate drug discovery for rare diseases in Japan.

scholarly journals PASTURE IMPROVEMENT IN LOW ALTITUDE TUSSOCK AND SCRUB-LAND

1958 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
H.A. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Scrub Land

The tussock grasslands and scrub-infested areas of the South Island vary considerably, according to altitude, climatic factors of rainfall, temperature, and wind, and the influence of mankind. To appreciate fully the theme of this paper a brief description of the locality, soil type, and ecology of the particular district will be helpful in evaluating the problems and the methods adopted to bring about an improvement in fertility and production. The area known as Traquair, Lee Stream, Wehenga, and Hindon represents some 300,000 acres and is situated 25 to 40 miles by road in a north to north-westerly direction from Dunedin. Broadly speaking it is an inland plateau bounded by the Maungatua Mountains in the south, the Lammermoor Range in the west, Deep Stream in the-north, and the Taieri River and Silver Peak Mountains in the east. Abrupt medium to deep gullies and gorges with extensive flat tops are characteristic of the topography of the country, which in altitude varies from 600 to 1,500 ft above sea level. Shelter trees are restricted to homestead plantings and small shelter belts.

scholarly journals Occurrence of ozone anomalies over cloudy areas in TOMS version-7 level-2 data

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
M. J. Newchurch ◽  
J. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
The West ◽  
Cloud Height ◽  
Retrieval Errors ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Cloud Top Pressure

Abstract. This study investigates anomalous ozone distributions over cloudy areas in Nimbus-7 (N7) and Earth-Probe (EP) TOMS version-7 data and analyzes the causes for ozone anomaly formation. A 5°-longitude by 5°-latitude region is defined to contain a Positive Ozone Anomaly (POA) or Negative Ozone Anomaly (NOA) if the correlation coefficient between total ozone and reflectivity is ≥0.5 or ≥− 0.5. The average fractions of ozone anomalies among all cloud fields are 31.8+/−7.7% and 35.8+\\−7.7% in the N7 and EP TOMS data, respectively. Some ozone anomalies are caused by ozone retrieval errors, and others are caused by actual geophysical phenomena. Large cloud-height errors are found in the TOMS version-7 algorithm in comparison to the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) cloud data. On average, cloud-top pressures are overestimated by ~200 hPa (THIR cloud-top pressure ≤ 200 hPa) for high-altitude clouds and underestimated by ~150 hPa for low-altitude clouds (THIR cloud-top pressure ≥750 hPa). Most tropical NOAs result from negative errors induced by large cloud-height errors, and most tropical POAs are caused by positive errors due to intra-cloud ozone absorption enhancement. However, positive and negative errors offset each other, reducing the ozone anomaly occurrence in TOMS data. Large ozone/reflectivity slopes for mid-latitude POAs show seasonal variation consistent with total ozone fluctuation, indicating that they result mainly from synoptic and planetary wave disturbances. POAs with an occurrence fraction of 30–60% occur in regions of marine stratocumulus off the west coast of South Africa and off the west coast of South America. Both fractions and ozone/reflectivity slopes of these POAs show seasonal variations consistent with that in the tropospheric ozone. About half the ozone/reflectivity slope can be explained by ozone retrieval errors over clear and cloudy areas. The remaining slope may result from there being more ozone production because of rich ozone precursors and higher j-values over high-frequency, low-altitude clouds than in clear areas. Ozone anomalies due to ozone retrieval errors have important implications in TOMS applications such as tropospheric ozone derivation and analysis of ozone seasonal variation.

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