scholarly journals YORKSHIRE FOG (HOLCUS LANATUS). ITS POTENTIAL AS A PASTURE SPECIES

1973 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
Caucasus Mountains

YORKSHIRE FOG probably has its origin in the Iberian Peninsula (Vinal and Hein, 1937) but, as a result of continued colonization since the end of the ice age, is now found throughout Europe from the limiits of northern Scandinavia and Iceland to the Caucasus Mountains and North West Africa (Beddows, 1961; Hulten, 1950; Bother and Larsen, 1958). Under the influence of human pastoral activities, the species has spread to all of the more recently developed farming areas in the temperate regions of the Americas, South Africa and Australasia.

scholarly journals YORKSHIRE FOG AS A PASTURE GRASS

1962 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
North West ◽  
Centre Of Origin

Yorkshire fog probably has its centre of origin in the Iberian Peninsula, but as a result of continued colonisation since the end of the ice age is now found throughout Europe and North-west Africa. Under the influence of human pastoral activities the species has spread to all the more recently developed farming areas in the temperate regions of the Americas, South Africa, and Australasia.

scholarly journals Late-20th-century changes in glacier extent in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (176) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Stokes ◽  
Stephen D. Gurney ◽  
Maria Shahgedanova ◽  
Victor Popovnin
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Mountains ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Colour Composite ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractGlaciers occupy an area of ~1600km2 in the Caucasus Mountains. There is widespread evidence of retreat since the Little Ice Age, but an up-to-date regional assessment of glacier change is lacking. In this paper, satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) is used to obtain the terminus position of 113 glaciers in the central Caucasus in 1985 and 2000, using a manual delineation process based on a false-colour composite (bands 5, 4, 3). Measurements reveal that 94% of the glaciers have retreated, 4% exhibited no overall change and 2% advanced. The mean retreat rate equates to ~8ma–1, and maximum retreat rates approach ~38 m a–1. The largest (>10 km2) glaciers retreated twice as much (~12ma–1) as the smallest (<1 km2) glaciers (~6ma–1), and glaciers at lower elevations generally retreated greater distances. Supraglacial debris cover has increased in association with glacier retreat, and the surface area of bare ice has reduced by ~10% between 1985 and 2000. Results are compared to declassified Corona imagery from the 1960s and 1970s and detailed field measurements and mass-balance data for Djankuat glacier, central Caucasus. It is concluded that the decrease in glacier area appears to be primarily driven by increasing temperatures since the 1970s and especially since the mid-1990s. Continued retreat could lead to considerable changes in glacier runoff, with implications for regional water resources.

scholarly journals Identifying migration routes and non-breeding staging sites of adult males of the globally threatened Aquatic WarblerAcrocephalus paludicola

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
VOLKER SALEWSKI ◽  
MARTIN FLADE ◽  
SIMEON LISOVSKI ◽  
ANATOLII POLUDA ◽  
OLEKSANDER ILIUKHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North West ◽  
Aquatic Warbler ◽  
Sub Saharan

SummaryBirds that are long-distance migrants partition their annual cycle among a number of locations over a large spatial range. The conservation of these species is particularly complex because it requires attention to a number of different and distant habitats based on knowledge of migratory phenology, routes and staging areas. In the case of the globally threatened Aquatic WarblerAcrocephalus paludicola, a habitat specialist that breeds in Europe and spends the boreal winter in sub-Saharan Africa, non-breeding staging areas were widely unknown until recently. We applied light-level geolocators to adult male Aquatic Warblers at breeding sites in Belarus and Ukraine. Data from eight retrieved geolocators confirmed a south-west and then westward migration route through Europe via the northern Mediterranean with staging sites on the Iberian Peninsula and occasionally France and north-west Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, final staging areas were in Mali, either in the Inner Niger Delta or at (presumably) small water bodies in the desert, with one bird most likely staying in the north of Ivory Coast south of the previously assumed range. The birds probably stayed in the final staging areas for most of the non-breeding season, but the logger on only one bird provided data throughout the entire migration cycle. Pre-nuptial migration of the latter was by a more easterly route than the southward migration. Our study suggests that conservation strategies for Aquatic Warbler north of the Sahara should include consideration of unknown staging sites in the northern Mediterranean as well as on the Iberian Peninsula and in north-west Africa. South of the Sahara, our study demonstrates the importance of the Sahel for the conservation of the Aquatic Warbler, including both the major floodplains of the Niger River and small Sahelian wetlands that are under pressure from human development.

scholarly journals Brief communication: Supraglacial debris-cover changes in the Caucasus Mountains

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan G. Tielidze ◽  
Tobias Bolch ◽  
Roger D. Wheate ◽  
Stanislav S. Kutuzov ◽  
Ivan I. Lavrentiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Type ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
Caucasus Mountains

Abstract. Debris cover on glaciers can significantly alter melt, and hence, glacier mass balance and runoff. Debris coverage typically increases with shrinking glaciers. Here, we present data on debris cover and its changes for 559 glaciers located in different regions of the Greater Caucasus mountains based on 1986, 2000 and 2014 Landsat and SPOT images. Over this time period, the total glacier area decreased from 691.5 km2 to 590.0 km2 (0.52 % yr−1). Thereby, the debris covered area increased from ~ 11 to ~ 24 % on the northern, and from ~ 4 to 10 % on the southern macro-slope between 1986 and 2014. Overall, we found 18 % debris cover for the year 2014. With the glacier shrinkage, debris-covered area and the number of debris-covered glaciers increased as a function of elevation, slope, aspect, glacier morphological type, Little Ice Age moraines, and lithology.

scholarly journals A ring recovery of a lesser spotted Eagle Aquila Pomarina Brehm

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.P. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Aquila Pomarina ◽  
Caucasus Mountains

During ringing operations in the Punda Milia area of the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, a Lesser Spotted Eagle, Aquila pomarina, Roberts Nr. 136, was caught by means of a bal-chatri trap at Magoane. The bird, an adult, had a mass of 1,26 kg, which appears light for its size; it was probably a male. It was fitted with a flanged ring of 16 mm diameter, No. 526-0727 at the time of capture - 29.11.1972, 08h00. A number ofconspecifics were observed in the area at the time. The eagle was recovered on 30.10.1973 and, as the ring was returned, it is presumed to be dead. The place of recovery was Azerbaijan SSR, near Kusary, U.S.S.R., co-ordinates 41 24'N, 48 27'E, which places it just north of the Caucasus Mountains and west of the Caspian Sea. It would appear that the eagle met its end shortly before or during migration, as the date of recovery given is only thirty days prior to the date on which the bird was ringed in the proceeding year.

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