The management of risk in a dryland environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
D.I. Gray ◽  
J.I. Reid ◽  
D.J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Upside Risk

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.

scholarly journals Risks and determinants of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in Imo State

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
C.E. Ahaneku ◽  
S.U.O. Onyeagocha ◽  
C.C. Eze ◽  
N.M. Chidiebere-Mark ◽  
G.O. Ellah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Logit Regression Model

Cassava-based farmers are faced with a lot of risks and uncertainties and this results to low agricultural output and hinders the rural farmers from  pursuing their farming activities as an enterprise. The study assessed the risks and determinants of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in Imo State. A multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire administered to 180 respondents. Multinomial logit regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the choice of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in the study area. Results of the study showed that the farmers were of middle-age, fairly educated and have average farm size of one hectare. Majority of the farmers identified loss of crop due to disease (76.11%) and loss due to erosion (73.89%) as sources of risk farmers were exposed to. Also greater number of the respondents adopted practicing of mixed  cropping and planting of disease resistant species as risk management strategies. The result of the study also confirmed that age, gender, educational level and farm income were the major determinants of the farmers’ choice of risk management strategies. It was recommended that  government should make extension services functional and provide policies that will help boost the socio-economic welfare of farmers as this will significantly propel an increase in the choice effective risk management strategies in the area. Keywords: Risk management, risk management strategies, cassava based farmers.

scholarly journals Pathogens in crop production systems irrigated with low-quality water in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Perez-Mercado ◽  
Cecilia Lalander ◽  
Abraham Joel ◽  
Jakob Ottoson ◽  
Mercedes Iriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Shallow Wells

Abstract In dry areas, the need for irrigation to ensure agricultural production determines the use of all available water sources. However, the water sources used for irrigation are often contaminated by untreated or minimally treated wastewater. Microbial risks from reusing wastewater for vegetable irrigation can be addressed by installing environmental barriers that pathogens must cross to reach humans in the reuse system. Knowledge of pathogen flows inside the system and pathogen removal potential is the first step towards devising a risk management strategy. This study assessed microbe prevalence in farming systems in the Bolivian highlands that use wastewater-polluted sources for irrigation of lettuce. Samples of soil, lettuce and different water sources used in the farming systems were taken during one crop season and concentrations of coliphages, Escherichia coli and helminth eggs were measured. The results showed high spread of these microorganisms throughout the whole system. There was a significant correlation between microbial quality of water and of the harvested produce for several microorganisms. The microbial prevalence in protected shallow wells was found to be significantly lower than in other water sources. These findings can help formulate feasible risk management strategies in contexts where conventional technologies for microbial removal are not possible.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Risk Management Strategies among Arable Crop Farmers in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. B. Ibeagwa ◽  
N. C. Ehirim ◽  
G. N. Ben-Chendo ◽  
I. I. Ukoha ◽  
E. C. Osuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

The increased incidences of farming risks have been a challenge among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. This study set out to assess risk management strategies among arable crop farmers in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The proportion of risk in arable crop production and the factors that influence risk in arable crop production in the study area were specifically estimated. Primary data used for the study were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire from eighty-four farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that majority of the arable crop farmers (52.4%) were females. The average age and household size were 54 years and 5 persons respectively. Educational level, age, farming experience, farm size, household size and farm income were the factors influencing the estimated output of the farmers due to the prevalence of risk in arable crop production. The study recommended the continuous education of arable crop farmers in the area so as to increase their capacity to deal with risk on their farms.

scholarly journals Formulation Of Beta Capm Index With Weighted Average Methods And Market Risk Comparison Of Listed Banks During Post-Global Crisis Period 2011-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy ◽  
◽  
Le Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hang ◽  
Vu Quynh Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

In emerging markets such as Vietnam, stock markets has been developing with fast growth and implies risk, hence, we need to focus on risk management strategies. One of this study’s purposes is to state formulation of weighted beta Capm index, a development from traditional beta Capm formula by Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965). We chose 3 cases of market risk measures in listed banks in Vietnam including ACB – Asia commercial bank, NVB- Navibank (later became National citizen bank NCB) and Weighted beta index. We also select the post-global crisis time 2011-2020 in the survey to conduct market risk comparison among Vietnam banks. By using OLS regression which is a reliable method, our research results tell that ror internal effects, we see that CPI has negative correlation and IN has positive correlation with beta in all 3 cases (weighted beta, NVB beta and ACB beta). In addition to, CPI, G, R anf Rf have higher impacts on beta values. Therefore, our study can be expanded for other markets.

scholarly journals Investigating the relationships between uncertainty types and risk management strategies in cross-border e-commerce logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giuffrida ◽  
Hai Jiang ◽  
Riccardo Mangiaracina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

PurposeDue to its fast growth, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) is becoming a popular internationalization model, especially in those destination markets with impressive e-commerce development like China. However, CBEC also brings new logistics challenges and uncertainty. This paper aims to understand how companies cope with logistics uncertainty in this field and whether the different types of uncertainty influence the risk management strategies adopted to face them.Design/methodology/approachA survey targeting online exporters to China and third-party forwarding logistics service providers (3PFLs) is conducted. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis is performed to test the possible relationship between the adopted risk management strategies and the types of uncertainty. The type, industry and size of the company, as well as the distance between the company's home country and China, are used as control variables in the study. Survey results are enriched via interviews with some of the respondents.FindingsThe risk management strategies adopted are dependent on the type of logistics uncertainty that the companies face and, to a minor extent, on the industry the company operates in. Conversely, no significant influence is exerted by other types of control factors, i.e. home country, company size or company type.Originality/valueThe paper investigates logistics uncertainty and risk management approaches in the novel context of CBEC. A systematic review of relevant sources of uncertainty is offered to help both scholars and practitioners understand the current complexities of CBEC. From a theoretical perspective, the paper models the investigated concepts in light of the contingency approach. From a practical perspective, results can be of interest since the list of proposed items can support risk identification and evaluation while the interviews with managers can provide insights on risk management practices.

scholarly journals Farmers’s Choice to Risk Management Strategies of Corn Farming in Sigi District Central Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Heni SP Rahayu ◽  
Mardiana Dewi ◽  
Tina Febrianti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Corn has a very significant contribution in the national economy as one of main food crop commodities. As a strategic commodity, corn has big potency even in covid-19 pandemic time, corn relatively resilient compare to other commodities in Central Sulawesi. However the level of corn productivity will relate to the adoption of technology and the farmers’s choices to cope with risk, both production and marketing. Therefore, the study aims to know farmers’s choices to corn farming risk management strategies. A survey had been conducted to 75 respondents across the three districts in Sigi Central Sulawesi, and a quantitative analysis approach was applied in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multinomial logit analysis. The result showed that mostly of the corn farmers have no spesific risk management strategy due to the limit of information and awareness. While a second number already aware but not use spesific strategies. The rest of respondents have adopted certain strategies for managing risk but not compensatory for marketing’s risk yet. Some farmers gave credence to engage with the not formal contract or middleman as buyers and supplier for the production input and thus, becoming vulnerable position for the farmers. Variables that significantly gave effect on the choice of risk management strategies are: education, farm size, activity in farmer group, alternative commodity, and propensity to take a risk.

scholarly journals Adaptation Potential of Farmers’ Own Risk Management Strategies in Smallholder Agriculture: Some Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Singh Birthal ◽  
Jaweriah Hazrana ◽  
Digvijay Negi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Management Measure ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Farmers in developing countries are more exposed to frequent climatic shocks, and they, in the absence of a well-functioning market for crop insurance, rely on their own risk management strategies to reduce adverse effects of climatic shocks on agricultural production. This study evaluates adaptation benefits of farmers’ own risk management strategies in Indian agriculture, and comes out four key highlights. One, farmers, based on their historical exposures to climatic shocks, resource endowments and access to information and credit, often use more than one risk management measure at a time. Two, all risk management strategies, including the mitigation, transfer and coping, contribute towards improving agricultural productivity and reducing downside risk exposure, but it is the risk mitigation strategy that is more efficient. Three, joint adoption of risk management strategies generates even larger adaptation benefits. Four, although joint adoption of these strategies is positively associated with farm size, with information and liquidity constraints relaxed probability of their joint adoption is likely to increase on smaller farms.

The Effects of Decision Aid Orientation on Risk Factor Identification and Audit Test Planning

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean C. Bedard ◽  
Lynford E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Audit Planning ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

In auditing, risk management involves identifying client facts or issues that may affect engagement risk, and planning evidence-gathering strategies accordingly. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether auditors' identification of risk factors and planning of audit tests is affected by decision aid orientation, i.e., a “negative” focus wherein client risk and its consequences are emphasized, or a “positive” focus where such factors are not emphasized. Specifically, we expect that auditors will identify more risk factors using a negatively oriented risk identification decision aid, but only when engagement risk is relatively high. We address this issue in the context of auditors' knowledge of actual clients, manipulating decision aid orientation as negative or positive in a matched-pair design. Results show that auditors using the negative decision aid orientation identify more risk factors than do those using a positive orientation, for their higher-risk clients. We also find that decisions to apply substantive tests are more directly linked to specific risk factors identified than to direct risk assessments. Further, our results show that auditors with repeat engagement experience with the client identify more risk factors. The findings of this study imply that audit firms may improve their risk management strategies through simple changes in the design of decision aids used to support audit planning.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Risk during Necropsy and Morgue Activities as Risk Management Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8266
Author(s):  
Zoe Del Fante ◽  
Nicola Di Fazio ◽  
Adriano Papale ◽  
Paola Tomao ◽  
Fabio Del Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Load Handling

Physical risk assessments allow us to understand work-related critical issues, thus representing a useful tool in risk management strategies. In particular, our study focuses on the identification of already known and emerging physical risks related to necropsy and morgue activities, as well as crime scene investigations. The aim of our study is, therefore, to identify objective elements in order to quantify exposure to such risk factors among healthcare professionals and working personnel. For the research of potentially at-risk activities, data from the Morgue of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital in Rome were used. The scientific literature has been reviewed in order to assess the risks associated with morgue activity. Measurements were performed on previously scheduled days, in collaboration with the activities of different research units. The identified areas of risk were: microclimate; exposure to noise and vibrations; postural and biomechanical aspects of necropsy activities. The obtained results make it possible to detect interindividual variability in exposure to many of the aforementioned risk factors. In particular, the assessment of microclimate did not show significant results. On the contrary, exposure to vibrations and biomechanical aspects of load handling have shown potential risk profiles. For this reason, both profiles have been identified as possible action targets for risk management strategies.

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