scholarly journals The Combined Use of Leutragin and Pulmonary Surfactant-BL Increases Animal Survival in a Model of Fatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Biomeditsina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V. N. Karkischenko ◽  
I. A. Pomytkin ◽  
M. T. Gasanov ◽  
O. I. Stepanova ◽  
R. A. Klesov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Combined Use

This study aims to investigate effects of leutragin — a stabilized analogue of the endogenous hexapeptide dynorphin 1-6 — in combination with pulmonary surfactant-BL on animal survival in an experimental fatal model of “cytokine storm” and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in C57Bl/6Y mice. Compared to the control, administration of leutragin and pulmonary surfactant-BL in a combined regimen led to a statistically significant increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the risk of death in animals with ARDS. It was shown that the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production in the lungs with a simultaneous replenishment of the endogenous surfactant with an exogenous pulmonary surfactant is a promising new pharmacological approach to the treatment of ARDS accompanied by a “cytokine storm”.

scholarly journals Prophylactic and Therapeutic Administration of Leutragin Increases the Survival Rate of Animals in a Model of Fatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Biomeditsina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
V. N. Karkischenko ◽  
I. A. Pomytkin ◽  
M. T. Gasanov ◽  
M. S. Nesterov ◽  
Yu. V. Fokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

This study aims to investigate effects of leutragin, an opioid peptide analogue of endogenous dynorphin 1-6, on animal survival in an experimental model of “cytokine storm” and fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in C57Bl/6Y mice under different administration regimens. The aforementioned factors cause a severe course of COVID-19, which explains the current interest in seeking new treatments for ARDS. It was shown that both the prophylactic (before ARDS induction) and therapeutic (after ARDS induction) administration of leutragin in a combined mode — intramuscular injection plus inhalation leads to a statistically significant increase in the survival rate of animals. Compared to the control, leutragin significantly reduced the risk of death in animals with ARDS. The discovered prophylactic effect of leutragin deserves special attention due to its potential in preventing the onset of the disease and impeding the development of severe lung damage, thus reducing the risk of ARDS and fatal outcomes. Thus, the use of leutragin can be seen as a new effective approach to the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases associated with a “cytokine storm” and ARDS, including the coronavirus infection COVID-19.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and inhalation injury recovered after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation along with direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Jang ◽  
Hang Jea Jang ◽  
Hyun-Kuk Kim ◽  
Jin Han Park ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Direct Hemoperfusion

Abstract Background Inhalation injury from smoke or chemical products and carbon monoxide poisoning are major causes of death in burn patients from fire accidents. Respiratory tract injuries from inhalation injury and carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome. In the case of acute respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation accompanied by cytokine storm, mortality is high and immediate adequate treatment at the emergency department is very important. Case presentation This report describes a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm followed by carbon monoxide poisoning in a 34-year-old Korean male patient who was in a house fire, and was successfully treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column at emergency department. Conclusions To prevent mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome with cytokine storm from inhalation injury and to promote a better prognosis, we suggest that early implication of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation along with direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column even at the emergency department should be considered.

Cytokine storm syndrome in SARS-CoV-2: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Noshaba Rani ◽  
Muhammad Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Human Contact

Abstract After wreaking havoc on a global level with a total of 5,488,825 confirmed cases and 349,095 deaths as of May 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is truly living up to the expectations of a 21st-century pandemic. Since the major cause of mortality is a respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome, the only present-day management option is supportive as the transmission relies solely on human-to-human contact. Patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be tested for hyper inflammation to screen those for whom immunosuppression can increases chances of survival. As more and more clinical data surfaces, it suggests patients with mild or severe cytokine storms are at greater risk of failing fatally and hence these cytokine storms should be targets for treatment in salvaging COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol Modulates Cytokine Storm in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Simulated Viral Infection Using Synthetic RNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Khodadadi ◽  
Évila Lopes Salles ◽  
Abbas Jarrahi ◽  
Fairouz Chibane ◽  
Vincenzo Costigliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Storm

scholarly journals Immunosuppression is associated with a lower risk of moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Monreal ◽  
Susana Sainz de la Maza ◽  
Pedro Gullón ◽  
Elena Natera-Villalba ◽  
Juan Luis Chico-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that has spread rapidly worldwide. The role of immunosuppression among COVID-19 patients has not been elucidated and management may be challenging.OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in severe outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 according to immune system state.DESIGN: Retrospective single-center observational study with confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal from March 18, 2020 to April 04, 2020. The final date of follow-up was April 09, 2020.PARTICIPANTS: Confirmed COVID-19 patients.MAIN MEASURES: The primary endpoint was development of moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Time to moderate-severe ARDS, the need for mechanical or non-invasive ventilation (MV/NIV), death, and a composite of death or MV/NIV were secondary endpoints.KEY RESULTS: Of 138 patients included, 29 (21%) were immunocompromised (IC), with 95 (68.8%) male patients and a median (IQR) age of 68 (54 – 78) years. Among the baseline characteristics, no relevant or significant differences were observed between IC and non-immunocompromised (non-IC) patients. A significantly lower proportion of IC patients (24.1% [95% CI, 11.4 – 44.0%]) compared to non-IC patients (49.5% [95% CI, 40.1 – 59.0%]) developed moderate-severe ARDS, in both unadjusted (OR 0.32 [95% CI, 0.13 – 0.82], p=0.018) and adjusted (aOR 0.16 [95% CI, 0.05 – 0.52], p=0.003) analyses. A positive non-significant trend toward a longer time to moderate or severe ARDS, a lower need for MV/NIV, and a lower risk of death or MV/NIV were detected in IC. A trend toward a shorter- hospitalization in IC was observed.CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of COVID-19 patients, immunosuppression was associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe ARDS. This suggests a potential protective effect from a hypothesized host hyper-inflammatory response and warrants reconsideration of drug discontinuation in IC patients.

scholarly journals Recovery of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with tocilizumab: successful outcome in two critically ill patients

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Cala-García ◽  
Juan David Sierra-Bretón ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Cavelier-Baiz ◽  
Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pérez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Prior Administration

Background: Severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 is a challenge for nowadays medical practice. Although there is no clarity in the principal mechanism of lung damage and ARDS development, it has been suggested that one of the main reasons of this pathology is the hyperactivation of the immune system, better known as cytokine storm syndrome. Tocilizumab has been proposed to treat COVID-19 severe cases associated to ARDS. Results & methodology: Here we present two successful cases of tocilizumab administration in two COVID-19 patients with prior administration of antiviral therapy (hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir and ritonavir) with adequate response and resolution of ARDS, septic shock and severe pneumonia within the first 72 h. Discussion & conclusion: This case supports the usage of tocilizumab as an effective therapy in COVID-19 associated cytokine storm syndrome. Further studies should be done in order to assess its effectiveness and security.

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