Political Toasting in the Age of Revolutions: Britain, America and France, 1765–1800

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Duthille
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Civic Celebrations

This chapter examines the emergence of political toasting in revolutionary France and during the ‘age of revolutions’ in Britain and America from 1765 to around 1800. Drinking and toasting were integral to the expression of popular politics. Contemporaries and historians have used toast lists as precious, if rough, indexes of popular opinion and, during the 1790s, as evidence of sympathy for the French Revolution and transnational republicanism. Toasting was a common practice in the American colonies and the young republic, and was adopted later in France. David Waldstreicher has shown the crucial role of civic celebrations and convivial gatherings in the forging of a new, republican identity during the American Revolution and in the early years of the republic. In his work on Ireland, Martyn Powell showed how toasting, while drawing on English and American symbolism, displayed an increasing sense of Irishness after the 1760s.

Das ‚Etwas nach dem Nichts‘: Marie-Louise von Motesiczkys Gemälde Gespräch in der Bibliothek

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Susanna Brogi ◽  
Elisabeth Gallas
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
Book Collections

Abstract Marie-Louise von Motesiczky’s painting Gespräch in der Bibliothek (Conversation in the Library) relates back to a specific historical constellation insofar as it highlights the interwoven stories of Elias Canetti, Franz Baermann Steiner, and the painter herself, but also of H. G. Adler during the early years of their British exile. Although the painting does not include and likely does not even explicitly refer to H. G. Adler, he saved Steiner’s library from destruction, which made him an integral part of the intellectual exchange that is depicted here, since the library plays a central role in the portrait. Numerous notes and letters in Steiner’s and Adler’s estates testify to the close net of all four protagonists. The article discusses the crucial role of book collections as a mainstay of the three authors’ self-conception and intellectual self-positioning in the wake of the Holocaust, and the continuing impact of this intellectual network visible throughout the dispersed papers of the authors and the painter.

La sinistra e la destra nella Francia politica

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Vincent Duclert
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Future ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Republic

The recent presidential elections in 2012 have shown that left-right cleavage was still dominant in France. The redistribution of political forces, strongly awaited by the center (but also by the extremes) did not take place. At the same time, the major issues, such the European unification, the future of the nation, the future of the Republic, the role of the state, continue to cross left and right fields, revealing other cleavages that meet other historical or philosophical contingencies. However, the left-right opposition in France structured contemporary political life, organizing political families, determining the meaning and practice of institutions. Thence, the question is to understand what defines these two political fields and what history brings to their knowledge since the French Revolution, or they are implemented

scholarly journals Jesuits in the North American Colonies and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-112
Author(s):  
Catherine O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Colonial New England ◽  
American Society ◽  
British Colonies

Abstract From Eusebio Kino to Daniel Berrigan, and from colonial New England to contemporary Seattle, Jesuits have built and disrupted institutions in ways that have fundamentally shaped the Catholic Church and American society. As Catherine O’Donnell demonstrates, Jesuits in French, Spanish, and British colonies were both evangelists and agents of empire. John Carroll envisioned an American church integrated with Protestant neighbors during the early years of the republic; nineteenth-century Jesuits, many of them immigrants, rejected Carroll’s ethos and created a distinct Catholic infrastructure of schools, colleges, and allegiances. The twentieth century involved Jesuits first in American war efforts and papal critiques of modernity, and then (in accord with the leadership of John Courtney Murray and Pedro Arrupe) in a rethinking of their relationship to modernity, to other faiths, and to earthly injustice. O’Donnell’s narrative concludes with a brief discussion of Jesuits’ declining numbers, as well as their response to their slaveholding past and involvement in clerical sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Arbitration: the sheepowners and the shearers

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Labour History

In late 1981 I attended the NZ Historical Association's annual conference at Victoria University, and heard a paper given by Jim Holt on the arbitration system in the early years of the 20th century. At the time I was beginning to work my way into the subject of labour history and the crucial role of arbitration, by looking at rural trade unions in particular. I found Jim Holt's paper particularly interesting and remember discussing with him briefly afterwards the extent to which awards were a means of disciplining and controlling workers such as shearers and threshing-mill hands. It is especially pleasing to see that work and his other already published articles coming together in book form at long last I subsequently sent him a paper of my own which he commented on in a letter saying: 'I haven't spent much time on rural workers partly because the most critical episode for the history of arbitration was well covered by Brendan Thompson (in his thesis on the Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Labourers' application for an award in 1907-8)." He also suggested that he was pushing forward his research on the arbitration system: "The 1930s I haven't thought about much yet but I am getting there gradually. Am about to work on the 1920s." I found his open and responsive approach welcome indeed.

E Pluribus Unum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Political System ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Do So

This book examines the role of the common law in the life and politics of Great Britain’s North American colonies from the founding of Virginia in 1607 to the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775–76. The main theme of the book is that when the different colonies were initially founded, they followed very different law—typically not the common law of England. But over the course of the seventeenth century and first half of the eighteenth century, the colonies all received the common law, with the result that by the 1750s the common law constituted the foundation of every colony’s law and every colony’s political system. Some of the colonies adopted the common law because of pressure from the Crown to do so, but others turned to the common law because of socioeconomic pressures on the ground. During the more than century-long process of reception, the common law gradually changed, and thus, what was on the ground in 1776 was not identical to the common law of England. Rather, it was a body of rules that would constitute a foundation for an Americanized version of the common law.

The Parliament

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Parliamentary Oversight

This chapter outlines the role of the Indian Parliament in the domain of foreign policy. It shows how the legislature can shape and even check executive decisions. Contrary to popular accounts, the chapter argues that Indian Prime Ministers have found themselves more vulnerable than otherwise accepted to the push and pull tensions of parliamentary oversight. This was amply clear in their approach to treaties, alliances, territorial agreements, and war and peace more generally. The chapter looks carefully at single-party governments in the early years of the republic and their relationship with the Indian Parliament in the making of foreign policy. It goes on to study the experience of governments and the execution of foreign policy in the twenty-first century, whilst also examining the role of state legislatures and regional politics.

The Strange History of the Right to Bear Arms in the French Revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-479
Author(s):  
Noah Shusterman
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Social Domination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The French Revolution

Abstract French Revolutionaries shared many of the same beliefs as their American counterparts about the relationship between citizenship and bearing arms. Both nations’ leaders viewed standing armies as a threat to freedom, and both nations required militia participation from a portion of the citizenry. Yet the right to bear arms is a legacy only of the American Revolution. The right to bear arms came up several times in debates in France’s National Assembly. The deputies never approved that right, but they never denied it either. During the first years of the Revolution, the leading politicians were wary of arming poor citizens, a concern that was in tension with the egalitarian language of the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Moreover, militias thrived during the early years of the French Revolution and became instruments—albeit unstable ones—for maintaining a social domination that played out along class lines. In response to the contradictions in their positions, French revolutionary leaders remained silent on the issue. In France as in the United States, the question of whether or not there was a right to bear arms was less important than the question of who had the right to bear arms.

scholarly journals Upaya Gastrodiplomasi Indonesia di Korea Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Johanna Imanuella ◽  
Maria Indira Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Human Need ◽  
The Republic

History has recorded the crucial role of food in life. More than just abasic human need, food can be a unifying and dividing society, furtherdemonstrating its crucial role in civilization. This led to the emergenceof the practice of gastrodiplomacy — a practice of cross-border culturaldiplomacy through food. Indonesia is one of the countries that haspracticed gastrodiplomacy by empowering its culinary pride. One of thedestinations for Indonesian gastrodiplomacy is North Korea. On variousoccasions, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Pyongyang has oftenpromoted Indonesian food through cooking demonstrations, bazaars,or various formal banquets. Besides, Indonesia has also opened its firstIndonesian product outlet in Pyongyang, which markets Indonesian foodproducts. This article aims to show Indonesia’s gastrodiplomacy efforts inNorth Korea and map them based on various gastrodiplomacy campaignstrategies.

The Second Empire of Haiti and the Exiled Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-200
Author(s):  
Chelsea Stieber
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Republic

This chapter analyzes two concepts of “civilization”—the Western, dominant notion and its critique—at work and in tension between imperial Haiti and the republic-in-exile. Among exiled republicans, a refined, nonviolent notion of “civilization” and “culture” sought to cultivate and rehabilitate Haiti’s image in France. In imperial Haiti, on the other hand, Soulouque staked a challenge to the exclusionary, racialized notion of “civilization” itself through an active cultivation of popular religion and culture. A first section analyzes the role of visual and popular culture in Soulouque’s empire as part of the Dessalinean heritage of citation, iteration, and critique of the concept of Western civilization or “modernity.” Next, it consider the parallel—but opposite—effort among exiled republicans to allegorize and retell the story of the founding of the Haitian republic precisely according to the dominant norm of Western civilization, establishing Haiti’s parentage with the French Revolution and the liberal Enlightenment values of 1789. Ultimately, the chapter reveals that the form of the Haitian state and the heritage of 1804 were still highly contested well into the mid-nineteenth century.

Governance through Documents: The Board of Trade, Its Archive, and the Imperial Constitution of the Eighteenth-Century British Atlantic World

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-290
Author(s):  
Asheesh Kapur Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
British Atlantic ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
British Atlantic World ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
British State

AbstractThis article examines the role of documents, their circulation, and their archivization in the enactment of the imperial constitution of the British Empire in the Atlantic world during the long eighteenth century. It focuses on the Board of Trade's dispatch of “Instructions” and “Queries” to governors in the American colonies, arguing that it was through the circulation of these documents and the use of archives that the board sought to enforce constitutional norms of bureaucratic conduct and the authority of central institutions of imperial administration. In the absence of a singular, codified written constitution, the British state relied upon a variety of different kinds of documents to forge the imperial Atlantic into a governed space. The article concludes by pointing to the continuing centrality of documents and archives to the bureaucratic manifestation of the imperial constitution in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document