Human Rights and Community-led Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Cislaghi
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
West African ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Education And Development

How can we best empower people living in the most economically disadvantaged areas of the world to improve their lives in ways that matter to them? This book investigates work of the NGO Tostan as a working model of human development. The study is grounded in the ethnographic study of the actual change that happened in one West African village. The result is a powerful mix of theory and practice that questions existing approaches to development and that speaks to both development scholars and practitioners. Divided into three parts, the book firstly assesses why top-down approaches to education and development are unhelpful and offers a theoretical understanding of what constitutes helpful development. Part two examines Tostan's community-based participatory approach as an example of a helpful development intervention, and offers qualitative evidence of its effectiveness. Part three builds a model of how community-led development works, why it is helpful, and what practitioners can do to help people at the grassroots level lead their own human development.

scholarly journals Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Conroy ◽  
Aisha Y. Malik ◽  
Catherine Hale ◽  
Catherine Weir ◽  
Alan Brockie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

Abstract Background Medical ethics has recently seen a drive away from multiple prescriptive approaches, where physicians are inundated with guidelines and principles, towards alternative, less deontological perspectives. This represents a clear call for theory building that does not produce more guidelines. Phronesis (practical wisdom) offers an alternative approach for ethical decision-making based on an application of accumulated wisdom gained through previous practice dilemmas and decisions experienced by practitioners. Phronesis, as an ‘executive virtue’, offers a way to navigate the practice virtues for any given case to reach a final decision on the way forward. However, very limited empirical data exist to support the theory of phronesis-based medical decision-making, and what does exist tends to focus on individual practitioners rather than practice-based communities of physicians. Methods The primary research question was: What does it mean to medical practitioners to make ethically wise decisions for patients and their communities? A three-year ethnographic study explored the practical wisdom of doctors (n = 131) and used their narratives to develop theoretical understanding of the concepts of ethical decision-making. Data collection included narrative interviews and observations with hospital doctors and General Practitioners at all stages in career progression. The analysis draws on neo-Aristotelian, MacIntyrean concepts of practice- based virtue ethics and was supported by an arts-based film production process. Results We found that individually doctors conveyed many different practice virtues and those were consolidated into fifteen virtue continua that convey the participants’ ‘collective practical wisdom’, including the phronesis virtue. This study advances the existing theory and practice on phronesis as a decision-making approach due to the availability of these continua. Conclusion Given the arguments that doctors feel professionally and personally vulnerable in the context of ethical decision-making, the continua in the form of a video series and app based moral debating resource can support before, during and after decision-making reflection. The potential implications are that these theoretical findings can be used by educators and practitioners as a non-prescriptive alternative to improve ethical decision-making, thereby addressing the call in the literature, and benefit patients and their communities, as well.

scholarly journals Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Conroy ◽  
Aisha Y Malik ◽  
Catherine Hale ◽  
Catherine Weir ◽  
Alan Brockie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

Abstract Background Medical ethics has recently seen a drive away from multiple prescriptive approaches, where physicians are inundated with guidelines and principles, towards alternative, less deontological perspectives. This represents a clear call for theory building that does not produce more guidelines. Phronesis (practical wisdom) offers an alternative approach for ethical decision-making based on an application of accumulated wisdom gained through previous practice dilemmas and decisions experienced by practitioners. Phronesis, as an ‘executive virtue’, offers a way to navigate the practice virtues for any given case to reach a final decision on the way forward. However, very limited empirical data exist to support the theory of phronesis -based medical decision-making, and what does exist tends to focus on individual practitioners rather than practice-based communities of physicians. Methods The primary research question was: What does it mean to medical practitioners to make ethically wise decisions for patients and their communities? A three-year ethnographic study explored the practical wisdom of doctors (n=131) and used their narratives to develop theoretical understanding of the concepts of ethical decision-making. Data collection included narrative interviews and observations with hospital doctors and General Practitioners at all stages in career progression. The analysis draws on neo-Aristotelian, MacIntyrean concepts of practice- based virtue ethics and was supported by an arts-based film production process. Results We found that individually doctors conveyed many different practice virtues and those were consolidated into fifteen virtue continua that convey the participants’ ‘collective practical wisdom’, including the phronesis virtue. This study advances the existing theory and practice on phronesis as a decision-making approach due to the availability of these continua. Conclusion Given the arguments that doctors feel professionally and personally vulnerable in the context of ethical decision-making, the continua in the form of a video series and app based moral debating resource can support before, during and after decision-making reflection. The potential implications are that these theoretical findings can be used by educators and practitioners as a non-prescriptive alternative to improve ethical decision-making, thereby addressing the call in the literature, and benefit patients and their communities, as well.

scholarly journals Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Conroy ◽  
Aisha Y Malik ◽  
Catherine Hale ◽  
Catherine Weir ◽  
Alan Brockie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

Abstract Background Medical ethics has recently seen a drive away from multiple prescriptive approaches, where physicians are inundated with guidelines and principles, towards alternative, less deontological perspectives. This represents a clear call for theory building that does not produce more guidelines. Phronesis (practical wisdom) offers an alternative approach for ethical decision-making based on an application of accumulated wisdom gained through previous practice dilemmas and decisions experienced by practitioners. Phronesis, as an ‘executive virtue’, offers a way to navigate the practice virtues for any given case to reach a final decision on the way forward. However, very limited empirical data exist to support the theory of phronesis -based medical decision-making, and what does exist tends to focus on individual practitioners rather than practice-based communities of physicians. Methods The primary research question was: What does it mean to medical practitioners to make ethically wise decisions for patients and their communities? A three-year ethnographic study explored the practical wisdom of doctors (n=131) and used their narratives to develop theoretical understanding of the concepts of ethical decision-making. Data collection included narrative interviews and observations with hospital doctors and General Practitioners at all stages in career progression. The analysis draws on neo-Aristotelian, MacIntyrean concepts of practice- based virtue ethics and was supported by an arts-based film production process. Results We found that individually doctors conveyed many different practice virtues and those were consolidated into fifteen virtue continua that convey the participants’ ‘collective practical wisdom’, including the phronesis virtue. This study advances the existing theory and practice on phronesis as a decision-making approach due to the availability of these continua. Conclusion Given the arguments that doctors feel professionally and personally vulnerable in the context of ethical decision-making, the continua in the form of a video series and app based moral debating resource can support before, during and after decision-making reflection. The potential implications are that these theoretical findings can be used by educators and practitioners as a non-prescriptive alternative to improve ethical decision-making, thereby addressing the call in the literature, and benefit patients and their communities, as well.

The problem of reflection in German philosophy of the XVIII - XIX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Checal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Self Knowledge

This study focuses on a conceptual representation of the metaphysical and non-classical context of reflection in its subjective dichotomous understanding. The author successively reviews the specifics of reflection, as well as the features of methodology of cognition and self-knowledge in the context of determining the values and priorities of human development and consciousness. The article also includes an overview of the main categories of reflection through a breakdown of theoretical relationships and the most important conceptual discourses. The theoretical significance of the problem of cognition and self-knowledge is determined by the central role of man in society and history. The analysis shows that the methodology of cognition and self-knowledge should be based on the principles of axiological disengagement, a combination of logical and historical aspect, as well as on the coherence of theory and practice.

scholarly journals All Is Good, but Not Really: Daily Reports of Satisfaction With Home- and Community-Based Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 639-640
Author(s):  
Jyoti Savla ◽  
Karen Roberto ◽  
Aubrey Knight ◽  
Rosemary Blieszner ◽  
Brandy Renee McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Rural Caregivers ◽  
Service Expectations ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Barriers To Health ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract An extensive body of literature documents correlates of and barriers to health service use, yet much less is known about satisfaction with home- and community-based services for persons with dementia (PwD). Daily diary data from 122 rural caregivers (CG) of PwD (814 daily diaries) were used to assess everyday service use experiences. At the last diary interview, CG identified areas where service use expectations were and were not being met. CGs reported problems with services used on fewer than 5% of study days (e.g., service provider was delayed because of car trouble). In contrast, 82% of CG identified areas where service expectations were not being met. Their most common concerns were lack of control over service availability and lack of adequate training among service providers. Recommendations for alternative ways for capturing service use satisfaction will be offered, and implications for theory and practice will be discussed.

“Depends who it is”: Towards a relational understanding of the use of adult-child touch in residential child care

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502199087
Author(s):  
Lisa Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Residential Child Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Emergent Literature

This article theorises adult-child touch in residential child care as a relational practice, contributing to an emergent literature on residential child care, and conceptualises residential child care as a Lifespace. It responds to an on-going debate surrounding the use of touch in the sector, which has attracted academic attention since the early 1990s as a result of abuse scandals, the ensuing ‘no touch’ policies and a growing body of research identifying touch as an important aspect of child development. The paper draws upon a six-month ethnographic study of residential child care, which was explicitly designed to observe everyday interactions between residential care workers and young people. The findings suggest that touch cannot be discussed in isolation from either relationships or a contextual understanding of relationships in the specific context of residential child care. The study found that touch is unavoidable, relational and that dichotomous understandings of touch continue to present issues for both theory and practice.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Psychodynamic Approach and System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Russell Fulmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Dynamic Theory ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Psychodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Psychodynamic Approach ◽  
The World

AbstractPsychodynamic theory and practice has evolved from its psychoanalytic roots. The modern psychodynamic approach is among the most inclusive and versatile schools of thought available to therapists. With both cross-cultural application and a growing evidence base, psychodynamic therapy is practiced in many countries and cultures around the world. The dynamic approach is a system that touches on human development, personality, mental disorders, and of course, therapy. This article presents an overview of contemporary dynamic theory, its underlying philosophy, and its main objectives. 

scholarly journals Containment: Exploring the concept of agency in children’s statutory encounters with social workers

Childhood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Morrison ◽  
Viviene Cree ◽  
Gillian Ruch ◽  
Karen Michelle Winter ◽  
Mark Hadfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Children’S Agency

This article examines children’s agency in their interactions with social workers during statutory encounters in a child protection context. It draws from a UK-wide ethnographic study. It finds that much of social workers’ responses to children’s agency in this context are best understood as a form of ‘containment’. In doing so, it offers an original and significant contribution to the theoretical understanding of children’s agency, as well as its application in social work practice.

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