Voices of Consent: Imperial Rhetoricians, Theatra and Patronage

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-102
Author(s):  
Florin Leonte
Keyword(s):  
Standard Set ◽  
Rhetorical Dimension ◽  
Intense Activity

The chapter argues that, unlike the ecclesiastics, the rhetoricians maintained the idea of the ruler’s omnipotence. To a certain extent, their attachment to Manuel II Palaiologos and to the imperial absolutist idea can be correlated with their individual immediate concerns: the emperor was still one of the major patrons of literary activities and could also provide positions at court or other benefits deriving from his largesse. Remarkably, most of the rhetoricians’ texts added to the standard set of imperial virtues one particular image: the emperor as eloquent rhetorician and educator of both his son and his subjects. By stressing the pedagogical and the rhetorical dimension of the imperial persona, these rhetoricians reworked the old idea of the philosopher-king into an idea of emperor-rhetorician who acted as a teacher in a quest to improve his governing. Finally, their intense activity in promoting the emperor is indicative of the emperor’s efforts to cultivate court-rhetorical activities, a situation which contrasted with his father’s, John V’s, approach.

Ethics of Conducting Virtual Ethnography on Visual Platforms

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Kayla Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Virtual Ethnography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Diverse Groups

For scholars, the internet provides a space to study diverse groups of people across the world and can be a useful way to bypass physical gender segregation and travel constraints. Despite the potential for new insights into people’s everyday life and increased attention from scholars, there is no standard set of ethics for conducting virtual ethnography on visually based platforms, like YouTube and Instagram. While publicly accessible social media posts are often understood to be a part of the public domain and thus do not require a researcher to obtain a user’s consent before publishing data, caution must be taken when studying members of a vulnerable community, especially those who have a history of surveillance, like African-American Muslims. Using a womanist approach, the author provides recommendations for studying vulnerable religious groups online, based on a case study of a YouTube channel, Muslimah2Muslimah, operated by two African-American Muslim women. The article provides an important contribution to the field of media studies because the author discusses a “dead” online community, where users no longer comment on the videos and do not maintain their own profiles, making obtaining consent difficult and the potential risks of revealing information to an unknown community hard to gauge.

Importance of the universal precautions among health care personnel and its impact against Covid-19 spread - A survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 675-684
Author(s):  
Preethi Shankar ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Universal Precaution ◽  
Universal Precautions ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Universal precautions are a vital standard set of rules applied to be followed by patients and doctors while carrying out any clinical procedure, but especially in patients with blood-borne diseases or infections. It is carried out to prevent the spread of infection from one person to another. Universal precautions are of great significance to medical personnel, where they expose themselves to numerous infectious diseases. The research aimed to assess and improve knowledge about universal precautions among health care personnel to reduce the rate of harmful exposure and infections among them. A questionnaire comprising 20 questions was created and circulated among 100 health care workers through the online platform "Google forms". The results were collected and analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. It was evident that many people were not aware of the seriousness of universal precautions. Fortunately, many medical personals followed and were aware of universal precaution to an extent. Universal precaution should be followed religiously and judiciously to prevent the spread of deadly diseases.

A standard set of testing methods reliably enumerates spores across commercial milk powders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Murphy ◽  
D. Kent ◽  
J. Skeens ◽  
M. Wiedmann ◽  
N.H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Testing Methods ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Commercial Milk

Understanding Indicator Choice for the Assessment of RD&D Financing of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Sonnenschein
Keyword(s):  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Rapid decarbonization requires additional research, development, and demonstration of low-carbon energy technologies. Various financing instruments are in place to support this development. They are frequently assessed through indicator-based evaluations. There is no standard set of indicators for this purpose. This study looks at the Nordic countries, which are leading countries with respect to eco-innovation. Different indicators to assess financing instruments are analysed with respect to their acceptance, the ease of monitoring, and their robustness. None of the indicators emerges as clearly superior from the analysis. Indicator choice is subject to trade-offs and leaves room for steering evaluation results in a desired direction. The study concludes by discussing potential policy implications of biases in indicator-based evaluation.

scholarly journals AB0116 THE EFFECTS OF DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS ON PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES; PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1087.1-1087
Author(s):  
M. Van den Dikkenberg, Msc ◽  
N. Luurssen-Masurel ◽  
M. Kuijper ◽  
M. R. Kok ◽  
P. De Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Disease Modifying

Background:The need to involve patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases, since PROs quantify patient relevant outcomes. Although PROs have been incorporated in the core-outcome sets in clinical trials, knowledge about the treatment effects on these PROs is scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review on the effects of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of any type, on relevant PRO domains mentioned in the ICHOM standard set. This might support rheumatologists and RA patients during treatment decisions.Objectives:To get insight in the treatment effects of DMARDs of any type on three PRO domains that matter to patients (pain, activity limitations and fatigue).Methods:A systematic review was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Included were all studies that were published before August 2019 and showed DMARD treatment effects in RA on PROs that are part of the ICHOM standard set. Three Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed for the PRO domains pain, activity limitations and fatigue. Preliminary results of DMARDs (in)directly compared to placebo were visualized by forest plots using R.Results:The search strategy yielded n=5974 articles. After selection was performed by 2 independent researchers, n=70 individual articles representing n=53 studies were extracted, over the three PRO domains; pain (n=31), activity limitations (n=41) and fatigue (n=21). In all RCTs, PROs were only reported as secondary or tertiary endpoints. In figure 1, we show the effects on PROs for any type of DMARD investigated compared to placebo. Overall, DMARDs show a greater reduction in pain (standardized mean difference (SMD); -0.97 – -0.22) and most of them in activity limitations (SMD; -0.81 – 0.56). In fatigue, this clear direction is lacking (SMD; -0.86 – 3.5). csDMARDs and anti-TNF seem to perform slightly, but nog significantly, worse than other bDMARDs and tsDMARDs in the first two domains.Conclusion:Within in this systematic review we report a reduction for DMARDs of any type on the domains of pain and activity limitations compared to placebo. However, results are still preliminary and should be interpreted with care. A more comprehensive network analysis might give a more definitive answer which DMARD performs best.Figure 1.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The effect of organizational arrangements on people with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers in Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Meza-Torres ◽  
S Cunningham ◽  
G Leese ◽  
S de Lusignan ◽  
F Carinci
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Case Mix ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Diabetes Register

Abstract Background A recent meta-analysis showed that specific organizational arrangements may decrease the risk of lower extremity amputations among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affected by foot ulcers (DFU). We aim to translate these results into algorithms to extract cohorts from routine data from the Scottish Diabetes Register (SCI-Diabetes). We used models to estimate the actual effectiveness of different practices and discuss transferability of the approach to other contexts e.g. the English database of general practitioners. Methods A multidisciplinary team mapped the Scottish database to the outputs of meta-analysis, adopting the standard set for diabetes of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement. Algorithms extracted a standardized retrospective cohort for 2016-2019. Records up to 5 years before first entry into the cohort were used for case-mix. Proportional hazards were used for multivariate modelling. Results were expressed in terms of hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results In 2016-2019, a total of 275,386 adults with T2D were registered in SCI-diabetes. Among them, 1,843 (0.66%) had an amputation, of which 777(42%) had a previous DFU diagnosis. We applied the criteria derived from meta-analysis and the definitions of the diabetes standard set to calculate columns included in the case-mix for predictive modelling. The refinement of multivariate models is still in progress and all adjusted hazard ratios will be included in the revised version of this abstract to be presented at the Conference. Conclusions Epidemiological evidence on diabetes care can be directly translated into algorithms for extracting dynamic cohorts from high quality diabetes registers. Results can be generalised to different types of national databases, adjusting for the heterogeneous dataset structures. Key messages Sets of criteria and definitions adopted for the conduction of meta-analyses can be translated into algorithms to extract cohorts and test models of real-world evidence from routine national databases. The Scottish Diabetes Register was successfully used to confirm the effectiveness of organizational arrangements in diabetes in normal practice.

scholarly journals Development of an international standard set of patient-centred outcome measures for overall paediatric health: a consensus process

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320345
Author(s):  
Beatrix Algurén ◽  
Jessily P Ramirez ◽  
Matthew Salt ◽  
Nick Sillett ◽  
Stacie N Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delphi Process ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Paediatric Health

ObjectiveTo develop an Overall Pediatric Health Standard Set (OPH-SS) of outcome measures that captures what matters to young people and their families and recognising the biopsychosocial aspects of health for all children and adolescents regardless of health condition.DesignA modified Delphi process.SettingThe International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement convened an international Working Group (WG) comprised of 23 international experts from 12 countries in the field of paediatrics, family medicine, psychometrics as well as patient advisors. The WG participated in 11 video-conferences, through a modified Delphi process and 9 surveys between March 2018 and January 2020 consensus was reached on a final recommended health outcome standard set. By a literature review conducted in March 2018, 1136 articles were screened for clinician and patient-reported or proxy-reported outcomes. Further, 4315 clinical trials and 12 paediatric health surveys were scanned. Between November 2019 and January 2020, the final standard set was endorsed by a patient validation (n=270) and a health professional (n=51) survey.ResultsFrom a total of 63 identified outcomes, consensus was formed on a standard set of outcome measures that comprises 10 patient-reported outcomes, 5 clinician-reported measures, and 6 case-mix variables. The four developmental age-specific packages (ie, 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, 18–24 years) include either five or six measures with an average time for completion of 20 min.ConclusionsThe OPH-SS is a starting point to drive value-based paediatric healthcare delivery from a global perspective for enhancing child and adolescent physical health and psychosocial well-being.

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