Muslim Translators and Translations of the Qur'an into English

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wild
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Christian Missionary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

Until the 1940s, English translations of the Qur'an were (with the notable exception of translations by Indian Muslims early in the twentieth century) mostly undertaken by non-Muslims and viewed with some misgiving by most Muslim scholars. As late as 1929 the Egyptian al-Azhar, internationally regarded as the most prestigious Muslim organisation in the world, publically burnt a translation of the Qur'an, even though it had been translated by a Muslim. It was only well after the Second World War that the Egyptian authorities officially allowed the publication of a translation of the Qur'an. More recently, English translations by Muslims have proliferated and now flourish worldwide: as far as the number of Qur'an-translations is concerned, no other language is better represented. However, diverging English translations of the Qur'an have become more and more of a religious and political battleground. This article discusses the development of English from a ‘coloniser's language’ to an English ‘friendly to Islam’ – especially in India and Pakistan. It also sketches the impact of Christian missionary translations of the Qur'an into English and discusses the problems faced by scholars with regard to English as a powerful second language, specifically in terms of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an in Saudi Arabia, which has gradually taken prominence over Al-Azhar on the international stage since the 1980s.

Two Ways of Life

Aftershocks ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The World ◽  
Second World ◽  
Ways Of Life

This chapter examines the early Cold War period, focusing on how the two triumphant superpowers oversaw institutional waves that embodied their competing visions for the world. The aftermath of the Second World War left in place two rising powers, creating two institutional waves and two visions of the modern state. This rivalry set the tone for the rest of the twentieth century until the collapse of the Soviet alternative in the early 1990s. Both countries used their military might to impose their regimes on others through coercion. Both countries used their economic and diplomatic influence to exert political pressure and encourage other states to adopt their institutions. Both also created and used international institutions to shape and direct their power, and to embed both themselves and their followers in a web of political and economic linkages.

ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE TO THE VICTORY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR(BASED ON REPORTS BY EVACUATION BODIES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Khairiya A. Burieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Second World

The article provides information about the assistance provided by the Uzbek people to the evacuated population during the Second World War. It is interpreted that these processes are reflected in the reports of archival sources -evacuation organizations, their content, structure, factual materials, historical and source study significance are disclosed. Only in the twentieth century, two devastating world wars took place in the world, which claimed the lives of millions of people and the tragic consequences of the war left their mark on the lives of people. In this respect, the Second World War of 1939-1945 on the Eurasian continent was one of the most destructive wars in world history

The Impact of the New States on International Law

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
L. C. Green
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Free Will ◽  
International Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
New States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

There has been a growing tendency since the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 to differentiate general international law from the law of international organization. If one were to accept this bifurcation it would be necessary to deal with the impact of new States under two distinct rubrics. For the purpose of this paper it is more convenient to make no such distinction, but to deal with the effects of the creation of more than fifty new States since the end of the Second World War on international legal relations at large.One of the paradoxes of international law is that its binding authority rests to a great extent upon the consent of those it purports to bind. This consensual basis of international law finds expression in the judgment of the World Court in the S. S. Lotus: “The rules of law binding upon States emanate from their own free will as expressed in conventions or by usages generally accepted as expressing principles of law and established in order to regulate the relations between these co-existing independent communities or with a view to the achievement of common aims.”

‘Keeping in the race’: physics, publication speed and national publishing strategies in Nature, 1895–1939

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELINDA BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Scientific Periodical ◽  
The World ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Second World

AbstractBy the onset of the Second World War, the British scientific periodical Nature – specifically, Nature's ‘Letters to the editor’ column – had become a major publication venue for scientists who wished to publish short communications about their latest experimental findings. This paper argues that the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford was instrumental in establishing this use of the ‘Letters to the editor’ column in the early twentieth century. Rutherford's contributions set Nature apart from its fellow scientific weeklies in Britain and helped construct a defining feature of Nature's influence in the twentieth century. Rutherford's participation in the journal influenced his students and colleagues in the field of radioactivity physics and drew physicists like the German Otto Hahn and the American Bertram Borden Boltwood to submit their work to Nature as well, and Nature came to play a major role in spreading news of the latest research in the science of radioactivity. Rutherford and his colleagues established a pattern of submissions to the ‘Letters to the editor’ that would eventually be adopted by scientists from diverse fields and from laboratories around the world.

scholarly journals Fiction and Trauma from the Second World War to 9/11

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Crosthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Immediate Experience ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

This chapter looks at how contemporary British and Irish novelists reflect on the spasms of catastrophic violence that have punctuated the twentieth century and continue to define the twenty-first. These events not only traumatized individuals on a mass scale, but also dealt irrevocable damage to foundational assumptions concerning reason, progress, meaning, and language. Such weighty preoccupations, however, took some time to fully coalesce in the fiction of the post-Second World War period. There were few substantial treatments of the war in its immediate aftermath. When such responses began to appear in the 1950s, and swelled in number in the 1960s, they did so predominantly in the form of conventional social realist narratives concerned with the immediate experience of combat and the impact of the conflict on the structures of British and Irish society.

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

Marie Ulčová and her Contribution to the West Bohemian Museums

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Nela Štorková
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Second World

While today the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region represents just one of the departments of the Museum of West Bohemia in Pilsen, at the beginning of the twentieth century, in 1915, it emerged as an independent institution devoted to a study of life in the Pilsen region. Ladislav Lábek, the founder and long-time director, bears the greatest credit for this museum. This study presents PhDr. Marie Ulčová, who joined the museum shortly after the Second World War and in 1963 replaced Mr. Lábek on his imaginary throne. The main objective of this article is to introduce the personality of Marie Ulčová and to evaluate the activity of this Pilsen ethnographer and the museum employee with an emphasis on her work in the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region. The basic aspects of the ethnographic activities, not only of Marie Ulčová but also of the Ethnographic Museum of the Pilsen Region in the years 1963–1988, are described through her professional and popularising articles, archival sources and contemporary periodicals.

Alien Internment in John Galsworthy’s ‘The Bright Side’ and ‘The Dog It was that Died’

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Jill Felicity Durey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Internment Camp ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Second World ◽  
John Galsworthy

This article illuminates two short stories by John Galsworthy through examining them with the help of his diaries and letters, a handful of unpublished letters by his nephew from an internment camp and secondary historical sources. It argues that the stories, when read in conjunction with these sources, are highly revealing about human nature during Second World War and also about Galsworthy’s prescient fears concerning a second twentieth-century world war, which he did not live to see.

scholarly journals Second World War conflict archaeology in the forests of north-west Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1275-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Passmore ◽  
Stephan Harrison ◽  
David Capps Tunwell
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
World War ◽  
Conflict Archaeology ◽  
North West ◽  
Military Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

Concrete fortifications have long served as battle-scarred memorials of the Second World War. The forests of north-west Europe, meanwhile, have concealed a preserved landscape of earthwork field fortifications, military support structures and bomb- and shell-craters that promise to enhance our understanding of the conflict landscapes of the 1944 Normandy Campaign and the subsequent battles in the Ardennes and Hürtgenwald forests. Recent survey has revealed that the archaeology surviving in wooded landscapes can significantly enhance our understanding of ground combat in areas covered by forest. In particular, this evidence sheds new light on the logistical support of field armies and the impact of Allied bombing on German installations.

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