Scientific Language in the Latin Qur'ans of Robert of Ketton and Mark of Toledo

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Julian Yolles
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
Medical Jargon

This paper centres on the Latin translations of the Qur'an by Robert of Ketton (d. 1142–1143) and Mark of Toledo (d. 1209), as viewed within the context of their earlier translations of scientific works. In previous scholarship, the Latin Qur'ans of Robert of Ketton and Mark of Toledo have been studied with respect to linguistic features and considered separately from their translations of astrological and medical texts. This paper proposes to reunite these strands of translation activity by examining the ways in which scientific discourse influenced these Latin translations of the Qur'an. The paper demonstrates that the translators incorporated their scientific expertise into their translations of the Qur'an by employing terminology specific to their respective fields of astrology and medicine. On the basis of this new evidence, it is argued that Robert of Ketton sought to promote the study of astrology and astronomy, while Mark of Toledo's use of medical jargon formed part of a calculated polemical strategy in which he portrayed the spread of Islam as a disease to be treated by a physician.

scholarly journals Economic Globalization and the Welfare State in Affluent Democracies, 1975–2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brady ◽  
Jason Beckfield ◽  
Martin Seeleib-Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
State Variation ◽  
State Models ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
The Welfare State

Previous scholarship is sharply divided over how or if globalization influences welfare states. The effects of globalization may be positive causing expansion, negative triggering crisis and reduction, curvilinear contributing to convergence, or insignificant. We bring new evidence to bear on this debate with an analysis of three welfare state measures and a comprehensive array of economic globalization indicators for 17 affluent democracies from 1975 to 2001. The analysis suggests several conclusions. First, state-of-the-art welfare state models warrant revision in the globalization era. Second, most indicators of economic globalization do not have significant effects, but a few affect the welfare state and improve models of welfare state variation. Third, the few significant globalization effects are in differing directions and often inconsistent with extant theories. Fourth, the globalization effects are far smaller than the effects of domestic political and economic factors. Fifth, the effects of globalization are not systematically different between European and non-European countries, or liberal and non-liberal welfare regimes. Increased globalization and a modest convergence of the welfare state have occurred, but globalization does not clearly cause welfare state expansion, crisis, and reduction or convergence. Ultimately, this study suggests skepticism toward bold claims about globalization's effect on the welfare state.

scholarly journals The That-Trace Effect: Evidence from Spanish–English Code-Switching

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Bradley Hoot ◽  
Shane Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Embedded Clause ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
Subject Extraction ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Acceptability Judgment ◽  
Intense Research

The that-trace effect is the fact that many languages (like English) ban the extraction of embedded-clause subjects but not objects over an overt complementizer like that, while many other languages (like Spanish) allow such extractions. The effect and its cross-linguistic variation have been the subject of intense research but remain largely a mystery, with no clear consensus on their underpinnings. We contribute novel evidence to these debates by using Spanish–English code-switching (the use of two languages in one sentence) to test five contemporary theoretical accounts of the that-trace effect. We conducted a formal acceptability judgment experiment, manipulating the extracted argument and code-switch site to test different combinations of linguistic features. We found that subject extraction is only permitted in Spanish–English code-switching when both the C head (que ‘that’) and the T head (i.e., the verb) are in Spanish, but not when either functional head is in English. Our results demonstrate indirect support for two of the five theories we test, failing to support the other three. Our findings also provide new evidence in favor of the view that the that-trace effect is tightly linked to the availability of post-verbal subjects. Finally, we outline how our results can narrow the range of possible theoretical accounts, demonstrating how code-switching data can contribute to core questions in linguistic theory.

scholarly journals Linguistic Complexity across Two Early Modern English Scientific Text Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Jesús Romero-Barranco
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Language Typology ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Early English

In linguistics the concept of complexity has been analysed from various perspectives, among them language typology and the speech/writing distinction. Within intralinguistic studies, certain key linguistic features associated with reduced or increased complexity have been identified. These features occur in different patterns across various registers and their frequency is an indicator of the level of complexity of different kinds of texts. The concept of complexity has not, to date, been evaluated in early English medical writing, especiallyin terms of different text types. Thus, the present article analyses linguistic complexity in two Early Modern English medical texts, a surgical treatise (ff. 34r-73v) and a collection of medical recipes (ff. 74r-121v) housed as MS Hunter 135 in Glasgow University Library. Since they represent two different types of medical text, they can be productively compared in terms of linguistic complexity. The results obtained confirm that the surgical treatise is more complex than the collection of medical recipes owing to the higher presence of linguistic features denoting increased complexity in the former and of those indicating reduced linguistic complexity in the latter.

What the Single Bamboo Slip Found in Mawangdui Tomb M2 Tells Us about Text and Ritual in Early China

T oung Pao ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Luke Waring
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Early China ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Previous Scholarship

Abstract A single bamboo slip was found at Mawangdui tomb M2 inside the passageway leading to the pit where Li Cang (d. ca. 186 BCE), the Marquis of Dai and Prime Minister of Changsha, was buried. Though almost entirely unnoticed in previous scholarship, the M2 slip has much to tell us about the overlapping textual, ritual, administrative, and funerary practices of early Western Han China. I offer a description of the slip, translations of its contents, a consideration of how it was used at the tomb site, and an analysis of what its archaeological context tells us about the use of talismans in Western Han burials. Specifically, I show that the slip originally formed part of a multi-piece tomb inventory manuscript, and that it was removed and ritually deposited inside the passageway in order to protect the tomb from robbers and malevolent spirits.

Death among Coolies: Mortality of Chinese and Javanese Labourers on Sumatra in the Early Years of Recruitment, 1882–1909

Itinerario ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Marieke Van Klaveren
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Real ◽  
To Come ◽  
Plantation Society ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Previous Scholarship

Travel in search of a better future is an essential part of human history. This paper will examine one aspect of this phenomenon, that of migrating labourers, focusing on the migration and mortality of Javanese and Chinese labourers to the East Coast of Sumatra from 1869 to 1930. One of the goals of this investigation will be to better understand the condition in which they lived. The rate of mortality among Javanese and Chinese labourers is still based on appropriations, because previous scholarship focussed primarily on labour conditions on the plantations and not on the real evidence of mortality of the labourers. Perhaps this is because documentation in the early part of the period is incomplete and hard to come by. It is obvious, however, that from the outset of the plantation society, mortality was high. In Koelies, Planters en Koloniale Politiek, Jan Breman estimated that on Sumatra's East Coast one out of three or four coolies died before his contract had ended. However, reports of hospitals in the area are a source for new evidence about the mortality of the labourers in the early years of their recruitment. This paper will present this evidence.

scholarly journals Information and communicative component of an international scientific discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 10012
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Sibruk ◽  
Viktor Sibruk ◽  
Nadiia Senchylo-Tatlilioglu ◽  
Svitlana Lytvynska ◽  
Volodymyr Varenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract. For a comprehensive study of tropes and stylistic figures of the Ukrainian language is extremely important to learn the basic functions of tropes in the scientific linguistic articles. The actuality of the research topic is determined by the need of a systematic study of tropes and stylistic figures that are traditionally considered unusual for the text, but we will try to prove that they are relevant. In modern scientific literature, the expressive and emotional function is presented and implemented by the help of such tools as epithets and metaphors. The study of the linguistic features of scientific discourse is of great importance to find ways of explaining a certain material. The study, using a free associative experiment, has led to the conclusion that the use of artistic means and stylistic figures in the educational and scientific texts makes it possible to master the material better. Generally speaking, the use of artistic means in scientific texts is not widespread, but the student audience prefers these texts. The use of metaphors, epithets, phraseologisms, comparisons, periphrases in professional articles is an effective way of highlighting important elements of scientific discourse, forming the individual style of the researcher. If the text is addressed to the reader for educational purposes, the correct use of paths will facilitate the quickest possible understanding of the basic thought of the message. In our view, a promising direction is the further study of communicative analysis of tropes in scientific texts.

scholarly journals Metaphor In The Scientific Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Abdulhairova Firuza Invarovna
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Further Development

There was investigated the role of metaphor in the scientific discourse. The possibility to get clear and laconic information with metaphoric transfer was studied.The goal of this article was to determine the features of the metaphors in the scientific style texts.The scientific novelty was to determine the role of metaphor in the scientific texts and the possibility its use as a scientific term.Conclusion: 1) metaphor is an integral part of the scientific style texts and terminology systems of science, 2) it is an instrument of enrichment of the scientific language (the appearance of new terms, etc.), 3) almost all types of metaphor and metaphorical transfer are represented in the scientific style texts, 4) the evaluative-expressive metaphors are completely absent in the scientific texts, 5) figurative metaphors are used to convey scientific information in a more accessible and easy-to-understand form, 6) metaphor serves as a vector for the further development of scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals The Bonds of Brotherhood: New Evidence on Sino-North Korean Exchanges, 1950–1954

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Cathcart ◽  
Charles Kraus
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Previous Scholarship

Drawing on recently declassified documents from the archive of the Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China (PRC), this article looks at China's relationship with North Korea during and immediately after the Korean War. Although previous scholarship has touched on PRC-North Korean military ties during the war, this article is the first in-depth analysis of issues that are less well understood, notably China's efforts to cope with a huge influx of refugees from North Korea, the PRC's economic assistance during the war and in the early postwar reconstruction, and Chinese educational and ideological support for North Korean professionals and party cadres. The article shows that the extensive military coordination between Beijing and Pyongyang was only one way in which the war brought North Korea and the PRC into a closer relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document