scholarly journals Did Modernity End Polyvalence? Some Observations on Tolerance for Ambiguity in Sunni tafsīr

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-70
Author(s):  
Pieter Coppens
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Tolerance For Ambiguity ◽  
Q 53

The transition from a polyvalent premodern tafsīr tradition to a more monovalent modern tradition has been noted by several authors. This article tries to more precisely locate this shift through a case study of commentaries on Q. 53:11, on the controversy over whether the Prophet saw God. I intend to show that from the nineteenth century onwards there indeed was a decline of polyvalence in the discussion of this verse, culminating in a univocal choice for an angelic instead of a divine vision in the twentieth century. I claim that one of the main reasons for the decline of polyvalence on this particular issue is the rise of the trend to approach suras as a unity in tafsīr, instead of a more atomistic approach to separate verses which was more common in premodern tafsīr traditions. A claim sometimes made that the decline of polyvalence has to do with the rise of Salafism or ḥadīth-minded scholarship of the likes of Ibn Kathīr thus seems unjustified.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

Childbearing and Childrearing

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-43
Author(s):  
Brianna Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter lays the groundwork for the book’s use of the Crow Reservation in Montana as an extended case study. After providing an overview of Crow history to the late nineteenth century, the chapter sketches the parameters of a Crow birthing culture that prevailed in the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century. Crow women navigated pregnancy and childbirth within female generational networks; viewed childbirth as a sex-segregated social process; and placed their trust in the midwifery services of older women. The chapter further explores government employees’ attitudes toward and interventions in Indigenous pregnancy, childbirth, and especially family life in these years, as these ostensibly private domains emerged as touchstones in the federal government’s ongoing assimilation efforts.

The iemoto System and the Avant-Gardes in the Japanese Artistic Field: Bourdieu's Field Theory in Comparative Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Masaaki Morishita
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Nineteenth Century France

The conceptual framework of ‘field’ proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and his model of the literary and artistic fields in nineteenth-century France are widely applied to studies of the development of the literary and artistic fields in other regions and the fields of other cultural practices. These researches, while showing similarities to Bourdieu's model, reveal the distinct forms of nomos which those different fields developed through localised contingencies. In other words, their findings highlight the cultural specificity of the cases on which Bourdieu's field theory is based. The main purpose of this paper is to argue that the field theory can be beneficially applied to cross-cultural cases provided that its culturally specific elements are clearly identified. For this purpose, I focus on one particular aspect associated with the nomos of Bourdieu's model – the orientation toward autonomy – to argue for its cultural specificity, which becomes clearer when it is compared to a distinct case of the artistic field in early-twentieth-century Japan. My case study shows that the Japanese artistic field did not develop the same form of autonomy as Bourdieu's model, but it also discloses the processes in which a certain form of nomos was shaped through the struggles between the artistic field and other fields.

Alphabets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Latin Script

This chapter takes the Turkish Republican decision in 1928 to replace its official Arabic script with Latin script—the Alphabet Revolution—as a second case study in nonhuman biopolitical nostalgia. Comparing Turkey’s demolition of its alphabet to similar twentieth-century moments in other modernist states, and contextualizing this history within a reading of nineteenth-century proselytizing on so-called phonetic logic, the chapter explores the varied lives of both the “new” and the “old” alphabet. It concludes that a dead alphabet is, like embryonic matter, also a reproducing, thinking, and nostalgic assemblage. As such, it remains, as other data hoards have and do, very much alive and political, even when it is seemingly put to rest.

scholarly journals What Determined the Location of Industry in Belgium, 1896–1961?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Ronsse ◽  
Glenn Rayp
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Main Determinant

Belgium was one of the first continental countries to undergo industrialization and develop an extensive transportation infrastructure during the nineteenth century, completing the integration of its internal market by the early twentieth century. As such, the country is an ideal case study of the driving forces behind the decisions that industries made about where to locate. An analysis of factors embedded in both the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the new economic geography indicates that the main determinant of Belgium’s industrial locational pattern between 1896 and 1961 was proximity to regions with a high market potential.

scholarly journals The Right to a Fair Fight

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Jack Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
The Right ◽  
Professional Boxing

This article critically assesses the criminal law on consensual harm through an examination of the legality of fighting sports. The article begins by considering fighting sports such as bare-fisted prize fighting (dominant in the nineteenth century). It then, in historical chronology, examines the legality of professional boxing with gloves (dominant in the twentieth century). Doctrinally, the article reviews why and how, in a position adopted by the leading common law jurisdictions, fighting sports benefit from an application of the “well-established” category-based exceptions to the usual bodily harm threshold of consent in the criminal law. Centrally, fighting sports and doctrinal law on offenses against the person are juxtaposed against the theoretical boundaries of consent in the criminal law to examine whether and where the limit of the “right to be hurt” might lie. In sum, this article uses fighting sports as a case study to assess whether the criminal law generally can or should accommodate the notion of a fair fight, sporting or otherwise, predicated on the consent of the participants to the point that the individuals involved might be said, pithily, to have extended an open invite to harm.

scholarly journals A Society of Solitaries: An Anglophone Literary Circle in Montreal

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Frédette
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Literary Community ◽  
Small Press ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Literary Circles

Quebec has been home to a rich and vibrant English-language literary community since the nineteenth century. The rise of the Canadian small-press movement in the 1960s gave way to a revival of the English-language publishing industry in Montreal, which had considerably dwindled at the turn of the twentieth century. Poets benefited greatly from this phenomenon, and literary coteries of poets were formed as a result, in particular the Vehicule Poets, associated with the Véhicule Art Gallery and with Véhicule Press in the early 1970s, and a group of poets who were associated with New Delta and later with the Signal Editions poetry series. This paper focuses on the ways in which literary circles are formed and how they might be identified, and uses the Jubilate Circle, a group of poets revolving around Signal Editions and consisting of Michael Harris, David Solway, Carmine Starnino and Eric Ormsby, as a case study.

Revalorization of Structural Floor Systems in the Twentieth Century: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Kris Brosens ◽  
Gert Heirman ◽  
Sven Ignoul ◽  
Dionys Van Gemert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Floor Systems

Abstract Towards the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century new technological evolutions and material developments gave rise to different modular structural flooring systems, which allowed light but strong floors to be constructed. This paper gives an overview of the evolution in flooring systems, their durability problems, and how to solve them. Similar systems also have been used for roof constructions. The strengthening of an atypical vaulted roof structure in the “Het Depot” theatre in Leuven, composed of terracotta arch and panel elements, showing its specific problematic and its specific revalorization approach serves as a case study to illustrate the methodologies applied.

Voters and Nonvoters: The Problem of Turnout in the Nineteenth Century: Southwestern Ontario as a Case Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Political Information ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Age And Sex

Canadian Political Analysts generally agree that nonvoters have played a decisive role in determining the outcome of elections in the twentieth century. Political scientists have identified categories of nonvoters with some degree of precision. They tell us that in twentieth-century Canada nonvoting is often related to such socioeconomic factors as education, occupation, and income. These ‘class’ indicators are, in turn, often associated with a low level of political information and a low sense of political efficacy. Age and sex have also been associated with nonvoting in the twentieth century. The very young and the very old are less likely to vote. And women are slightly less likely to vote than men. Some Canadian analysts have argued that Catholics, and, more specifically, French Canadian Catholics, vote less often than Protestants, and that farmers vote more consistently than do urban dwellers.

scholarly journals Stanisław Dedio (1890-1945), poznański filolog klasyczny, wychowawca młodzieży i społecznik

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Dariusz Słapek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Diffi Cult

Jerzy Starnawski asserted the existence of the so-called “third generation of modern histori- ans of literature or, more broadly, “modern Polish representatives of the humanities with substan- tial merit in various fields.” He added that he referred to the generation born in the last decades of the nineteenth century, who then attended higher schools in the early twentieth century and be- came professionally active in the interwar years. Starnawski’s argument did not rely on meticulous prosopographic analyses and, apart from that, it was almost exclusively concerned with the scholarly achievement of the individuals he mentioned. This paper aims to verify Starnawski’s opinion based on a case study, i.e. the biography of Stanisław Dedio, a little known figure in the annals of the Polish humanities. The author argues that if Dedio did belong to the aforementioned “third generation of the modern representatives of the humanities”, then an immanent trait of the generation – besides scientific achievement – was deeply patriotic social and political activism, which peaked in the diffi- cult period of building the Second Republic of Poland.

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