Loving the Other Beyond Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Limit Case ◽  
Western Tradition

Turning to an example provided by Aristotle and taken up by Derrida in Politics of Friendship, which functions as a limit case—loving the other beyond death—I argue that Derrida's short-lived term, aimance, gently and lovingly contests the primacy given either to love or to friendship in the Western tradition, but also to the living act of loving and the figure of the lover, putting pressure on the very conceptual differences between these terms.

Does Literature Matter Today? Thoughts of the Outside

CounterText ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Shaobo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The World

The paper celebrates the publication of Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller's Thinking Literature across Continents as a significant event in the age of neoliberalism. It argues that, in spite of the different premises and the resulting interpretative procedures respectively championed by the two co-authors, both of them anchor their readings of literary texts in a concept of literature that is diametrically opposed to neoliberal rationality, and both impassionedly safeguard human values and experiences that resist the technologisation and marketisation of the humanities and aesthetic education. While Ghosh's readings of literature offer lightning flashes of thought from the outside of the Western tradition, signalling a new culture of reading as well as a new manner of appreciation of the other, Miller dedicatedly speaks and thinks against the hegemony of neoliberal reason, opening our eyes to the kind of change our teaching or reading of literature can trigger in the world, and the role aesthetic education should and can play at a time when the humanities are considered ‘a lost cause’.

At the Heart of the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Kamuf
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Tradition

Derrida's seminar The Death Penalty is to an important extent taken up with unpacking the significance of the fact (a ‘stupefying fact’, he calls it) that there is in our Western tradition no philosophy as such against the death penalty. This essay follows the seminar into the heart of its engagement with that legacy, where it traces out the condition of its own interested abolitionist stand. This condition is named ‘the heart of the other in me’, which is the pulse of every finitude, every ‘my’ life. It also gives the impulse in this essay to follow the thread of the ‘heart’ across the seminar's readings of Rousseau, Genet, Hugo and Camus.

scholarly journals PAKARTOJIMAS IR NIHILIZMAS

Problemos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Rita Šerpytytė
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Text Fragment ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
The One

Straipsnio tikslas yra atskleisti Vakarų filosofijos tradicijoje savitai įsitvirtinusios patyrimo struktūros, įvardijamos pakartojimu, nihilistinę prasmę. Šioje hermeneutinėje analizėje, viena vertus, re­miamasi tam tikra nihilizmo samprata, numatančia du nihilizmo teorinius modelius – nihilizmą, parem­tą Überwindung teorija, ir nihilizmą, paremtą différance idėja. Kita vertus, remiamasi tam tikru („onto-teologiniu“) pretekstu Vakarų mąstymo tradicijoje atpažįstant pakartojimo struktūrą – Pauliaus Laiško efeziečiams Ef. I, 10 teksto fragmentu, laikomu paradigmine pakartojimo struktūros išsklaida. Herme­neutinė analizė projektuojama į Kierkegaardo ir Agambeno filosofiją, atskirus jų mąstyme atpažįstamus pakartojimo invariantus atskleidžiant kaip minėto Pauliaus Laiško fragmento eksplozijos atvejus. Ke­liamas klausimas, kas yra pakartojimas, kur slypi jo negatyvumas ir kaip pasirodo jo nihilistinė prasmė? Kaip šioje negatyvumo ir nihilizmo atskleistyje „tarpininkauja“ différance? Straipsnyje parodoma, jog skirtis kaip neigimo judesys, atstovaujantis nihilistinei logikai, gali būti traktuojamas ir vien formaliai, ir realiai. Skirties kaip realaus neigimo traktavimas Kierkegaardo ir Agambeno mąstyme atitinka pačios patirties struktūros – pakartojimo – ontologinį (tikrovišką) įšaknytumą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: pakartojimas, nihilizmas, différance, negatyvumas, laikasPakartojimas ir nihilizmasRita Šerpytytė   AbstractThe purpose of this article is to reveal the nihilistic sense of an experiential structure, which has been distinctively rooted in Western philosophical tradition. On the one hand, this hermeneutical analysis will be based on a certain conception of nihilism presupposing two theoretical models of nihilism – nihilism, which refers to the theory of Überwindung, and nihilism associated with the idea of différance. On the other hand, it builds upon a certain (the so-called “onto-theological”) pretext, which might be used for recognition of the structure of repetition in Western tradition of thinking, – i.e. the fragment of a text from St. Paul’s Letter to the Ephesians Eph. I, 10 – the paradigmatic passage proposing this universal structure of repetition. Focused both on philosophy of Kierkegaard and Agamben, hermeneutical analysis will aim to disclose the separate invariants of such repetition as cases of explosion of the mentioned text fragment. The question is raised – what is repetition? Where does its negativity lie? How does its nihilistic sense appear? How does the différance mediate in this process of revealing of negativity and nihilism? The article argues that difference, as a motion of negation representing nihilistic logic, can be treated both in merely formal and in a realistic way. The treating of différance as real denying in Kierkegaard’s and Agamben’s thinking corresponds to the ontological rootedness of the very structure of experience – repetition.Keywords: repetition, nihilism, différance, negativity, time

scholarly journals Turning the Other Lobe: Directional Biases in Brain Diagrams

i-Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166951770776
Author(s):  
Richard Wiseman ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Tradition

Past research shows that in drawn or photographic portraits, people are significantly more likely to be posed facing to their right than their left. We examined whether the same type of bias exists among sagittal images of the human brain. An exhaustive search of Google images using the term ‘brain sagittal view’ yielded 425 images of a left or right facing brain. The direction of each image was coded and revealed that 80% of the brains were right-facing. This bias was present in images that did not contain any representation of a human head. It is argued that the effect might be aesthetic in nature, the result of the Western tradition of reading left to right or due to the facial factors that underlie the bias previously found in portraits.

scholarly journals Fractal properties in sensorimotor variability unveil internal adaptations of the organism before symptomatic functional decline

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjerstin Torre ◽  
Grégoire Vergotte ◽  
Éric Viel ◽  
Stéphane Perrey ◽  
Arnaud Dupeyron
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limit Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
The One

Abstract If health can be defined as adaptability, then measures of adaptability are crucial. Convergent findings across clinical areas established the notion that fractal properties in bio-behavioural variability characterize the healthy condition of the organism, and its adaptive capacities in general. However, ambiguities remain as to the significance of fractal properties: the literature mainly discriminated between healthy vs. pathological states, thereby loosing perspective on the progression in between, and overlooking the distinction between adaptability and effective adaptations of the organism. Here, we design an experimental tapping paradigm involving gradual feedback deprivation in groups of healthy subjects and one deafferented man as a pathological-limit case. We show that distinct types of fractal properties in sensorimotor behaviour characterize, on the one hand impaired functional ability, and on the other hand internal adaptations for maintaining performance despite the imposed constraints. Findings may prove promising for early detection of internal adaptations preceding symptomatic functional decline.

Ant and Empire: Myrmetic Writing, Simulation and the Problem of Reciprocal Becomings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Horton
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limit Case ◽  
Game Interface

This chapter considers the ant as a limit case of becoming-animal in order to problematize a troubling reciprocity of becoming. For the ant, already multiple, already molecularized, adapts to every niche on earth, constitutes its territory through a limitless processural colonization of the other that involves endless becomings, endless deterritorializations and reconstitutions as a species body at multiple scales. In short, the ant is the perfect Deleuzean animal, and yet as H. G. Wells captures so astutely in his story, “The Empire of the Ants,” it is also the most imperial and hierarchized. If the human becomes animal so that the animal can become something else, becoming-ant affords the potential for the ant to, alarmingly, become human. In addition to discussing Wells’ story, the chapter explores Bernard Werber’s 1991 novel Les Fourmis as well as Google’s game interface, Swarm!, which allows for a more robust engagement with the dynamics of scale for Deleuzean philosophy, which often (though not always) engages scale as a continuum when in fact all becomings make use of scalar quanta. By jumping scales rather than “scaling,” a molecularization is able to generate new degrees of freedom which would engage the alterior dynamics of other scales.

scholarly journals Rights from the Other Side of the Line

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Owen Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

This paper discusses the theorising of human rights from a postcolonial perspective, a process that entails placing the dominant human rights discourse in its social and historical context, in order to highlight the ways in which human rights are discursively constructed and become naturalised. The definition of human rights is problematised through an examination of both the more traditional European viewpoints as voiced by such theorists as Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben, and from the postcolonial perspectives of such writers as Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Vivienne Jabri as well as Siba N. Grovogui.  While readjusting the conception of human rights to one that expands beyond the borders of Western tradition and legalism to a recognition of how human rights are embedded in culture, it is hoped that such an analysis will broaden our understanding of the various definitions of human rights.

Regarding Homer/Homer Regarding: Odysseus' Scar, Time, and the Origins of Subjectivity in Myth

KronoScope ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Robert Geroux
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Cartesian Grid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Subjective Space ◽  
And Control

AbstractAs the historian Martin Jay and others have pointed out, continental thinkers in the twentieth century have been especially critical of the "scopic regime" of modernity: for Sartre, reflexivity emerges under the imaginary gaze of the other, for Hannah Arendt, the rise of the totalitarian "social" means the disappearance of the private, and for Foucault, the quintessentially modern way of seeing is surveillance, which is intimately and inextricably tied to punishment. These critiques imply a predmodern understanding of subjectivity free from the Cartesian grid and Baconian "prevision and control." What I argue for instead is the existence of a totalizing scopic regime present in one of the foundational and consitutive texts of the western tradition, Homer's Odyssey. I do this by way of revisiting and extending Erich Auerbach's wellknown exegesis of a passage from Odyssey 19, wherein the perfect tense and the present are temporally collapsed. Auerbach notes that this collapse - which occurs as a result of the discovery of a scar on Odysseus' body by his nurse Eurykleia - is not a "flashback" like what occurs in modern narratives, but an especially powerful example of a narrative gaze that seeks to expose and illuminate everything, for the sake of rendering a story that is complete and encompassing. I argue that this suggests a tension, and a constitutive moment whereby subjectivity emerges, not in a moment of awareness of the "gaze of the other" (Sartre), but rather as an attempt to "privatize" one's own story against the totalizing power of a narrator. Consciousness of a punctual "present" here means an effort to carve out a subjective space against the narrative power of one who would collapse such distinctions. I conclude with the stor y of Prometheus as a counter-myth, one which points forward to the theologically-important construction of consciousness-as-rebellion.

scholarly journals A condição humana e a condição docente: das ilusões de onipotência ao reconhecimento do desamparo

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (71) ◽  
pp. 679-704
Author(s):  
Diogo Bogéa
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
De Se ◽  
Human Teacher ◽  
The Human Condition

A condição humana e a condição docente: das ilusões de onipotência ao reconhecimento do desamparo Resumo: Partindo do princípio de que todo processo educacional é aberta ou veladamente guiado por uma determinada maneira de se compreender o ser humano, procuramos nesse artigo colocar em questão os ideais de “humano”, e consequentemente, de humano-professor, que a tradição ocidental nos legou. Em seguida, tentamos indicar alguns caminhos para repensarmos contemporaneamente o que significa ser humano e, por conseguinte, o que significa ser professor. Enquanto os antigos ideais insistem em projeções de poder e invulnerabilidade ao assumir uma essência imaterial para o humano, apostamos numa concepção de humano encarnado, afetivo e desejante que envolve, em contrapartida, a disposição para assumirmos o irremediável desamparo e a incontornável vulnerabilidade que são intrínsecos à condição humana. Palavras-chave: condição humana; ilusões de onipotência; desamparo The human condition and the teacher condition: from the illusions of omnipotence to the recognition of helplessness Abstract: Assuming that every educational process is openly or veiled guided by a certain way of understanding the human being, we seek in this article to question the ideals of "human," and consequently of human-teacher, that the Western tradition bequeathed to us. Next, we try to indicate some ways to rethink contemporaneously what it means to be human and, therefore, what it means to be a teacher. While the old ideals insist on projections of power and invulnerability by assuming an immaterial essence for the human, we bet on an incarnate, affective and desiring human conception that involves, on the other hand, the disposition to assume the irremediable helplessness and the unavoidable vulnerability that are intrinsic to the human condition. Keywords: human condition; omnipotence illusions; helplessness La condición humana y la condición docente: de las ilusiones de omnipotencia al reconocimiento del desamparo Resumen: A partir del principio de que todo proceso educativo es abierto o veladamente guiado por una determinada manera de comprenderse el ser humano, buscamos en ese artículo plantear en cuestión los ideales de "humano", y consecuentemente, de humano-profesor, que la tradición occidental en legó. A continuación, intentamos indicar algunos caminos para repensar contemporáneamente lo que significa ser humano y, por lo tanto, lo que significa ser profesor. Mientras los antiguos ideales insisten en proyecciones de poder e invulnerabilidad al asumir una esencia inmaterial para lo humano, apostamos en una concepción de humano encarnado, afectivo y deseante que envuelve, en contrapartida, la disposición para asumir el irremediable desamparo y la ineludible vulnerabilidad que son intrínsecos a la condición humana. Palabras clave: condición humana; ilusiones de omnipotencia; desamparo Data de registro: 20/05/2020Data de aceite: 02/10/2020

scholarly journals DIALOGAS PRIEŠ DIALOGĄ E. LEVINO MĄSTYME „ANAPUS PATIRTIES“

Problemos ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintautas Gutauskas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Ethical Relation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common World ◽  
The Way

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas dialogo problemos apmąstymo procesas E. Levino filosofijoje. Rekonstruojama dialogo samprata, susiformavusi Vakarų tradicijoje, kuri dialogą tapatina su komunikacija ir yra grindžiama dalykine etika. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama fenomenologijos kritikai, labiausiai išryškinančiai Levino nuostatas. Levino pozicija pirmiausia nagrinėjama kaip opozicija fenomenologijai, pabrėžianti santykio ir sakymo momentus, kurie yra „anapus patirties“ ir remiasi „sužlugusiu intencionalumu“. Tiriama, kokiu būdu E. Husserlio fenomenologijoje keliamas klausimas apie kitą ir kaip Husserlio įžvalgomis grindžiamas trinaris dialogo modelis: aš, kitas ir dalykas bendro pasaulio kontekste. Nagrinėjama, kaip tokia dialogo struktūra veikia dalykinę etiką, realizuojamą sokratiškame dialoge, aptartame H.-G. Gadamerio darbuose. Levino žingsnis fiksuojamas kaip perėjimas nuo komunikacijos –susikalbėjimo prie etinio santykio. Nagrinėjama, kaip tokį perėjimą sąlygoja atpažįstama prievarta, užslėpta pažintiniame-dalykiniame dialoge. Levino išryškinta sakymo plotmė trakuojama kaip dialogas prieš dialogą, t. y. kaip sluoksnis, liekantis neapčiuoptas, kol dialogo problema sprendžiama tik perduodamos reikšmės lygmenyje. Sakymo plotmė traktuojama kaip artimo artumas, leidžiantis perduoti reikšmę. Pabaigoje keliamas klausimas, kaip sakymo matmens išryškinimas gali būti vėl integruotas į dialogo aprašymą. Daroma išvada, kad Levino kritikuojama patirties samprata paties Levino dėka prasiplečia, dialogo aprašymas įtraukia ir patirties lūžius, o kartu pats dialogo esmės klausimas išsiskaido į dialogų daugybės klausimą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Levinas, dialogas, komunikacija, intencionalumas, patirtis.Dialog Prior to Dialog in Levinas’ Thought Beyond Experience Mintautas Gutauskas SummaryThe article deals with Levinas’ approach to the problem of the dialogue. The conception of the dialogue, which has been formed in the Western tradition of thought, identifies the dialogue with communication and is grounded in the ethics of the “things themselves” is analysed in the context of Levinas’ criticism of the Western thought. The author focuses on the criticism of phenomenology which highlights Levinas’ position. His position is analysed first of all as an opposition to phenomenology. Levinas emphasizes the moments of relation and saying that are “beyond experience” and are grounded in the “blasted intentionality”. The way the question about the other raised in Husserl’s phenomenology and also the trinomial structure of the dialogue (I, other and the thing in the context of the common world) realized in the early works of M. Theunissen and B. Waldenfels are questioned. The article investigates how this structure of the dialogue influences the ethics of Socratic communication about the “things themselves”, which has been explicated in the works of H. G. Gadamer. Levinas’ motion is understood as a shift from the concept of the dialogue as communication to the ethical relation. Author analyses how this shift is determined by violence recognized as hidden under such dialogue as cognitive communication. The dimension of saying, emphasized by Levinas, is treated as a dialogue prior to the dialogue, i.e. as the dimension of the dialogue which is left out by the theories that treat dialogue as sheer communication. The dimension of saying is approached as the proximity of the near, which enables the meaning in communication. In the end, the question is raised how this dimension of saying can be reinterpreted in the description of the dialogue. The conclusion is that Levinas’ criticism of the conception of experience expands this conception; the description of the dialogue includes the ruptures of experience, and at the same time the questionabout the essence of the dialogue dissolves into the question about the multiplicity of the dialogue. Keywords: Levinas, dialogue, communication, intentionality, experience.ight: 18px;"> 

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