The Place of Psychoanalysis in the History of the Jews

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
The One

Situating psychoanalysis in the context of Jewish history, this paper takes up Freud's famous 1930 question: what is left in Judaism after one has abandoned faith in God, the Hebrew language and nationalism, and his answer: a great deal, perhaps the very essence, but an essence that we do not know. On the one hand, it argues that ‘not knowing’ connects psychoanalysis to Judaism's ancestral preoccupation with God, a preoccupation different from that of the more philosophical Greek, Latin and Christian traditions of theology. On the other hand, ‘not knowing‘ connects psychoanalysis to a post-Enlightenment conception of the person (i.e. of personal life), as opposed to the more abstract notion of the subject associated with Kant.

Beyond Censorship: Polish Independent Press Debates on Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542095349
Author(s):  
Martyna Grądzka-Rejak ◽  
Jan Olaszek
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Film ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
The Other ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Underground Press ◽  
Opposite Conclusion ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The article analyzes discussions around the documentary film Shoah, by Claude Lanzmann, conducted in the uncensored press in communist Poland. In the literature on the subject, a popular thesis claims that the democratic opposition in Poland, like the authorities of the Polish People’s Republic, subjected this film to explicit criticism. The authors’ research into discussions about the Holocaust in the Polish independent press leads to the opposite conclusion. Ours analysis shows that authors publishing in the underground press had varied reactions to Lanzmann’s film. Voices opposing the official campaign against the director and his film predominate (which did not mean a complete lack of criticism vis-à-vis some of the movie’s features). We found only two opinions that can be considered clearly negative. The debate about Lanzmann’s film is important because it shows the complexity of the democratic opposition’s attitude of toward Polish-Jewish history and memory. In the opposition elite’s view of history, two currents ran in parallel, often in statements authored by the same people. On the one hand, the trend was primarily affirmative, as a reaction to the communist propaganda that bypassed or completely distorted some aspects of Polish history. On the other hand, there was also a tendency to include more controversial or even clearly shameful aspects of the history of Poland.

scholarly journals Le logica impecabile del irrational

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Carnielli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Logic Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Combining Logics

This paper is written in INTERLINGUA2, a form of modern Latin without declensions whose use in science was initiated by G. Peano, preceded by Descartes and Leibniz. I am following here the IALA conventions for INTERLINGUA of 1952. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first text in logic or philosophy ever written in INTERLINGUA. The paper offers an introduction to some philosophical and logical questions concerned with the problem of the contradictory in logic, traditionally seen as some form of irrationality, as well as a comparison between some distinct positions, their logical approaches and reciprocal criticisms. A brief account of the history of the subject is also sketched. In particular, some recent results about the logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs), the society semantics and its general form, the possible-translations semantics, are emphasized here not only as a new method for combining logics, but also as an impeccable foundation to what is taken to be as the irrational. These syntactical and semantical tools have the double intention of, on the one hand, to systematize and to precisely define an ample class of logic systems, and on the other hand to offer alternative semantic interpretations to certain less studied non-classical logics, while making possible to combine simple logics so as to obtain other logics with a richer structure. We try to assess here the interest, the degree of success and the capability the LFIs and of the possible-translations semantics (as well as its associate, the society semantics) as conceptual contrivances to overcome the irrational.

scholarly journals The History and Main Avenues of Historical Lexicography in the Comparative Aspect (On the Example of Historical Dictionaries of the Russian and Czech Languages)

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Oxana G. Truhlarova ◽  
◽  
Simona Korycankova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The aim of the present article is to trace the establishment of the Russian and Czech historical lexicography and conduct a comparative study of the features of historical dictionaries of these languages. Historical dictionaries of the Czech and Russian languages served as the subject matter of the study. The dictionaries are reviewed chronologically and analyzed according to several lexicographical criteria: time of creation, pool of sources, extent of vocabulary, entry structure, manner of representation of a word’s lexical meaning. Historical lexicography is distinguished by a certain terminological vagueness and ambiguity. Thus, the term “historical dictionary” can mean, on the one hand, a lexicographical study that represents the history of words in the course of a certain epoch in a language’s evolution. On the other hand, dictionaries that explain the meaning of words used in ancient writings can also be termed historical. Such ambiguity signifies that the subject of historical lexicography has not received sufficient attention, either in regards to individual languages, or the Slavic lexicography as a whole. This study has isolated the following stages in the development of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: (1) 17th–18th centuries – scientific study of vocabulary gives rise to predecessors of historical dictionaries (wordlists, lexicons), (2) 19th century – descriptions of vocabulary stress diachronic changes, giving rise to the first historical dictionaries, (3) 20th century – historical lexicography joins linguistics as a distinct branch of scientific study. A methodology for the compilation of historical dictionaries is developed, many new historical dictionaries are compiled that encompass the entire span of a language’s history, as well as only certain formative stages of the Russian or Czech language. (4) Late 20th – early 21st centuries – conceptual changes to the editorial approach to the structure and compilation of historical dictionaries, the relevance of publishing the dictionaries in the printed form is debated. The introduction of IT into the linguistic science has enabled an expansion of the dictionary database. The practice of creating language corpora has given historical lexicography a new direction and made the material accessible to a wide circle of users. The following can be counted among the distinctive features of the Czech and Russian historical lexicography: a keen interest in the history of language on the part of Czech researchers at even the early stages of the linguistic science, adherence to Western European examples by Czech lexicographers, most historical dictionaries of the Czech language have never been published in full because the work on them has either been suspended or discontinued altogether. In the Russian historical lexicography, on the other hand, there is an intense ongoing effort to create new dictionaries.

Albert Schweitzer and the Jews

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-398
Author(s):  
James Carleton Paget
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The One

Albert Schweitzer's engagement with Judaism, and with the Jewish community more generally, has never been the subject of substantive discussion. On the one hand this is not surprising—Schweitzer wrote little about Judaism or the Jews during his long life, or at least very little that was devoted principally to those subjects. On the other hand, the lack of a study might be thought odd—Schweitzer's work as a New Testament scholar in particular is taken up to a significant degree with presenting a picture of Jesus, of the earliest Christian communities, and of Paul, and his scholarship emphasizes the need to see these topics against the background of a specific set of Jewish assumptions. It is also noteworthy because Schweitzer married a baptized Jew, whose father's academic career had been disadvantaged because he was a Jew. Moreover, Schweitzer lived at a catastrophic time in the history of the Jews, a time that directly affected his wife's family and others known to him. The extent to which this personal contact with Jews and with Judaism influenced Schweitzer either in his writings on Judaism or in his life will in part be the subject of this article.

Productivity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions and the adverse impact of high token frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek Van Wettere
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper examines the productivity of the subject complement slot in a set of French and Dutch (semi-)copular micro-constructions. The presumed counterpart of productivity, conventionalization in the form of high token frequency, will also be taken into account in the analysis of the productivity complex. On the one hand, it will be shown that prototypical copulas generally have a higher productivity than semi-copulas, although there are some semi-copulas that can rival the productivity of prototypical copulas. On the other hand, it will be demonstrated that high token frequency is in general detrimental to productivity, on the level of the entire subject complement slot and on the level of the different semantic classes. However, the shape of the frequency distribution also seems to play a role: multiple highly frequent types are in my data more detrimental to productivity than one extremely frequent type, although the semantic connectedness of the types in the distribution might also be an explanatory factor.

scholarly journals “The Bearers of Unholy Potential”: Confessing Church Sermons on the Jews and Judaism

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Skiles
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Confessing Church ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mixed Messages ◽  
German People ◽  
The One

This article examines the nature and frequency of comments about Jews and Judaism in sermons delivered by Confessing Church pastors in the Nazi dictatorship.  The approach of most historians has focused on the history of antisemitism in the German Protestant tradition—in the works, pronouncements, and policies of the German churches and its leading figures.  Yet historians have left unexamined the most elemental task of the pastor—that is, preaching from the pulpit to the German people.  What would the average German congregant have heard from his pastor about the Jews and Judaism on any given Sunday?  I searched German archives, libraries, and used book stores, and analyzed 910 sermon manuscripts that were produced and disseminated in the Nazi regime.  I argue that these sermons provide mixed messages about Jews and Judaism.  While on the one hand, the sermons express admiration for Judaism as a foundation for Christianity, an insistence on the usage of the Hebrew Bible in the German churches, and the conviction that the Jews are spiritual cousins of Christians.  On the other hand, the sermons express religious prejudice in the form of anti-Judaic tropes that corroborated the Nazi ideology that portrayed Jews and Judaism as inferior: for instance, that Judaism is an antiquated religion of works rather than grace; that the Jews killed Christ and have been punished throughout history as a consequence.  Furthermore, I demonstrate that Confessing Church pastors commonly expressed anti-Judaic statements in the process of criticizing the Nazi regime, its leadership, and its policies.

The ‘Pistola’ of Cerveri de Girona

Traditio ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Kurt Lewent
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Moral Argumentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Troubadour Poetry

Cerveri was decidedly no poetical genius, and often enough he follows the trodden paths of troubadour poetry. However, there is no denying that again and again he tries to escape that poetical routine. In many cases these attempts result in odd and eccentric compositions, where the unusual is reached at the cost of good taste and poetical values. On the other hand, it must be admitted that Cerveri's efforts in this respect were not always futile. His is, e.g. an amusing satire upon bad women. One of his love songs, characteristically called libel by the MS (Sg), assumes the form of a complaint submitted to the king as the supreme earthly judge, in which the defendant is the lady whose charms torture the lover and have made him a prisoner. This poem combines the traditional praise of the beloved and a flattery addressed to the king. Its slightly humoristic tone is also found in a song entitled lo vers del vassayll leyal. Here Cerveri, basing himself on a certain legend connected with St. Mark, gives the king advice in his love affair. Again the poet kills two birds with one stone, flattering the sovereign and pointing, for obvious purposes, to his own poverty. The latter is the only topic of a remarkably personal poem in which the author complains bitterly that, while many of his playmates have become rich in later years, the only wealth he himself did amass were the chans gays and sonetz agradans which he composed for other people to enjoy. Cerveri even tries to renew the traditional genre of the chanson de la mal mariée by adding motifs of—presumably—his own invention. This tendency towards a more independent way of thinking and greater originality in its poetical presentation could not be better illustrated than by the two poems which the MS calls Lo vers de la terra de Preste Johan and Pistola The one puts the poet's moral argumentation against the background of the medieval legend of Prester John, the other, which forms the subject of the present study, sets its teachings in a still more solemn framework, the liturgy of the Mass.

scholarly journals Kant, Nietzsche and the idealization of friendship into nihilism

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (128) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Paul van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

Is friendship still possible under nihilistic conditions? Kant and Nietzsche are important stages in the history of the idealization of friendship, which leads inevitably to the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche himself claims on the one hand that only something like friendship can save us in our nihilistic condition, but on the other hand that precisely friendship has been unmasked and become impossible by these very conditions. It seems we are struck in the nihilistic paradox of not being allowed to believe in the possibility of what we cannot do without. Literary imagination since the 19th century seems to make us even more skeptical. Maybe Beckett provides an illustration of a way out that fits well to Nietzsche's claim that only "the most moderate, those who do not require any extreme articles of faith" will be able to cope with nihilism.

A Propos De Ta Sa Fuqin Si-Le

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Robert Iljic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Proper Noun ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The sentences of the type above mentioned are characterized, on the one hand, by the cooccurrence of bă with an intransitive verb, on the other hand, by the classifier ge following bă and introducing a noun relative to a unique referent. This type of sentence, quoted by most major contemporary Chinese grammars, and to be traced in baihuà texts, doesn't seem, nowadays, to pertain any longer to a universally accepted standard. This paper demonstrates that in these sentences, as in all bă constructions, bă actually marks a patient (even if the latter may be the subject-of an intransitive verb); besides, given its position before bă, a certain agentivity is always conferred to a noun in topic position, even if this agentivity, taken to its far end, boils down to the only desire of having been able to do something to prevent a given event (a point in case: the death of a father); finally, the function of ge before a proper noun or a noun semantically determined as unique, which can be found in some other sentences, isn't to count, that is, to indicate a quantity. but to emphasize the qualitative value of the noun (the father insofar as he is a father), the effect being to underline the value (price) that the speaker attaches to a given person or thing, hence the modal connotation ascribed to such sentences.

scholarly journals THE CRITICISM OF LITERALISM IN READING THE QUR'AN THROUGH NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD HERMENEUTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naupal Naupal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Abu Zayd believes that understanding the Qur'an is not limited to explanations or comments. It involves an interpretation process for capturing the significance (maghza) from the literal text. Interpretation also requires a presupposition that the Qur'an itself does not produce literal absolutes and certainty. The presupposition needs an interpretation that illustrates the possibility of accepting the diversity of Qur'anic interpretations in the times. By using Abu Zayd's hermeneutics, the Qur'an is an icon of Islam and at the same time a representation of Arab culture itself which is not necessarily literally absolute, but is open to interpretation. Hans Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic circle that inspired Hermeneutics of Abu Zayd emphasized that in understanding and applying the meanings of the text, the subject played a role in the text rather than the other way around. This study aims to open opportunities that the Qur'an on the one hand is an objective thing seen from the content of its truth, that is seen from its universal message, but on the other hand it is subjective, because it is bound by the interpretation of the text. This research is also intended to avoid the sacredness of the ordination of a single interpretation of the Qur'an which has resulted in the emergence of fundamentalism which has recently become so prevalent in global Islamic societies, not least in Indonesia.

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