Restrictive apposition in Romance languages: Syntactic expansions of a compound pattern

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-165
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Barbu
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Nominal Structure ◽  
Corpus Data

This study aims at improving the scarce corpus data regarding the nominal structure N1 N2 in juxtaposition, as in Romanian stat membru, French état membre, Spanish estado miembro ‘member state’. We supply examples from several Romance languages showing that this structure, which initially was a compound pattern formed from terms calqued from other languages, underwent significant expansions that are ignored even in the recent literature. We attempt to point out the disadvantages of treating this structure strictly in morphology, as most of the literature has done until now, and we document the necessity to analyse this structure in syntax, as a restrictive apposition.

scholarly journals French subject island? Empirical studies of dont and de qui

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Abeillé ◽  
Elodie Winckel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Relative Pronouns

AbstractDont has been claimed to be an exception to the ‘subject island’ constraint (Tellier, 1991; Sportiche and Bellier, 1989; Heck, 2009) and to contrast with true relative pronouns such as de qui. We provide corpus data from a literary corpus (Frantext), which show that relativizing out of the subject is possible with dont and de qui in French relative clauses, and is even the most frequent use of both relative clauses. We show that it is not a recent innovation by comparing subcorpora from the beginning of the twentieth century and from the beginning of the twenty-first century. We also show, with an acceptability judgement task, that extraction out of the subject with de qui is well accepted. Why has this possibility been overlooked? We suggest that it may be because de qui relatives in general are less frequent than dont relatives (about 60 times less in our corpus). Turning to de qui interrogatives, we show that extraction out of the subject is not attested, and propose an explanation of the contrast with relative clauses. We conclude that in this respect, French does not seem to differ from other Romance languages.

Sibilant-stop onsets in Romance: Explaining phonotactic complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Elissa Pustka
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
French Corpus

Abstract Focusing on sibilant-stop onsets, this paper deals with syllabic complexity in Romance languages. At its core are two empirical studies that address the complex case of French: a type-level study is based on the Petit Robert, and a token-level study uses Parisian and Southern French corpus data elaborated in the framework of the PFC program (Phonologie du Français Contemporain). The paper identifies three factors behind the emergence of phonotactic complexity: (a) vowel elision, (b) borrowing, and (c) expressivity.

scholarly journals A quantitative survey of N Prep N constructions in Romance languages and prepositional variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Inga Hennecke ◽  
Harald Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
Internal Element

The distinction between syntagmatic compounds of the type N Prep N, such as Fr. jouet d’enfant, and nominal syntagms of the type N Prep N, such as the partially equivalent Fr. jouet pour enfants, remains unclear and vague. This is mainly because the lexical and syntactic status of syntagmatic compounds still is controversial. In some cases, as in jouet d’enfant and jouet pour enfants, partial equivalent syntagmatic compounds and nominal syntagms may coexist and underlie a specific variation and alternation. In other cases, such as Pt. bracelete de aço and bracelete em aço, two variants of a syntagmatic compound may alternate and coexist. The first part of this paper provides an overview of the current discussion on these two types of constructions. The second part addresses the alternation and variation of syntagmatic compounds and nominal syntagms by means of analysis of large-scale corpus data, the French, Spanish and Portuguese corpus of the TenTen family. Here, the focus lies on the variation of the prepositional internal element of these constructions as well as on a comparison of different word formation patterns.

scholarly journals Verbs of falling and throwing in Basque

2020 ◽  
Vol XVI (1) ◽  
pp. 274-295
Author(s):  
N. Zaika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
To Come

. The present article analyses verbs of falling and throwing in Basque. The frame-based approach is used to fi nd out the relevant semantic oppositions. Both elicitation and corpus data are used in the study. The dominant Basque verbs of falling are erori ‘to fall’ and its Bizcayan counterpart jautsi, which can be used in most of the frames. Another verb, isuri ‘flow’, can refer to liquids, as well as the dominant verb. The verb etorri ‘to come’ refers to liquids moving horizontally, rather than vertically. Falling of hair and teeth can be expressed with the verb galdu ‘to lose’. The only frame where the dominant verb erori is hardly ever used is falling of rain and snow. The predicate ariizan with progressive meaning and the verbs egin ‘to do’ and bota ‘to throw’ can be used instead. The dominant verb of throwing in Basque is bota ‘to throw’ taking both allative and locative arguments. Intensive throwing is expressed by verbs jaurti, jaurtiki, aurtiki ‘throw, toss, cast’. Some verbs of throwing, such as lurreratu ‘to throw to the ground’ < lur ‘ground’, ureratu ‘to throw to water’ < ur ‘water’, airatu ‘to throw to air’ < aire ‘air’ incorporate the Orienter. The incorporation of a typical Trajector is possible as well, cf.harrikatu ‘to throw stones’ < harri ‘stone’ and dardatu ‘to throw an arrow, a spear’ <dardo ‘arrow, spear’. Metaphorical meanings of verbs of falling and throwing in Basque often have their counterparts in the neighbouring Romance languages — Spanish and French. Thus, the verb erori ‘to fall’, as well as its Spanish counterpart caer can refer to winning something in lottery. The Basque verb bota ‘to throw’, as well as Spanish echar can refer to fi ring an employee, getting rid of an object or showing a film

Rethinking Medieval Romance Verb Second

2020 ◽  
pp. 348-367
Author(s):  
Sam Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Old French ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Medieval Romance ◽  
Corpus Data

This chapter offers a reappraisal of the place of Medieval Romance languages within the V2 typology based on novel corpus data. A review of the available primary and secondary evidence provides compelling evidence that the Medieval Romance languages considered (French, Occitan, Sicilian, Venetian, and Spanish) were V2 languages, with V-to-C movement and XP-merger in the left periphery. The second half of the chapter focuses in detail on Old Sicilian and Old French, arguing that although both show certain commonalities, the height of the V2 bottleneck is distinct with thirteenth-century French showing a stricter V2 syntax than Old Sicilian. This is linked to the former’s status as a high V2 language with a locus for V2 on Force, as opposed to Fin where the constraint is operative in Sicilian.

(Non)culmination by abduction

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1373-1411
Author(s):  
Zsófia Gyarmathy ◽  
Daniel Altshuler
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Conversational Implicatures

AbstractRecent literature has aimed to explain (non-)culminating accomplishment inferences, which often involve the perfective aspect, but can also involve the imperfective. The goal of our paper is to explore how these inferences come about with the Hindi perfective and the Russian imperfective. We propose that abduction, that is, inference to the best explanation, is ideally suited for this task. We show how the occurrence of a (non-)culminated event is abduced in the relevant cases based on a semantic analysis which adopts the distinction between culminated and maximal events, as well as a set of non-defeasible rules encoding general mereological principles. We also show how our abductive framework can take into account facts about the conversation. This, among other things, allows us to make more nuanced predictions about what speakers will infer and when, thereby addressing possible worries of overgeneralization that an abductive framework inevitably faces. We end the paper with two outstanding issues warranting further research. First, we raise questions about the nature of (non-)culminating accomplishment inferences, which have previously been taken to be conversational implicatures. Second, we take some preliminary steps towards extending our analysis to defeasible causatives in Germanic and Romance languages.

Materials for Electron Beam Information Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Speliotis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The interaction of electron beams with a large variety of materials for information storage has been the subject of numerous proposals and studies in the recent literature. The materials range from photographic to thermoplastic and magnetic, and the interactions with the electron beam for writing and reading the information utilize the energy, or the current, or even the magnetic field associated with the electron beam.

Optical characteristics of the hitachi HF-2000 cold field-emission TEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
L. F. Allard ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Condenser Lens ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Illuminating System

The illumination system of the cold field emission (CFE) Hitachi HF-2000 TEM operates with a single condenser lens in normal imaging mode, and with a second condenser lens excited to give the ultra-fine 1 nm probe for microanalysis. The electron gun provides a guaranteed high brightness of better than 7×l08 A/cm2/sr, more than twice the guaranteed brightness of Schottky emission guns. There have been several articles in the recent literature (e.g. refs.) which claim that the geometry of this illumination system yields a total current which is so low that when the beam is spread at low magnifications (say 10 kX), the operator must “keep his eyes glued to the binoculars” in order to see the image. It is also claimed that this illuminating system produces an isoplanatic patch (the area over which image character does not vary significantly) at high magnification which is so small that the instrument is ineffective for recording high resolution images.

Aging and Autism

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In this article, I will review the available recent literature about the aging population with autism, a patient group that researchers know little about and a group that is experiencing a growing need for support from communication disorders professionals. Speech-language pathologists working with geriatric patients should become familiar with this issue, as the numbers of older patients with autism spectrum disorders is likely to increase. Our profession and our health care system must prepare to meet the challenge these patients and residents will present as they age.

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