scholarly journals Nematode Population Dynamics after Applications of Plant Extracts and Trichoderma Species as Soil Amendments in Tomato Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Timothy I. Olabiyi ◽  
Samuel O. Akinrinola ◽  
Olajumoke E. Ayanda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Three different plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica and Daniella oleifera) and two Trichoderma species (T. harzianum and T. atroviride), singly and in combination, were assessed on nematode population changes and also in the control of plant parasitic nematodes on tomato under field condition during 2018 and 2019 planting seasons. During each trial, plant parasitic nematodes encountered in the field were Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema and Helicotylenchus species. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 4 x 3 factorial scheme and five replications. Factor A being plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica, Daniella oleifera) and control, and factor B being bio-control agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride) and control, resulting in 12 treatments. Significant reductions were observed on the population of the plant parasitic nematodes at all treatment levels with neem plant extract, in combination with either T. harzianum or T. atroviride resulted in the greatest significant decrease. Applications of different plant extracts and Trichoderma species, singly and in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of tomato infected with parasitic nematodes.

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

scholarly journals Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization with bio-inoculants on the sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12544
Author(s):  
Safiuddin ANSARI ◽  
Gufran AHMAD ◽  
Abeer ELHAKEM ◽  
Rose RIZVI ◽  
Sartaj A. TIYAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Root-knot nematodes are believed to be amongst the biological constraints causing severe damage and a great reduction in the productivity of okra. The purpose of this study was to apply organic matter and non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to minimize the addition of chemical fertilizers that constantly pollute the environment.  Experimental studies were conducted in the field for two summers to determine the effect of inoculations of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense singly and in combinations, with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen as well as organic matter such as neem seed cake on the growth, yield, and organic parameters of the okra crop towards the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The results show a significant reduction in nematode multiplication through soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogen inoculated plants. Azotobacter was found to be less effective than Azospirillum in agronomic parameters and nematode control. The most pronounced increases were observed in the yield and growth parameters such as plant height, fresh as well as dry weights, fruit weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations. Agronomic parameters such as NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake. In conclusion, the combined application of a 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cake is recommended for better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal population.

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK., 1941, IN STRAWBERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA AND NORFOLK COUNTY IN ONTARIO

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, and Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956, were the predominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry in the Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County in Ontario from 1956 to 1960. However, P. penetrans was the only nematode whose occurrence could be correlated with a specific type of root lesion and with stunting. The lesions it caused on the roots were elliptical and amber to dark brown. All strawberry varieties examined were infected with P. penetrans. Under controlled conditions large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the density of the initial nematode population.

Plant-parasitic nematodes in some economically important crops in Myanmar – species, possible damage and control measures

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Min ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Collective Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Rice, pulses and oilseed crops are major exporting crops in Myanmar. Many plant-parasitic nematodes, such asMeloidogyne incognita,M. javanica,M. graminicola,Ditylenchus angustus,Hirschmanniella oryzae,Heterodera cajaniandPratylenchusspp., have been detected in these crops in different cropping patterns and are considered one of the reasons for their low yields. Previous surveys have shown potential impact to yield losses in the crops. This Forum article provides collective information on species of the major plant-parasitic nematodes, possible damage and available control measures to such economically important crops in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Fungi: Efficacy and Control Strategies

2015 ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
Jitendra Panwar ◽  
Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽  
Mallappa Kumara Swamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Efficacy of Copper-Based Texel Fabric in Preventing Root Escape from Pots and Improving Nematode Resistance Screening of Sugarcane Accession Lines in a Glasshouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Kylie Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Sugarcane Germplasm ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major constraints in the production of sugarcane in Australia. Sugar Research Australia commenced a program to screen sugarcane germplasm accessions and commercial cultivars for nematode resistance in a glasshouse under a subirrigation system. Although the subirrigation system provided reasonable growth of sugarcane plants and significantly reduced the use of irrigation water in the glasshouse, it created a few issues. Sugarcane roots escaped through the bottom of the pots and created networks of roots under the fabrics used in the subirrigation system. This made it difficult to reduce cross contamination among the treatment pots and also facilitated nematodes to migrate outside of the pots. This research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two types of Texel fabrics (Tex-R commercial products) in mitigating sugarcane root escape from pots as well as impact on nematode population in the pots. Very few or no roots escaped from the pots placed on both types of Texel fabrics compared with other treatment methods, in which prolific root escape was evident at the bottom of the pots, forming a network of roots on or under the fabrics. Nematode numbers in pots placed on Texel fabrics were significantly higher (approximately 50,000 nematodes per pot) compared with other treatment methods (30,000 to 41,000 nematodes per pot). This research demonstrated that Texel fabrics were effective in stopping sugarcane root escape and preventing nematode migration from pots. This study also indicated that the nematode population inside the pots was not adversely impacted by the use of Texel fabrics.

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