scholarly journals Kinetic Study & Statistical Modelling of Sarawak Peat Water Electrocoagulation System using Copper and Aluminium Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Nazeri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nurhidayah Kumar Muhammad Firdaus Kumar ◽  
Umang Jata Gilan ◽  
Elisa Elizebeth Jihed ◽  
Adarsh Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Due to insufficient water supply, the residents of the rural area of Sarawak are forced to use peat water as daily use for domestic water. The consumption of untreated peat water can lead to various waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, and other serious illnesses such as typhoid and dysentery. Water treatment system such as electrocoagulation system can be developed to improve the water quality of the peat water as electrocoagulation requires simple equipment that can be operated easily, no usage of chemicals coagulant, producing less sludge and cost-effective treatment system. The main aim of this study is to develop a kinetic study and statistical modelling for both batch and continuous electrocoagulation processes of peat water treatment in Sarawak using aluminium and copper electrodes. This study focuses on the peat water treatment using electrocoagulation system. The fabricated electrocoagulation system is designed according to the characteristics in which the technology for building and the material used for constructing the electrocoagulation system should be available locally, the electrocoagulation system should be easy to fabricate and maintain, as well as low cost for construction and operation. For this study, Response Surface Methodology in Minitab software and Microsoft Excel are used for kinetic studies, statistical modelling, and process optimization. Process optimization is carried out to minimize energy consumption as well as the turbidity and TSS level. The optimum conditions for batch and continuous electrocoagulation system are 14.899 A/m2 and 41.818 min, and 3.861 A/m2 and 37.778 min respectively.

Low-Cost and Low-Energy Wastewater Treatment Systems: A South African Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Batchelor ◽  
R. Bocarro ◽  
P. J. Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Capital Construction

An overview of waste-water treatment alternatives in South Africa is presented. A comparison of the capital, operating and maintenance costs of biological filters, bio-discs, stabilisation ponds and an extended-aeration-actiyated sludge system suggest that stabilization ponds may be regarded as a low cost, low energy waste-water treatment system. However, in some instances, due to legal and land requirements they are not appropriate. In these instances a number of interacting factors play a role in determining the lowest cost option. The capital construction and operating costs of constructed wetlands are similar to those of stabilisation ponds but due to lack of full scale operational information they are not yet widely used as a waste-water treatment system.

scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar ◽  
Asif ◽  
Poulose ◽  
Suguna ◽  
Al-Hazza
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Biomass Dosage

The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.

Low-cost water treatment system using submerged membrane filtration in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (39) ◽  
pp. 18101-18108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Miyoshi ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi ◽  
Hiroyuki Maeda ◽  
Takashi Tsukaraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System

scholarly journals Design of a cost-effective electrochlorination system for point-of-use water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 200437-0
Author(s):  
Mainak Bhattacharya ◽  
Koyel Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Anirban Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

Bacteriological contamination in drinking water is known to be responsible for the spread of various waterborne diseases. Although chlorine is frequently used as disinfectant in water treatment, low-cost disinfecting technologies in the villages of developing and under-developed countries are not yet successfully implemented. This study contributed in designing a simple and inexpensive water disinfection unit to produce chlorine from the naturally available dissolved chloride of groundwater by electrochlorination, using inert and cheap graphite electrodes. Laboratory-based experiments were performed in both batch and continuous flow reactors to study the effect of time, current, electro charge loading (ECL), and surface area of electrodes in chlorine generation and bacterial inactivation. Controlled experiments in continuous mode in the absence of chlorine further indicated the possibility of partial inactivation of bacteria under the influence of the electric field. Finally, a treatment unit with drilled anodes, and undrilled cathode electrodes, in continuous flow set-up was installed in four schools of four different villages in West Bengal, India. An average residual chlorine concentration and removal efficiency of total coliform in the designed systems were determined as 0.3 ± 0.07 mg/L, and 98.4% ± 1.6%, respectively.

Application of water treatment sludge as a low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst in the biodiesel production via fatty acids esterification: Process optimization

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 118824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanison A.G. Pessoa Junior ◽  
Mitsuo L. Takeno ◽  
Francisco X. Nobre ◽  
Silma de S. Barros ◽  
Ingrity S.C. Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge

Development of low cost household drinking water treatment system for the earthquake affected communities in Northern Pakistan

Desalination ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 273 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Shams Ali Baig ◽  
Bahadar Nawab ◽  
Mustafa Nawaz Shafqat ◽  
Arshid Pervez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Water Treatment System

scholarly journals Research on making material from waste sludge taken from domestic water treatment plant for arsenic removal from water

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Thi Hoa Trinh ◽  
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ◽  
Kim Thoa Bui ◽  
Thi Uyen Dang ◽  
Xuan Huan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Water Provision

Iron oxide is a good and inexpensive adsorbent for arsenic (As) compounds and other heavy metals in water (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn). Waste sludge from water treatment plant, which is highly in iron content, can be considered as a great adsorbent. Utilizing this waste as material for water treatment would get benefits on not only environment but also energy, resources and social economy. This study describes experiments to produce arsenic adsorbent material from waste sludge taken from Ha Dinh water treatment plant by using glass water, Fe(NO3)3 and heat to modify and enrich iron content. This process aims to make a good material for filtration and sorption of As. Other effects of pH, time, adsorbent mass, and adsorbate concentration are also considered. The processes are successful in removing Arsenic ion clearly. Initial As sample of 1000μg/L, contact time 4 hours, material 1 g/L, the efficiency is 99.64%. Treated water is under national technical regulation on domestic water quality (QCVN 02:2009/BYT column I), where column I is applicable to water provision units. Research also starts to make material particles, which are more favorable to practical application. These adsorbent productions after modification are beneficial with low-cost and environment-friendly advantages. Oxít sắt là một chất hấp phụ tốt và rẻ trong việc loại bỏ các hợp chất asen (As) và một số kim loại nặng khác trong nước (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn). Trong khi đó, bùn thải từ các nhà máy xử lí nước giàu thành phần sắt, có thể xem là một vật liệu hấp phụ tốt. Việc tận dụng bùn thải này làm vật liệu xử lý ô nhiễm không chỉ đem lại những lợi ích cho môi trường mà còn về mặt tài nguyên, năng lượng và kinh tế xã hội. Báo cáo này trình bày cách chế tạo vật liệu từ bùn thải của nhà máy xử lý nước cấp Hạ Đình thành vật liệu xử lý ô nhiễm asen bằng cách sử dụng thủy tinh lỏng, Fe(NO3)3 và nhiệt để biến tính làm tăng hàm lượng sắt trong bùn thải, tạo vật liệu tốt cho quá trình lọc và hấp phụ As. Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng tới hiệu suất hấp phụ như pH, thời gian, khối lượng chất hấp phụ, và nồng độ As cũng được đưa ra đánh giá. Việc loại bỏ As đạt hiệu quả rõ rệt. Với nồng độ As ban đầu là 1000 μg/L, thời gian xử lý 4 giờ, vật liệu sử dụng là 1g/L thì hiệu suất xử lý đạt 99,64%. Nồng độ As sau xử lý đạt tiêu chuẩn QCVN 02:2009/BYT, cột I – Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước sinh hoạt, cột I áp dụng đối với các cơ sở cung cấp nước. Nghiên cứu cũng bước đầu thử nghiệm chế tạo thành viên vật liệu để thuận lợi hơn trong việc ứng dụng trong thực tiễn. Vật liệu bùn thải sau biến tính có lợi thế về chi phí thấp và thân thiện với môi trường.

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