scholarly journals Jalur Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Sebagai Dorongan Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-236
Author(s):  
Yudha Chandra Arwana ◽  
Ridwan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
National Level ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Resolution Process ◽  
Dispute Resolution Process ◽  
National Human ◽  
The Government

Permasalahan sengketa pertanahan di banyak tempat memicu berbagai konflik, baik itu antara kelompok masyarakat, masyarakat dengan pengusaha, atau masyarakat dengan pemerintah. Pada banyak kasus di Indonesia, konflik agrarian sangat berkaitan erat gagalnya pemenuhan hak-hak warga oleh pemerintah, baik pada tingkat lokal daerah maupun nasional. Kepemilikan tanah dan kepastian hukum dalam permasalahan agrarian di Indonesia mengacu dan merujuk pada Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria (UUPA). Reformasi Agraria (Landreform) menjadi salah satu bentuk implementasi undang-undang tersebut, termasuk perubahan struktur penguasaan pemilikan tanah yang tidak hanya dimaknai sebagai makna politik namun juga teknis. Tulisan ini menganalisis aktivitas landreform di Indonesia dalam kajian hak asasi manusia, termasuk proses penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini yuridis normatif, dimana kajian hanya meliputi norma dan dasar hukum yang digunakan dalam penyelesaian sengketa agrarian dalam berbagai kasus. Kasus yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bukan hasil penelusuran lapangan secara langsung, namun kasus-kasus yang sudah pernah terjadi di berbagai daerah yang diperoleh melalui media cetak atau online. Tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa proses penyelesaian sengketa agraria pada banyak kasus di Indonesia belum memenuhi standar pemenuhan hak asasi manusia, seperti adanya upaya paksa dan tindak kekerasan dari pemerintah, sikap refresif, diskriminatif, dan intimidatif. Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi dan menyimpulkan bahwa dalam penyelesaian konflik agraria dalam kajian hak asasi manusia harus melibatkan banyak pihak, salah satunya Komnas HAM.Land disputes in many places trigger various conflicts, whether between community groups, communities and entrepreneurs, or communities with the government. In many cases in Indonesia, agrarian conflict is closely related to the failure of the fulfilment of citizens' rights by the government, both at the local and national level. Land ownership and legal certainty in agrarian issues in Indonesia refer to and refer to Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulation (UUPA). Agrarian reform (Land Reform) is one form of implementation of the law, including a change in the structure of ownership of land ownership which is not only interpreted as a political but also a technical meaning. This paper analyse the activities of land reforms in Indonesia in the study of human rights, including the land dispute resolution process. The method used in this paper is normative juridical, where the study only covers the norms and legal basis used in agrarian dispute resolution in various cases. The cases used in this study are not direct field search results, but cases that have already occurred in various regions were obtained through print or online media. This paper emphasizes that the agrarian dispute resolution process in many cases in Indonesia has not met the standards of fulfilment of human rights, such as the existence of forced efforts and acts of violence from the government, repressive, discriminatory and intimidating attitudes. This paper underlines and concludes that the resolution of agrarian conflicts in the study of human rights must involve many parties, one of which is the National Human Rights Commission.

scholarly journals Mekanisme Majelis Tahkim Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Rumah Tangga (Analisis Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam Nomor 2 Tahun 2003 Seksyen 48 tentang Penambahan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Muslem Muslem ◽  
Siti Aminah Binti Abd Samat
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Resolution Process ◽  
Dispute Resolution Process ◽  
Islamic Family Law ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Husband And Wife

Majelis Tahkim sebagai proses penyelesaian sengketa (syiqāq) yang melibatkan pertemuan suami dan isteri bersama dengan Hakam untuk tujuan perdamaian atau perceraian dengan lafaz talak atau dengan khuluk. Berdasarkan fakta empiris menyatakan bahwa salah satu provinsi yang paling menonjol menggunakan metode Majelis Tahkim ini adalah Provinsi Selangor. Sebagaimana yang diketahui oleh penulis bahwa praktek Majelis Tahkim di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Shah Alam menggunakan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam yang diterapkan khusus di Provinsi Selangor sahaja yang berbeda dengan provinsi yang lain di Malaysia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimana praktek Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam Nomor 2 Tahun 2003 Seksyen 48 mengenai penambahan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam (Negeri Selangor) terhadap pelaksanaan Majelis Tahkim dalam penyelesaian sengketa rumah tangga (syiqāq) di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Shah Alam. Penulisan skripsi ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme Majelis Tahkim dalam penyelesaian sengketa rumah tangga dan keunggulan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam yang digunakan. Oleh itu, penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Dari hasil penelitian penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa mekanisme Majelis Tahkim dalam penyelesaian sengketa rumah tangga di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Shah Alam menggunakan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam terdapat beberapa keunggulan antaranya menjelaskan tentang Hakam dan proses Majelis Tahkim secara rinci sebagai panduan Hakam. Seterusnya, proses Majelis Tahkim ini mampu mengurangi beban Mahkamah Syariah dalam menyelesaikan kasus yang banyak di meja Mahkamah. Oleh hal yang demikian, diharapkan bagi pihak kerajaan perundangan untuk memberlakukan Kaedah-Kaedah Hakam ini bagi semua provinsi di Malaysia agar Hakam mendapatkan panduan lebih mendalam terkait Hakam dan proses Majelis Tahkim. Tahkim Assembly as a dispute resolution process (SYIQĀQ) involving a husband and wife meeting along with Hakam for peace or divorce with the pronunciation of Talak or with Khuluk. According to empirical facts, it states that one of the most prominent provinces using the method of the Tahkim assembly is Selangor province. As it is known by the authors that the practice of the Tahkim assembly in Shah Alam Sharia court used the essential methods applied in the province of Selangor only different from other provinces in Malaysia. This study aims to obtain an overview of the enactment of Islamic Family Law number 2 the year 2003 section 48 on the addition of the Hakam methods (Selangor State) on the implementation of the Tahkim assembly in the settlement of household disputes (SYIQĀQ) in the Syariah low court of Shah Alam. The writing of this thesis is aimed at knowing how the Tahkim assembly mechanisms in the settlement of household disputes and the excellence of the Hakam methods used. Thus, this writer uses a descriptive method of analysis. From the results of the author's research can be concluded that the mechanism of the Tahkim assembly in the settlement of household disputes in Shah Alam Syariah low court using the essential methods there are several advantages between explaining Hakam and the process of Tahkim assembly in detail as a guide to Hakam. Subsequently, the Tahkim assembly process was able to reduce the burden of sharia Court in resolving many cases at the Court table. Therefore, it is expected for the legal government to enforce this Hakam method for all provinces in Malaysia for Hakam to obtain a more in-depth guide to the Hakam and the process of the Tahkim assembly.

Forcing the Political Agenda: The Zapatista Rebellion and the Limits of Ethnic Bargaining in Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
National Level ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Base Of Support

AbstractThe Zapatista rebels of southern Mexico have achieved considerable success both in maintaining themselves against unlikely odds and in coming to agreement with the Mexican government on issues affecting indigenous rights and identity. At the same time, a central demand, both of the Zapatistas and the indigenous movement which they have helped to revitalize, namely revision of the 1992 constitutional reforms affecting corporate claims to land and the possibility of further land reform, has been roundly rejected by the government. The paper explains both Zapatista achievements and the limits to ethnic bargaining evident in the negotiations to date through an analysis of the dynamic process by which both sides came to the negotiating table and shaped and reshaped the rules of the bargaining game. It draws on social movement theory to show how the Zapatistas in particular were able to overcome the ``asymmetry of internal conflict'' and frame the issues, enlarging its base of support to a national level. At the same time, specifically indigenous issues could be resolved much more readily than the larger concerns, including those surrounding landholding, which motivated the rebellion. The shifting political context had much to do with the government's willingness to negotiate; but the Zapatista's skill at assembling a national constituency, attracting international attention, and framing the issues were decisive in achieving accords on indigenous rights. Nevertheless, in the absence of a ``mutually hurting stalemate,'' government negotiators could continue to reject Zapatista demands on issues reaching beyond strictly ethnic concerns.

A Youth Perspective to Participation and Local Governance in Zimbabwe's Post-Fast Track Land Reform Farms

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Tom
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Youth Perspective

The chapter provides a youth perspective to participation and local governance in Zimbabwe's post-Fast Track Land Reform farms. The chapter provides a sociology flare to youth participation by incorporating the ‘sociology of youth' dimension. Factoring in the youth perspective is a major contribution in addressing the lacunae in understanding and improving land reforms in Zimbabwe. Broadly, scholarly debate and professional practice on Zimbabwe's post-FTLRP have been informed by four ideological and empirical approaches namely, the neopatrimonial, human rights, livelihoods and political economy. However, in all four approaches, specific and deliberate focus on the youth is low. Based on the understanding that the youth are the future of societies, the central argument in the chapter is that the youth should be positively developed to practice their citizenship. This can be achieved through proactive incorporation of the youth in development and local governance. At a micro level, the ‘new' farm communities and how they are locally governed should also be a turf for the youth, not only for the ‘gerontocrats'. The starting point for that noble departure is to understand the lived experiences and situated meanings pertaining to the achievements, opportunities, challenges and failures in youth participation in development and local governance of the farm communities. Beyond lip service articulation and application of a youth perspective in the farm communities, and broadly at the national level, are recommended.

scholarly journals Sen, justice and the private realm of dispute resolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-373
Author(s):  
Debbie De Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Resolution Process ◽  
Private Realm ◽  
Dispute Resolution Process ◽  
Popular Justice ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
Ethnographic Data

AbstractThe attainment of justice through a private dispute-resolution process, such as the mediation process, is an elusive objective. With the prominent place mediation has been given in civil justice, debates about the ability of mediation to deliver substantive justice are relevant, particularly when proponents of the process argue that mediation offers some form of justice to its participants, while critics argue that it provides no justice. This paper explores the issue of justice in the private dispute-resolution process of mediation and its ability to deliver a substantive form of justice (rather than procedural or popular justice, which is often seen as the type of justice, if any, that is provided by mediation). It does so through an analysis of ethnographic data of the mediation process using Amartya Sen's justice framework set out inThe Idea of Justice.

scholarly journals HARMONISASI REGULASI KEPEMILIKAN TANAH PERTANIAN SECARA ABSENTEE BAGI PEGAWAI NEGERI DALAM PROGRAM LANDREFORM

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Yunizar Wahyu Tristanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Start Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
And Control

Peoples needs can not be separated from the need of land . Once the importance of soil functions for society , need to be regulated in order to ensure the mastery and utilization at the same time in order to create legal certainty for the public . The problem that then arises since the start time of independence is disproportionate land ownership . In order to overcome these problems , the government has enacted Law No. 5 of 1960 About the Agrarian and the Reformation has been set TAP MPR No. IX / MPR / 2001 on Agrarian Reform and Natural Resources Management . One important aspect of the law with the enactment of the UUPA is a program of Landreform in Indonesia . Landreform became one of the alternatives for agrarian justice to resolve agrarian disputes and conflicts . one of the land reform program is the prohibition of absentee ownership of agricultural land. The problem that then occurs is the existence of exceptions in absentee land ownership . The problems regarding the permissibility of absentee ownership of agricultural land by the Servants . The exception contained in Article 3 Paragraph (4) of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 on the implementation of Land Distribution and Provision of Compensation. Ownership and control of agricultural soils in absentee in Article 10 Paragraph (1) UUPA is basically prohibited, but in Article 3 Paragraph (4) PP No. 224 years 1961, the government granted an exemption absentee ownership of agricultural land to some legal subjects of the Servant , retired civil servants , widows and widows of civil servants retired civil servants.

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