The Theory of Higher Objectives and Intents of Islamic Law (Maqasid Al-Shariah) as One of Instrument of Ijtihad According to Imam al-Shatibi in Al-Muwafaqat Fi Ushli Al-Syari`ah

As written in Al-Muwâfaqât Fi Ushûli Al-Syari'ah, Imâm Al-Shatibi explained that every divine law (the command of Allah) must be prescribed on purposes and objectives. The desired objective of law is to fulfill for the benefit of humankind. Imâm Al-Shatibi divided the higher objectives of law into two categories: (1) the objectives of the Lawgiver (Allah as the Lawgiver), and (2) the human objectives (the benefits that refer to human as the doer of Law). The human objectives are defined in three scales: from the ‘essential’ (dharûriyat), to the ‘necessary’ (hajiyât), and to the ‘complementary’ (tahsiniyât). Furthermore, Imam Al-Shatibi explained that there are four steps in understanding the human objectives. The first is understanding maqasid (the objectives) through the purity of the command and prohibitions. Second,it is understanding maqasid through the existence of ‘illah (basis) contained in commands and prohibitions. And the third, understanding the maqasid through the law that related to 'adah (habit) and 'ibadah (worship) which have the main and additional objectives. Fourth, understand the maqasid through silence due to the absence of any occasions or circumstances for further declaration related to the certain matter. In other word, for certain issue, there is no evidence from the Holy book that provides the reasons of the law implementation even though there is a meaning (ma’na) behind the revelation.

The Phenomenon of Dynastic Politics Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 33/PUU-XIII/2015

This research aims at breaking down the dynamics of dynastic politics after the 2020 simultaneous general election and the dynamics between the nomination of regional heads and dynastic politics following the issuance of the Constitutional Court decision no. 33/PUU-XIII/2005. The research found that this local politics phenomenon is triggered by the policy on regional autonomy and decentralization after reformation in bringing about new groups with family ties at local levels who occupy positions in the government. Going by the excuses of freedom and human rights, the groups in this dynastic politics have seen a gradual increase in quantity overtime. This increase happened after the Constitutional Court decision no. 33/PUU-XIII/2015 ruled in their favour. In the ruling, the Court took human rights into their main consideration for reversing the ruling against the ban on the dynastic politics law, which in Article 7 (r) UU 1/2015 may give the impression that the right to political participation is removed.

Rekonstruksi Subjek dan Peristiwa Hukum Akad Pembiayaan Murabahah pada Perbankan Syariah

This article argues that the murabahah contract implemented by Islamic banking with reference to the DSN-MUI fatwa and the Murabahah SOP formulated by the OJK is still ambiguous in terms of the pillars of both legal actions (legal events) and subjects (actors) of a series of legal events. Whereas financing with murabahah is very dominantly practiced by banks in channeling their funds to the public. This has spawned a number of studies that see many sides of weakness and even conflict with sharia principles. By using the ushul fiqh approach and using primary and secondary legal materials, the authors conduct a content analysis offering reconstruction of murabahah financing contracts in Islamic banking. The results of this study found that the murabahah financing contract was eleven legal events and four subjects were perpetrators of legal acts. These eleven legal events must be included as a new pillar of the murabahah financing agreement as an instrument for realizing maslahah and economic distributive justice. Artikel ini beragumen bahwa akad murabahah yang diterapkan oleh perbankan syariah dengan mengacu pada fatwa DSN-MUI dan SOP Murabahah yang dirumuskan oleh OJK masih ambingu dari segi rukun baik perbuatan hukum (peristiwa hukum) maupun subjek (pelaku) dari serangkaian peristiwa hukum. Padahal pembiayaan dengan murabahah sangat dominan dipraktekkan oleh perbankan dalam menyalurkan dananya kepada masyarakat. Hal ini telah melahirkan sejumlah penelitian yang melihat banyak sisi kelemahan bahkan bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ushul fiqh dan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, penulis melakukan content analysis menawarkan rekonstruksi akad pembiayaan murabahahpada perbankan syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan akad pembiayaan murabahah sebelas peristiwa hukum dan empat subjek pelaku perbuatan hukum. Kesebelas peristiwa hukum ini harus dimasukkan sebagai rukun baru dari akad pembiayaan murabahah sebagai instrument untuk merelaisasikan maslahah dan keadilan distributif ekonomi.

Syariat Islam dan Budaya Hukum Masyarakat di Aceh

This paper discusses the influence of the implementation of Islamic law on the legal culture of society in Aceh. This question arises because in the last few years after the enactment of the Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) in 2015 the number of cases of sharia violations in several districts /cities in Aceh shows a fluctuating trend and tends to increase. The implementation of QHJ, with the increasing number of lashes, should be able to reduce the occurrence of violations. Why hasn't QHJ been able to reduce the number of violations? This study uses a political science approach to law with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with open-ended questionare and review of documentation. The results showed that the QHJ was not optimal in creating the legal culture of the Acehnese people. This is because (1) the legal politics of the Aceh Government are not serious in implementing QHJ, (2) there are still many Acehnese people who do not fully understand the contents of the QHJ. It can be concluded that in general the QHJ has not been maximally implemented by the Government of Aceh, especially Aceh Tamiang District and Sabang City due to several constraints including budget, human resource management and policy dissemination. This paper has implications for the change in the orientation of the Aceh Government's political and legal policies to be more comprehensive in implementing Islamic law in the future.Tulisan ini mendiskusikan pengaruh pelaksanaan syariat Islam terhadap budaya hukum masyarakat di Aceh. Pertanyaan ini muncul karena dalam beberapa tahun terakhir setelah diberlakukannya Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) tahun 2015 angka kasus-kasus pelanggaran syariat di beberapa Kabupaten/Kota di Aceh menunjukkan tren yang fluktuatif dan cenderung meningkat. Pemberlakuan QHJ, dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah cambuk, seharusnya mampu menekan terjadinya pelanggaran. Mengapa QHJ belum mampu menekan angka pelanggaran tersebut? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ilmu politik hukum dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dengan open-ended questionare dan telaah dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa QHJ tidak maksimal dalam menciptakan budaya hukum masyarakat Aceh. Hal ini karena (1) politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh tidak serius dalam menjalankan QHJ, (2) masih banyak masyarakat Aceh yang tidak memahami secara menyeluruh isi QHJ tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum QHJ belum secara maksimal diimplementasikan oleh Pemerintah Aceh khususnya Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang dan Kota Sabang karena beberapa kendala baik anggaran, manajemen SDM dan sosialisasi kebijakan. Tulisan ini berimplikasi terhadap perubahan orientasi kebijakan politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh untuk lebih komprehensif dalam pelaksanaan syariat Islam ke depan.