scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF PASTEURIA PENETRANS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH VERTICILLIUM CHLAMYDOSPORIUM AGAINST MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Simon R. Gowen ◽  
Barbara Pembroke
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Verticillium Chlamydosporium ◽  
Final Harvest

The potential control of Meloidogyne javanica using Pasteuria penetrans (Pp) alone and in combination with Verticillium chlamydosporium (Vc) was tested in earthen pots following a cropping sequence "tomato-tomato-tomato” over three crop cycles. After the final harvesting, analysis of variance showed significant effect of treatments (P0.01) regarding number of eggmasses, galls and nematode female populations. Similarly, significant effect of treatments (P0.01) was also recorded in case of infected nematode females with Pasteuria and number of eggs/eggmass while no significant effect (P 0.0 5) was observed in case of endospore production. Higher numbers of eggmasses (360) and root galling (6.2) was observed where biocontrol agents were absent (control). The treatments showed 46.58, 58.85 and 33.13 percent reduction in number of galls, eggmasses and nematodes in Pp alone and 43.34, 55.21 and 30.09 percent reductions in Vc+Pp treatments respectively. Numbers of females infected with the endospores of P. penetrans were recorded higher in Pp-3 alone treatment (13.2) followed by Vc+Pp combined treatment (13.0) and maize rotated treatment (10.4) respectively. Significantly lesser number of eggmasses, galls and nematodes were recorded in pots where tomato was rotated with maize (treatment 3) compared with control. Thus rotation prevented the buildup of nematode population and resulted in a 72% decrease in numbers of eggmasses, 38% in root galling and 46% regarding female populations over the control after the final harvest. Maximum colony forming units of V. chlamydosporium per gram of soil were recorded after its addition to the soil. The fungus established in the soil during the first crop and soil colonization of the fungus was also observed after final crop.

Factors affecting the adhesion of micro-organisms to the surfaces of plant-parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Bird ◽  
Ingrid Bonig ◽  
A. Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Con A ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dauer Larvae

SummaryThe influence of various agents on the adhesion of endospores of Pasteuria penetrans to the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was studied. Similarly, but to a lesser degree, we have also studied the adhesion of conidia of the fungus Dilophospora alopecuri and the coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sp. (syn. Corynebacterium rathayi) to the nematode Anguina agrostis (syn. A. funesta). Reduction in the degree of both spore and conidial attachment following their pre-treatment with periodate and the presence of PAS staining material on spores, conidia and bacteria implicated carbohydrate in these interactions. Tests involving both unbound and FITC-bound lectins demonstrated that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) can inhibit the degree of attachment of P. penetrans to M. javanica and that this inhibition can be overcome by pre-treatment of the lectin with N, N′-diacetyl chitobiose. Endospores of P. penetrans, amphid and buccal secretions of 2nd-stage larvae of M. javanica and the cuticle and excretory pore secretions of 2nd-stage dauer larvae of A. agrostis bound WGA, indicating that accessible N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues are present on these structures. Endospores of P. penetrans also bound Con A, indicating the presence of accessible α-D-glucose/α-D-mannose residues on their surface.

Cover crops and Pochonia chlamydosporia for the control of Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme S. de Podestá ◽  
Rosangela Dallemole -Giaretta ◽  
Silamar Ferraz ◽  
Ernani Luis Agnes ◽  
Leandro Grasside Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Tillage System

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the combination of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia with summer and winter cover plants on the control of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato plants under glasshouse conditions. Treatment combinations were with four soil covers (pearl millet and Surinam grass in Experiment 1, oil radish and black oat in Experiment 2; plus tomato and fallow controls) and two P. chlamydosporia treatments (with or without the fungus). The antagonist was applied to nematode-infested soil when the cover crops or tomato were planted. Tomato plants were removed and the above-ground parts of the cover crops were cut, dried, and placed on the pots 60 days after planting. One tomato seedling was transplanted in each pot in a no-tillage system and cultivated for 60 days. Surinam grass, pearl millet and black oat reduced galls and eggs of M. javanica by more than 90%, without application of the fungus. However, P. chlamydosporia + Surinam grass significantly reduced by 72% the number of galls compared with cultivation of the grass in soil without the fungus. Pochonia chlamydosporia became established in soil and could be re-isolated at the end of both experiments. Colony forming units (CFU) (g soil)–1 varied from 1.0 × 105 (fallow) to 2.6 × 105 (pearl millet) and from 1.1 × 105 (fallow) to 2.3 × 105 (oil radish) for the experiments with summer soil cover crops and winter soil cover crops, respectively. The cultivation of Surinam grass, pearl millet and black oat reduced M. javanica populations, and the combination with P. chlamydosporia may favour the establishment of the fungus in the soil and enhance the control of the nematode.

The isolation of a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans and its pathogenicity on Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Trotter ◽  
Daim Ali Darban ◽  
Simon R. Gowen ◽  
Alistair H. Bishop ◽  
Barbara Pembroke
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Mass Line ◽  
Single Spore Isolate ◽  
Spore Population

Abstract We have obtained a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans, derived by allowing a single spore to attach to a secondstage juvenile (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. By analysing DNA sequences at three different loci we have obtained evidence that the isolate is, indeed, genetically pure. We compared the ability of the single spore isolate and the parent population from which it was selected to attach to and parasitise both the original population of M. javanica on which it was isolated and a single egg mass line derived from it. There was no difference in the attachment of spores of the single spore isolate to juveniles compared to the parental population, although there were higher numbers of both attaching to J2 of the single egg mass line compared to its parental population. Judging from the numbers of egg masses and Pasteuria -infected females, the single spore isolate was less pathogenic to the parental population of M. javanica than was the parental spore population.

scholarly journals Attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores on populations of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita virulent and avirulent on the Mi gene of resistant tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tzortzakakis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Mi Gene ◽  
Spore Attachment

AbstractSpore attachment of three Pasteuria penetrans isolates was assessed on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica populations from Greece. The nematode populations differed in their ability to reproduce on tomatoes with the Mi gene, conferring resistance to rootknot nematodes. The numbers of attached spores did not discriminate virulent from avirulent populations within each species. The differences in attachment rates probably reflect the specificity of Pasteuria penetrans to different Meloidogyne populations of the same species, within a country or even the same area.

Effect of Steinernema feltiae-Xenorhabdus bovienii insect pathogen complex on Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan Fallon ◽  
Harry Kaya ◽  
Randy Gaugler ◽  
Brent Sipes
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Treatment ◽  
Nematode Penetration

AbstractIsolates of Steinernema feltiae MG-14 from Hawaii and SN from France, and the symbiont Xenorhabdus bovienii from each nematode isolate, were tested for their glasshouse efficacy against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, on several vegetable plants. Steinernema feltiae application for 3-5 consecutive days at rates of 1000 or 10 000 infective juveniles (IJ) did not affect M. javanica root penetration and development in glasshouse pot experiments. IJ were recovered from the cortical tissue of tomatoes, soybeans, snow peas and cow peas. Xenorhabdus bovienii applied at 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) ml–1 reduced root-knot nematode penetration in cow peas but was ineffective in tomato or snow pea. Xenorhabdus bovienii metabolites had no effect on M. javanica root penetration and egg production in soybean. Soybean plant growth was unaffected by nematode and bacterial treatment; biomass was lower in M. javanica-infected soybean, irrespective of treatment, than in non-infected soybean, but the differences between the treatments were non-significant. Accordingly, the Steinernema feltiae-Xenorhabdus bovienii complex did not meet the objective for the suppression of M. javanica root penetration and development.

scholarly journals CONTROLE DE MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA COM PASTEURIA PENETRANS

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVI DATT SHARMA ◽  
LÚCIO JOSÉ VIVALDI
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans

Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar a eficiência de Pasteuria penetrans no controle de Meloidogyne javanica em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos eram compostos de quatro níveis de inóculo de P. penetrans, 0, 10x10(5), 50x10(5) e 100x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo autoclavado. Imediatamente após a inoculação da bactéria P. penetrans no solo autoclavado, 1.000 juvenis de segundo estádio de M. javanica foram inoculados em cada vaso. Quarenta e oito horas após a inoculação do nematóide, uma plântula de soja cv. FT-Cristalina, com três dias de idade, foi transplantada para cada vaso. O experimento foi avaliado em duas etapas: a primeira, 89 dias após o transplantio da soja, e a segunda, 90 dias após um segundo()plantio de soja, em seqüência a um pousio de 30 dias. Na primeira avaliação, o maior peso da matéria fresca da planta foi obtido no tratamento com 100x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo, o que diferiu significativamente (P<0,05) dos demais tratamentos, exceto o da testemunha. O maior aumento no peso da matéria fresca das vagens, obtido no tratamento com 100x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo, diferiu significativamente (P<0,05) dos demais tratamentos. A redução da população final do nematóide nos tratamentos com 10x10(5), 50x10(5) e 100x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo, em relação à testemunha, foi de 50,9%, 89,1% e 81,8%, respectivamente. Na segunda avaliação, o controle do nematóide nos níveis de 10x10(5), 50x10(5) e 100x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo foi de 94,7%, 99,7% e 100%, respectivamente. P. penetrans mostrou-se altamente eficiente no controle de M. javanica, mesmo no nível mais baixo de inóculo (10x10(5) endósporos/kg de solo).

The interaction between the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin and the attachment ofPasteuria penetransendospores to nematode cuticle

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MOHAN ◽  
S. FOULD ◽  
K. G. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Heparin Binding Domain ◽  
Human Fibronectin ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pasteuria penetransis a Gram-positive endospore-producing bacterium that is a parasite of root-knot nematodes. Attachment of endospores to the cuticle of the nematode is the first stage in the infection process. Western blot analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize the 30 kDa heparin-binding domain (HBD) and the 45 kDa gelatin-binding domain (GBD) fragments of human fibronectin (Fn) revealed a series of polypeptides of approximately 40, 45 and 55 kDa present in crude cuticle extracts ofMeloidogyne javanica2nd-stage juveniles. The results suggest that the structure of the nematode fibronectin is different to the fibronectins so far characterized. Pre-treatment of endospores ofPasteuriawith either the HBD or the GBD was found to inhibit binding to the nematode cuticle. The larger GBD fragment was the most effective at blocking adhesion. Pre-treatment of the GBD fragment with gelatin prevented the GBD fragment from inhibiting endospore attachment to the nematode cuticle.

Mitigation of Particulate Matter and Airborne Pathogens in Swine Barn Emissions with Filtration and UV-A Photocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Núbia Macedo ◽  
Peiyang Li ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Different Levels

This study evaluated the use of filtration and UV-A photocatalysis for the reduction of particulate matter (PM) and airborne bacterial pathogens in swine barns. Two MERV filters (8 and 15) were used to mitigate PM concentrations measured at the PM 1, PM 2.5, respirable PM, and PM 10 ranges. Filtration was also used to generate different levels of airborne pathogens to be treated by UV-A. Results show that MERV 8 and 15 filters effectively reduced PM concentrations (96-98%) in air exhausted from a swine barn (p ranged from &lt; 0.01 to 0.04). UV-A photocatalysis did not mitigate PM concentrations. UV-A photocatalysis treatment reduced measured colony-forming units (CFUs) by 15-95%. The CFU percent reduction was higher when airborne PM concentration was low. The numeric results suggested a real mitigation effect despite p-values that did not meet the usual statistical cut-off of &lt;0.05 for significance due to the large variability of the CFU control samples. Normalization of measured airborne pathogen concentrations by smaller PM size range concentrations led to emerging significant treatment differences for CFUs. A significant decrease (~60% reduction; p &lt; 0.03) in the concentration of viable airborne bacteria was shown for all PM below the 10-micron range.

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