PUFF-BY-PUFF DETERMINATION OF THE pH OF WATER-EXTRACTABLES FROM MAINSTREAM PARTICULATE PHASE AND WHOLE MAINSTREAM SMOKE OF REFERENCE AND COMMERCIAL CIGARETTES

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Williard ◽  
E. B. McDaniel ◽  
R. M. Striegel ◽  
R. T. Walker ◽  
M. S. Sudholt
Keyword(s):  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase

scholarly journals Determination of Mercury in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by Conventional and Amalgamation Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McDaniel ◽  
KM Torrence ◽  
DA Self ◽  
MJ Chang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

AbstractA method for differentiation of gas- and particulate-phase mercury in mainstream cigarette smoke was developed using electrostatic precipitation (EP) as the trap for the particulate phase and impingers containing acidic potassium permanganate solution as the trap for the gas-phase portion. The mercury collected from the gas phase was analyzed by conventional cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) and the particulate phase was analyzed by gold amalgamation CVAAS. Cigarettes were smoked under two smoking regimes, FTC (35-mL puff volume, 2 s puff duration and one puff every 60 s) and an alternative (45-mL puff volume, 2 s puff duration, one puff every 30 s and 50% of any ventilation holes blocked) currently recommended by the Massachusetts Department of Health. For the 1R4F reference cigarette smoked under the FTC smoking regime, the mercury found in the particulate phase was less than 0.2 ng/cig, compared with 4.9 ng/cig in the gas phase. By changing smoking parameters, the mercury concentration in mainstream smoke was found to change proportional to the delivery of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for the same type of cigarette. However, the mercury level for different types of cigarettes smoked under the same smoking parameters had no linear relationship with CSC delivery. Spiked recovery was 98% AA± 8% for gas-phase mercury and 97% AA± 2% for the particulate phase. These results indicate that the analytical method developed is suitable for the determination of mercury in mainstream smoke. For routine analytical work in a smoking laboratory, only the gas phase needs to be analyzed for determination of mercury in mainstream smoke because the amount of mercury in the particulate phase is negligible.

Electrospun nanofibers prepared using polystyrene (PS) with polymeric additives for the determination of nicotine in cigarette mainstream smoke

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 5120-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Guo ◽  
Xiaoyang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Dong ◽  
Hiudan Su ◽  
Ru Cai
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Polymeric Additives ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

The objective of this paper is to use electrospun nanofibers as the adsorbents in solid phase extraction (SPE) to improve the extraction efficiency.

scholarly journals Total Water Content of Mainstream Smoke and Sidestream Smoke / Über den Wassergehalt von Haupt- und Nebenstromrauch

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Neurath ◽  
H. Ehmke ◽  
H. Schneemann
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Convection Stream

AbstractThe present paper gives a balance of total water (comprising moisture content of tobacco as well as water of combustion) in the smoking of a plain cigarette without filter under standard conditions. 62.8 % of the hydrogen originally present in the burnt portion of the cigarette are transformed into water. The sidestream smoke is enriched by the total water to a large extent, i.e., in proportion to the total water of a cigarette, 14.4 mg of water are calculated to be transferred to the mainstream smoke and 344.7 mg to the sidestream smoke and to the ashes. 14.6 % of the said hydrogen are found to be delivered into the condensates of main and sidestream smoke in the form of slightly volatile compounds containing hydrogen. The residual 22.6 % are transferred into the gas-vapour phase in the form of volatile compounds. The interpretation of temperature measurements made along the axis of and in the space above a freely smouldering cigarette (without drawing) as well as the determination of the velocity (33 cm/sec) of the escaping sidestream smoke indicate the presence of a rapid and steep convection stream over the glowing zone. This finding accounts for the large water enrichment of the sidestream smoke and for the fact that water formed by the combustion process does not contribute to the transfer of steam-volatile substances into the sidestream smoke.

scholarly journals Differences in the Chemical Composition of the Particulate Phase of Inhaled and Exhaled Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Moldoveanu ◽  
FK St. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Mass Spectral Peak ◽  
Cigarette Butts

AbstractIn this study, a comparison between the chemical composition of the particulate-phase of exhaled smoke and that of smoke generated with a smoking machine has been performed. For this purpose, eight human subjects smoked a common Lights (10.6 mg ‘tar’/cig) commercial cigarette and the exhaled particulate-phase smoke from three cigarettes was collected on Cambridge pads for each smoker. The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The machine smoking was performed with a Borgwaldt RM20 CSR smoking machine working under conditions recommended by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to normalize the level of exhaled smoke condensate to that of the FTC smoking conditions. The smoke condensates from exhaled smoke as well as that from the machine smoking were analyzed by a gas chromatographic technique with mass spectral peak identification. The retention efficiency for 160 compounds was calculated from the ratio of the compound peak areas in the exhaled smoke (normalized by the corresponding butt nicotine level) vs. the areas of the corresponding peaks from the chromatogram of the smoke generated by the smoking machine. In the calculation of the results, it was assumed that the composition of mainstream smoke remains practically constant at different smoking regimes. All compounds found in the machine-generated smoke were also present in the exhaled smoke, but at different levels. About one third of the compounds were retained more than 66% by the smoker. Another third of the compounds were retained between 33% and 66%, and the rest of the compounds were retained very little from the mainstream particulate-phase of the cigarette smoke. The compounds retained more than 66% were in general compounds with lower molecular weight and with higher water solubility, which eluted first from a 5% phenyl dimethyl-polysiloxane (DB-5MS) chromatographic column. The compounds retained less than 33% from smoke were those with higher molecular weights and boiling points, which had longer elution times from the chromatographic column. These compounds consisted mainly of long-chain hydrocarbons (saturated or squalene type) and phytosterol-type compounds. The compounds retained between 33% and 66% had intermediate chromatographic retention times. No attempt was made to evaluate or identify new compounds formed in the exhaled smoke. The results were obtained from a limited number of subjects, but among these the retentions for individual compounds did not show large differences, indicating that the retention process is not very different for the subjects evaluated. An attempt was made to verify whether or not the retention of compounds by the smoker is analogous to a distribution process. Only weak correlations were obtained between the human retention and octanol/water partition coefficients or between the human retention and the chromatographic retention times of individual compounds.

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