Investigating commercial in ovo technology as a strategy for introducing probiotic bacteria to broiler embryos

This paper reports the success of intestinal colonisation of chickens and foetuses by probiotics after different methods of pre-hatch application. Hatcheries not using in ovo injection of probiotics or wish to avoid the reduced hatchability associated with in ovo injections prefer using alternatives to in ovo technologies. Therefore, we used noninvasive pre-hatch application methods. This included the vertical transmission of probiotics from the mother hen to offspring, application of probiotic late in incubation and transmission of probiotics during hatch. Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB11181) and Lactobacillus animalis (DSM33570) were used as probiotics. Probiotics were applied either through drinking water for the mother hens, by dipping the eggs in a probiotic solution on days 16-18 of incubation or through drops/spray on the eggshell of the fertilised eggs. Similarly, intestinal colonisation of the probiotic in chickens was investigated either before hatch (pre-hatch) or immediately after hatch (post-hatch). Based on the performed experiments, it is concluded that E. faecium was vertically transmitted from the mother hen to the offspring, as E. faecium was recovered in 20 and 33% of the offspring pre- and post-hatch, respectively. When applied on the eggshell, the recovery of E. faecium before hatch depended on the application method and ranged from 0 to 9%. In contrast, L. animalis was not recovered before hatch. Moreover, when sampling post-hatch 100% of the chickens were colonised when E. faecium was used and 54% were colonised when L. animalis was used. Furthermore, spray application with E. faecium was the most successful application method as 9% of the foetuses were colonised pre-hatch and 100% became colonised post-hatch. Therefore, pre-hatch application by, for example, spray of probiotics on the eggshell can be used as an easy-to-use, noninvasive method for early life colonisation of chicken gut.

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Effects of carbamylcholine on chick embryo aggregate retina cell cultures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103814 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 350-351

Author(s):

Glenn M. Cohen ◽

Radharaman Ray

Keyword(s):

Cell Cultures ◽

Single Cells ◽

Retinal Cell ◽

Cell Aggregates ◽

High Concentration ◽

In Ovo ◽

Sterile Culture ◽

Retinal Tissue ◽

Synaptic Junctions ◽

And Control

Retinal,cell aggregates develop in culture in a pattern similar to the in ovo retina, forming neurites first and then synapses. In the present study, we continuously exposed chick retinal cell aggregates to a high concentration (1 mM) of carbamylcholine (carbachol), an acetylcholine (ACh) analog that resists hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This situation is similar to organophosphorus anticholinesterase poisoning in which the ACh level is elevated at synaptic junctions due to inhibition of AChE, Our objective was to determine whether continuous carbachol exposure either damaged cholino- ceptive neurites, cell bodies, and synaptic elements of the aggregates or influenced (hastened or retarded) their development.The retinal tissue was isolated aseptically from 11 day embryonic White Leghorn chicks and then enzymatically (trypsin) and mechanically (trituration) dissociated into single cells. After washing the cells by repeated suspension and low (about 200 x G) centrifugation twice, aggregate cell cultures (about l0 cells/culture) were initiated in 1.5 ml medium (BME, GIBCO) in 35 mm sterile culture dishes and maintained as experimental (containing 10-3 M carbachol) and control specimens.

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The Host Immune Response to Clostridium Difficile and the Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic Bacteria in Vitro

Endoscopy ◽

10.1055/s-2006-956886 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

Author(s):

JA Ryan ◽

A Fanning ◽

B Sheil ◽

L O'Mahony ◽

F Shanahan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects

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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГЛЮКОЗЫ ЭМБРИОНАМИ КУР РАЗЛИЧНОГО НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-3-48-52 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

In Ovo

ДОЛГОРУКОВА А. М., ЗОТОВ А. А. Федеральный научный центр «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводства» Р оссийской академии наук (ФНЦ «ВНИТИП» РАН) Аннотация: В статье представлены результаты изучения особенностей использования глюкозы эмбрионами кур двух направлений продуктивности - мясного и мясояичного при введении экзогенных углеводов in ovo. Работа была проведена на эмбрионах кур пород корниш и «мини мясные». На 18-е сутки инкубации осуществляли инъекцию в амнион эмбриона растворов экзогенных углеводов глюкозы и декстрина, затем анализировали биохимические параметры крови эмбрионов и цыплят. Было показано, что инъекции экзогенных углеводов не оказали отрицательного влияния на выводимость яиц. В результате исследований выявлено, что экзогенные углеводы, как глюкоза, так и декстрин, успешно усваиваются эмбрионом, на что указывает достоверное (p<0,01; p<0,05) повышение уровней глюкозы и лактата в крови после инъекции. Инъекции экзогенных углеводов способствовали усилению процессов гликолиза, необходимого для получения энергии в период гипоксии. Эмбрионы породы корниш, характеризующиеся высокой скоростью роста, быстрее использовали глюкозу для энергетических нужд, а также имели более высокую активность фермента α-амилазы в крови по сравнению с эмбрионами породы «мини мясные». Ключевые слова: КУРЫ, ЭМБРИОНАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ, ГИПОКСИЯ, ГЛЮКОЗА , ДЕКСТРИН , ИНЪЕКЦИИ IN OVO.

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