Faculty Opinions recommendation of In vivo comparative study of RNAi methodologies by in ovo electroporation in the chick embryo.

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harukazu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Electroporation

scholarly journals In vivo comparative study of RNAi methodologies by in ovo electroporation in the chick embryo

2004 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rao ◽  
J.H. Baraban ◽  
F. Rajaii ◽  
S. Sockanathan
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Electroporation

Engrailed defines the position of dorsal di-mesencephalic boundary by repressing diencephalic fate

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (22) ◽  
pp. 5127-5135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Araki ◽  
H. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
In Ovo Electroporation ◽  
The Brain

Regionalization of a simple neural tube is a fundamental event during the development of central nervous system. To analyze in vivo the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of mesencephalon, we ectopically expressed Engrailed, which is expressed in developing mesencephalon, in the brain of chick embryos by in ovo electroporation. Misexpression of Engrailed caused a rostral shift of the di-mesencephalic boundary, and caused transformation of dorsal diencephalon into tectum, a derivative of dorsal mesencephalon. Ectopic Engrailed rapidly repressed Pax-6, a marker for diencephalon, which preceded the induction of mesencephalon-related genes such as Pax-2, Pax-5, Fgf8, Wnt-1 and EphrinA2. In contrast, a mutant Engrailed, En-2(F51rE), bearing mutation in EH1 domain, which has been shown to interact with a co-repressor, Groucho, did not show the phenotype induced by wild-type Engrailed. Furthermore, VP16-Engrailed chimeric protein, the dominant positive form of Engrailed, caused caudal shift of di-mesencephalic boundary and ectopic Pax-6 expression in mesencephalon. These data suggest that (1) Engrailed defines the position of dorsal di-mesencephalic boundary by directly repressing diencephalic fate, and (2) Engrailed positively regulates the expression of mesencephalon-related genes by repressing the expression of their negative regulator(s).

scholarly journals Analysis of retinal cell development in chick embryo by immunohistochemistry and in ovo electroporation techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Doh ◽  
Hailing Hao ◽  
Stephanie C Loh ◽  
Tapan Patel ◽  
Haim Y Tawil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Electroporation

A Comparative Study of the in vivo Distribution of 32P-Polyphosphates and 32P-Orthophosphate

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Esther Miller ◽  
Leopoldo Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
In Vivo Distribution ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Total Body

SummaryThe distribution of 32P-polyphosphates (lineal and cross-linked) and 32Porthophosphate in normal and tumor bearing animals has been studied. Differences between the cross-linked and the lineal form are related to a different degree of susceptibility to the hydrolysis by the phosphatases. In contrast to orthophosphate, the polyphosphates showed a lower accumulation in soft tissues which gives an advantageous reduction of the total body radiation dose.

Studies on Chick Embryo Thrombocytes

1963 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Stalsberg ◽  
Hans Prydz
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
Cut Edge ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Cellular Constituent

SummaryThe formation of hemostatic plugs were studied in the chick embryo through in vivo microscopy, in sections of hemostatic plugs and by measurements of primary bleeding time. Thrombocytes were found to be their only cellular constituent. Ability to form adequate hemostatic plugs appeared rather abruptly in embryos of stages 16-17 and coincided with an increase in thrombocyte precursors (stages III and IV).The thrombocytes initially adhere to the cut edge of the vessel. The extension of the hemostatic plug into the vessel lumen is a secondary step in plug development.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marilyn Smart ◽  
Edwin D. Kilbourne
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Present System ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Experimental Viral Infection

A comparative study was undertaken of the pathogenesis of infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with three influenza viruses of differing virulence, and of the influence of hydrocortisone on the course of infection. Judged on the basis of earlier onset and greater degree of inflammatory response and diminished survival time of infected embryos, Mel. and Lee viruses were markedly more virulent than PR8, despite the earlier appearance of virus in PR8-infected embryos. Interferon appeared first and in greater quantity in the allantoic fluid of Lee-infected embryos and latest with PR8 infection. Thus, there was no correlation of avirulence and better interferon production with the viruses under study in the present system. Furthermore, evidence obtained suggested that Lee virus ("virulent") was most susceptible to interferon action, and also that viral synthesis in the chorioallantoic membrane with PR8 ("avirulent") persisted after the appearance of interferon. The injection of hydrocortisone within 2 hr of the initiation of infection delayed the synthesis of all three viruses; had no significant effect upon the inflammatory response; and transiently inhibited the synthesis of interferon, while prolonging the survival of Lee- and Mel.-infected embryos. Late administration of hydrocortisone suppresses both the inflammatory response and the production of interferon. Only in the case of Lee virus infection did hydrocortisone administration lead to augmentation of final yields of virus with the low infection multiplicity employed in the present experiments. It is postulated that Lee virus is a better inducer of interferon because its infectivity in vivo is more rapidly inactivated. As a consequence synthesis of Lee virus is more under the control of endogenous interferon than is the case with PR8 or Mel. virus. Therefore, inhibition of interferon synthesis with hydrocortisone has a greater influence on final yields of Lee virus.

scholarly journals Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meijerink ◽  
Jean E. de Oliveira ◽  
Daphne A. van Haarlem ◽  
Guilherme Hosotani ◽  
David M. Lamot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Long Chain

Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.

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