scholarly journals Biochemical Profiling of Resistant Phenotypes Against Bipolaris oryzae Causing Brown Spot Disease in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benish Ashfaq ◽  
Hafiz M. Imran Arshad ◽  
M. Atiq ◽  
Sumaira Yousaf ◽  
Kamran Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Brown leaf spot disease of rice is a dominant lethal disease, caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae. The pathogen is an obligate parasite and causes qualitative and quantitative damage to rice crop. The objective of the present study was to investigate what extent the defense related biochemical compounds reflect the distinct categories of resistance phenotypes in rice against brown spot disease. This was done by determining the concentration of Catalase (CAT), Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Peroxidase (POD), and β-1,3-Glucanase enzymes in resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible rice genotypes. The disease resistant phenotypes in rice line (PARC-7) reflect the higher accumulation of CAT, PAL, PPO, POD, and β-1,3-Glucanase. The pattern of enzyme accumulation was similar in all resistant genotypes. The rice genotypes with moderately resistant phenotypes showed significant difference with respect to the concentration of biochemical defense-related compounds. The difference in accumulation of defense related enzymes reflected the level of disease severity (% leaf area covered) on resistant and moderately resistant genotypes. The susceptible rice genotypes showed the minimum concentration of these enzymes, with the lowest concentrations found in the rice variety Bas-2000 (80% Disease Index). The differential defense response in resistant and susceptible genotypes suggests that these enzymes can be used as biochemical markers for early detection of disease resistant genotypes. The study of enzyme accumulation at different time points and at different levels of disease severity helps to understand the resistance mechanisms against brown spot disease in rice.

scholarly journals Screening of Some Exotic Rice Germplasm Against Brown Spot (Bipolaris oryzae) Disease under Rainfed Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Ten different lines including one approved variety and one susceptible check were tested against brown spot disease of rice under low water application conditions. The disease data were recorded on 1-9 rating scale. The results revealed highly significant differences among various rice genotypes against disease reaction ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible in different genotypes. Three lines remained highly resistant, four resistant and two moderately resistant under rainfed conditions. 

scholarly journals Screening Rice Genotypes for Brown Spot Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Arati Dhungana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Rice Genotypes

A field experiment was conducted to screen 20 rice genotypes against brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae under natural epiphytotic field conditions at Bangaun, Dang, Nepal, from June 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Sawa Mansuli was taken as susceptible check and Sabitri as a resistant check in the experiment. Disease assessment was done by calculating disease severity and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Among the evaluated genotypes, disease severity and AUDPC varied in the field experiments. Rice genotypes showed the resistance to highly susceptible reactions based on AUDPC value which ranged from 88.51 to 260.65. Among the evalauted rice genotypes in the field experiment, the highest mean AUDPC value was recorded with Basmati (260.65) followed by Radha-13 (172.80) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (88.51). Similarly, the highest severity rate was recorded with Basmati (25.91) followed by Radha-13 (21.00) and Tilki (20.75) and the lowest was recorded with Kathe Jhinuwa (11.03) which was at par with Radha-4 (11.11) followed by Sukhadhan-1 (12.02) and Sabitri (12.06). The highest grain yield was recorded with Sarju-52 (4.32 t/ha) followed by Sabitri (4.19 t/ha). Grain yield was negatively correlated with mean AUDPC by 14.77%. Kathe Jhinuwa, Radha-4, and Sabitri can be used for higher grain yield purposes under similar field conditions and also can be utilized as the source of resistance in a plant breeding program.

scholarly journals Reaction of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 028-036
Author(s):  
William Norbert Kuate Tueguem ◽  
Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽  
Thierry Atindo Songwe ◽  
Alain Heu ◽  
Charles Essome Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

In Africa, rice is produced and is a source of food energy in most developing countries. But its cultivation faces to brown spot disease, caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker, which is a serious seed-borne and seed transmitted disease of rice worldwide.The aim of this study was to screen rice varieties for resistance to brown spot disease in field conditions inYaoundé. A completely randomized Fisher block design with three repetitions was used during 2 growing seasons (2015 and 2016). Growth, yields and disease (incidence and severity) parameters were evaluated on four rice varieties (Nerica 3 and 8, White rice and Kamkou). Results show that height of the Nerica 8 variety (86.03cm) and the number of tillers of Kamkou variety (21.66) were significantly highest compared to others varieties (P<0.05) at 59 Days After Sowing (DAS). There was no significant difference on disease incidence for the different rice varieties at the end of rice plant cycle. However disease severity was lower on Nerica 3(2.71%) and Nerica8 (2.05%) varieties and higher on White variety (4.57%). Hence, Nerica 3 and 8 varieties were more tolerant to brown spot disease than others varieties. Overall, Nerica 3 (3.68 t ha-1) and Kamkou (3.51 t ha-1) varieties resulted in higher yields than white rice 28.93 t ha-1.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

scholarly journals Effects of BAU- biofungicide and Proud on disease severity, seed quality, vigour index and health status of seed against brown spot disease of rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 5092-5099
Author(s):  
Mahmud Hyat ◽  
Hossain Ismail ◽  
Dey Purnima ◽  
K. M. Kamal Hasan A. ◽  
Afsar Uddin Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Vigour Index

scholarly journals Alginate encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum against brown spot disease on rice (Oryzae sativa) in vivo assays

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
I.S. Mohd Anuar ◽  
K.A. Ku Sulong ◽  
H. Abdul Ghani ◽  
M.Z. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Alginate Encapsulation ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Rice Plantation

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot disease which is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. Nowadays, biological methods are effective controls which need to be developed in order to use less chemical control. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to characterize the B. oryzae as a biocontrol agent and to measure the performance of encapsulated T. harzianum in controlling brown spot disease. Bipolaris oryzae was characterized based on morphological characteristics and alginate encapsulation was produced from conidial suspension by adding sodium alginate and calcium chloride which results in small beads. Alginate formulation was applied to the rice seedling to find the result on this formulation. As a result, the application of encapsulation T. harzianum to control brown spot disease showed the inhibition of the disease. As a conclusion, this can be an alternative method to control brown spot disease which will render easier application to rice plantation in the future.

Hydroponic culture of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) and its application to studies of silicon nutrition and fungal brown spot disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
J. A. Percich
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Zizania Palustris ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Silicon Nutrition

The mineral nutrient requirements of wild rice (Z. palustris var. interior L.) grown on flooded soils in Minnesota are poorly understood. A hydroponics culture system was developed to study the effects of silicon on the growth and fungal brown spot disease (FBS) resistance of wild rice. Wild rice was grown to maturity using a modified Hoagland’s solution. Plants attained a height of 1.4 m and had healthy roots, leaves and inflorescences containing viable seeds. Plant height and biomass were approximately 80 and 46%, respectively, of plants grown in cultivated paddies. A method was developed to reliably infect leaves and stems of hydroponically grown wild rice with Bipolaris oryzae, the pathogen causing FBS. Silicon amendments did not significantly increase growth and had no apparent effect on resistance to FBS. Key words: Bipolaris oryzae, hydroponic culture, plant nutrition, silicon, wild rice, Zizania palustris

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document