scholarly journals Effects of Banana Resistant Starch on the Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Flora of Obese Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Their Correlation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Fu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Simin Tan ◽  
Juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Level 3

The effects of banana resistant starch (BRS) on obesity-related metabolic and intestinal flora were investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. After 6 weeks of intervention, the glucolipid metabolism index [blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], hormone index [leptin (LEP), insulin (INS), ghrelin, adiponectin (ADP), and thyroxine (T4)], and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were performed for each group to explore the regulating effect of intestinal flora and the mechanism of weight loss in obese rats. The results showed that (1) BRS intervention significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, LEP, and INS (p < 0.01) and increased the contents of ghrelin (p < 0.05) and ADP (p < 0.01). (2) BRS could improve the diversity of intestinal flora and regulate the overall structure of intestinal microorganisms, mainly by upregulating the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and downregulating the relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes (at the phylum level). BRS could inhibit the proliferation of Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella and increase the abundances of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level). (3) Some significant correlations were observed between the gut microbiota and biomarkers. Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella were positively correlated with GLU, TG, TC, LEP, and INS and negatively correlated with ghrelin and ADP. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with GLU, TG, and TC. Conclusion: BRS had promising effects on weight loss, which could be associated with the improvement in host metabolism by regulating intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Antidyslipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Ibitoye ◽  
U. M. Ghali ◽  
J. B. Adekunle ◽  
J. N. Uwazie ◽  
T. O. Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular related complications in Nigeria. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. HFD-fed rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mgkg−1 body weight of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves for 4 weeks starting from 9th week of HFD treatment. D. cumminsii leaves aqueous extract reversed HFD-mediated decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Moreover, HFD-mediated elevation in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in rats liver was lowered. HFD-mediated alterations in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reversed by the extract. The treatment of HFD-fed rats reduced the levels of insulin, leptin, protein carbonyl, fragmented DNA, and tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL- 8 and increased the adiponectin level. This study showed that aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves has potential antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity-related disorder in HFD-induced obese rats.

scholarly journals Melatonin Improves Fatty Liver Syndrome by Inhibiting the Lipogenesis Pathway in Hamsters with High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hsuan Ou ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on hepatic lipid metabolism in hamsters with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia. Male Syrian hamsters were kept on either a chow control (C) or HFD for four weeks. After four weeks, animals fed the HFD were further randomly assigned to four groups: high-fat only (P), melatonin low-dosage (L), medium-dosage (M), and high-dosage (H) groups. The L, M, and H groups, respectively, received 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg/day of a melatonin solution, while the P and C groups received the ethanol vehicle. After eight weeks of the intervention, results showed that a low dose of melatonin significantly reduced HFD-induced hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides; decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). In addition, melatonin markedly decreased activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (p < 0.05), and elevated the relative hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α expression in hamsters with HFD-induced hyperlipidemia. Consequently, melatonin reduced activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ACC and FAS. In summary, chronic melatonin administration improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in Syrian hamsters with HFD-induced dyslipidemia, which might have occurred through inhibiting the lipogenesis pathway.

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Paeonia emodi Royle against High-Fat Diet Induced Oxidative Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal A. Zargar ◽  
Mubashir H. Masoodi ◽  
Bahar Ahmed ◽  
Showkat A. Ganie
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

The present study was intended to evaluate the effects of Paeonia emodi rhizome extracts on serum triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The plant was extensively examined for its in vitro antioxidant activity, and the preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocols. Male Wistar rats were induced with hyperlipidemia using high-fat diet and were treated orally with hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw for 30 days. TGs, TC, LDL-c, and AI were significantly reduced while HDL-c, SOD, and GPx levels rose to a considerable extent. After subjecting to acute toxicity testing, the extracts were found to be safe. The observations suggest antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of P. emodi in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic/oxidative stressed rats.

scholarly journals The effects of long-term moderate exercise and Western-type diet on oxidative/nitrosative stress, serum lipids and cytokines in female Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Donatella Semeraro ◽  
Gunter Almer ◽  
Melanie Kaiser ◽  
Sieglinde Zelzer ◽  
Andreas Meinitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

Abstract Purpose Regular exercise reduces obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, health-promoting benefits of physical activity are commonly associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we tested whether constant moderate exercise is able to prevent or attenuate the oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and serum lipids in lean and obese rats. Methods Four-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats received standard or a high-fat diet. Animals were subjected to a physical activity protocol, consisting of 30 min forced treadmill exercise for 5 consecutive days per week during 10 months. Baseline and sedentary (non-exercised) rats were used as controls. Lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide metabolites, and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were measured in blood collected upon euthanasia. Results At variance to young baseline control rats, 14-month-old animals fed normal diet had increased plasma lipid levels, including total cholesterol and triglycerides, which were further elevated in rats that consumed a high-fat diet. While treadmill exercise did not lower the amount of serum lipids in standard diet group, forced physical activity reduced non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in response to high-fat diet feeding. Exercised rats fed standard diet or high-fat diet had lower abundancy of nitric oxide metabolites, which coincided with increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Accordingly, the amount of nitric oxide metabolites correlated inversely with oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homo-arginine. Exercise significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet fed rats only. Conclusion Our study suggests that regular exercise alters the equilibrium between oxidative and anti-oxidative compounds and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides Regulate the Gut Microbiota To Modulate Metabolites in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Fan ◽  
Lu Yan ◽  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Zhiyu Pu ◽  
Yannan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Serum Metabolomics

Abstract Previous studies had indicated that the gut microbiota was a main internal factor leading to obesity through energy storage and metabolic disorders. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) have been discovered with a more protective effect on intestinal flora. But it is unclear whether LBP could regulate the gut microbiota to modulate metabolites, finally relieving obesity. A related study of high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling in LBP intervention on high fat diet-induced obese rats then explored the beneficial effects of LBP and the underlying mechanism. LBP affected lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, Triglyceride, and High-density lipoprotein. The gut microbiota result detected 16 types of the phylum of bacteria in total, while four of them (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres) were significantly different. LBP upregulated the level of Firmicutes of obese rats. LBP might associate with the gut microbiota that participates in the membrane transport and metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and lipid. The serum metabolomics profiling of high-fat diet-induced obesity rats found over 30 differential metabolites between model and intervention groups. Primary metabolites include cortisol, glycohyocholic acid, homo-L-arginine, ursodeoxycholic acid, isoursodeoxycholic acid, glycoursocholic acid, 4-ethylphenylsulfate, deoxycholic acid, 7-hydroxy-3-oxocholanoic acid isomers, gly-phe, pipecolic acid, proline betaine, and pyrocatechol sulfate. Pathway analysis in serum found four disorder pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycine-serine-threonine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. The studies revealed that LBP treatment increased the diversity of fecal microorganisms and reduced metabolic disorders in obese rats. LBP ameliorated metabolic disorders and rebalanced the gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions from Thymus atlanticus on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhamed Ramchoun ◽  
Tarik Khouya ◽  
Hicham Harnafi ◽  
Chakib Alem ◽  
Mohamed Benlyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Mountain Area

Abstract Background Thymus atlanticus is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region, which has been used in the Moroccan mountain area to treat several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions derived from this plant on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in male albino mice. Results The results indicated that the injection of Triton WR-1339 (20 mg/100 g body weight (B.wt.)) and 6-week administration of a high-fat diet (which is an 81.8% standard diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol, 16% lard, and 0.2% cholic acid) significantly increased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but did not affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in mice. Administration of a single dose (2 mg/kg B.wt.) of polyphenol, flavonoid, or saponin fractions significantly suppressed the effect of Triton injection on plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C. In addition, the supplementation of the high-fat diet with polyphenol fraction (2 mg/kg B.wt./day) prevented the increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C, and effectively increased HDL-C level when compared to mice feeding only the high-fat diet. Conclusion In conclusion, phenolic compounds from Thymus atlanticus possess a significant hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects and, therefore, could have an important role in the management of dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals The cholesterol-raising effect of coffee in the Syrian hamster

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. B. Sanders ◽  
Sanoja Sandaradura
Keyword(s):  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Suitable Animal Model

Adult male Syrian hamsters were fed on a high-fat diet with or without access to boiled coffee. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein- and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were increased by the coffee and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were lowered. It is concluded that the Syrian hamster is a suitable animal model in which to study the hypercholesterolaemic effect of coffee

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