Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides Regulate the Gut Microbiota To Modulate Metabolites in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Abstract Previous studies had indicated that the gut microbiota was a main internal factor leading to obesity through energy storage and metabolic disorders. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides (LBP) have been discovered with a more protective effect on intestinal flora. But it is unclear whether LBP could regulate the gut microbiota to modulate metabolites, finally relieving obesity. A related study of high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling in LBP intervention on high fat diet-induced obese rats then explored the beneficial effects of LBP and the underlying mechanism. LBP affected lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, Triglyceride, and High-density lipoprotein. The gut microbiota result detected 16 types of the phylum of bacteria in total, while four of them (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres) were significantly different. LBP upregulated the level of Firmicutes of obese rats. LBP might associate with the gut microbiota that participates in the membrane transport and metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and lipid. The serum metabolomics profiling of high-fat diet-induced obesity rats found over 30 differential metabolites between model and intervention groups. Primary metabolites include cortisol, glycohyocholic acid, homo-L-arginine, ursodeoxycholic acid, isoursodeoxycholic acid, glycoursocholic acid, 4-ethylphenylsulfate, deoxycholic acid, 7-hydroxy-3-oxocholanoic acid isomers, gly-phe, pipecolic acid, proline betaine, and pyrocatechol sulfate. Pathway analysis in serum found four disorder pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycine-serine-threonine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid metabolism. The studies revealed that LBP treatment increased the diversity of fecal microorganisms and reduced metabolic disorders in obese rats. LBP ameliorated metabolic disorders and rebalanced the gut microbiome.

Download Full-text

Saturated hydrogen improves lipid metabolism disorders and dysbacteriosis induced by a high-fat diet

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370219898407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 245 (6) ◽

pp. 512-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiangjie Qiu ◽

Qiaona Ye ◽

Mengxing Sun ◽

Lili Wang ◽

Yurong Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Isocitrate Lyase ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Glyoxylic Acid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Fat ◽

Acid Cycle

Studies have shown that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with intestinal flora imbalance. The amplification of opportunistic pathogens induced by the glyoxylic acid cycle contributes to intestinal flora imbalance. Promising, though, is that saturated hydrogen can effectively improve the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. However, the specific mechanism of how saturated hydrogen operates is still not very clear. In this study, after a high-fat diet, the level of total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood of mice increased, and that of high-density lipoprotein decreased. Intestinal fatty acid metabolism-related gene Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), fatty acid synthase (FAS), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAPB), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus counts in feces decreased considerably, while Enterobacter cloacae increased. The activity of isocitrate lyase in feces increased markedly. Treatment of mice with saturated hydrogen led to decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood. FAS and I-FAPB gene expression in the small intestine decreased. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in feces increased significantly, whereas Enterobacter cloacae decreased. The activity of isocitrate lyase also diminished remarkably. These results suggest that saturated hydrogen could improve intestinal structural integrity and lipid metabolism disorders by inhibiting the glyoxylic acid cycle of the intestinal flora. Impact statement Past studies have shown that hydrogen can improve metabolic disorders, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. It is well known that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with changes in the intestinal flora. The glyoxylic acid cycle is an essential metabolic pathway in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and plants and could be the portal for mechanisms related to metabolic disorders. Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can recycle fatty acids to synthesize sugars and other pathogenic substances using the glyoxylic acid cycle. So, the glyoxylic acid cycle may be involved in intestinal dysbacteriosis under high-fat diet. This study, therefore, seeks to provide the mechanism of how hydrogen improves metabolic diseases and a new basis for the use of hydrogen in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Download Full-text

Effects of Banana Resistant Starch on the Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Flora of Obese Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Their Correlation Analysis

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.575724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jinfeng Fu ◽

Yuting Wang ◽

Simin Tan ◽

Juan Wang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Level 3

The effects of banana resistant starch (BRS) on obesity-related metabolic and intestinal flora were investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. After 6 weeks of intervention, the glucolipid metabolism index [blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], hormone index [leptin (LEP), insulin (INS), ghrelin, adiponectin (ADP), and thyroxine (T4)], and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were performed for each group to explore the regulating effect of intestinal flora and the mechanism of weight loss in obese rats. The results showed that (1) BRS intervention significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, LEP, and INS (p < 0.01) and increased the contents of ghrelin (p < 0.05) and ADP (p < 0.01). (2) BRS could improve the diversity of intestinal flora and regulate the overall structure of intestinal microorganisms, mainly by upregulating the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and downregulating the relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes (at the phylum level). BRS could inhibit the proliferation of Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella and increase the abundances of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level). (3) Some significant correlations were observed between the gut microbiota and biomarkers. Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella were positively correlated with GLU, TG, TC, LEP, and INS and negatively correlated with ghrelin and ADP. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with GLU, TG, and TC. Conclusion: BRS had promising effects on weight loss, which could be associated with the improvement in host metabolism by regulating intestinal flora.

Download Full-text

Supplementation With Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Reduce Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.719967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Yang ◽

Yexin Yin ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Haihan Zhang ◽

Xiaokang Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Short Chain ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Lycium Barbarum ◽

Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have been proved to prevent obesity and modulate gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms of LBPs’ regulating lipid metabolism remain entirely unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether LBPs are able to modulate the gut microbiota to prevent obesity. The results showed that oral administration of LBPs alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing the serum levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and elevating the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese mice. Furthermore, LBP treatment decreased the number and size of adipocytes in epididymal adipose tissues and downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that LBPs increased the diversity of bacteria, reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the gut dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet; for example, LBPs increased the production of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Lacticigenium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Butyricicoccus. LBPs treatment also increased the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids, including butyric acid. These findings illustrate that LBPs might be developed as a potential prebiotic to improve lipid metabolism and intestinal diseases.

Download Full-text

DHA-enriched phospholipids from large yellow croaker roe regulate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota imbalance on SD rats with a high-fat diet

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00747e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodan Lu ◽

Rongbin Zhong ◽

Ling Hu ◽

Luyao Huang ◽

Lijiao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Large Yellow Croaker ◽

High Fat ◽

Sd Rats

Abstract Large yellow croaker roe phospholipids (LYCRPLs) has great nutritional value because of containing rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a kind of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). In...

Download Full-text

Effect of Soybean and Soybean Koji on Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6032

Author(s):

Sihoon Park ◽

Jae-Joon Lee ◽

Hye-Won Shin ◽

Sunyoon Jung ◽

Jung-Heun Ha

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Health Concern ◽

High Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels

Soybean koji refers to steamed soybeans inoculated with microbial species. Soybean fermentation improves the health benefits of soybeans. Obesity is a serious health concern owing to its increasing incidence rate and high association with other metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effects of soybean and soybean koji on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group) as follows: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + steamed soybean (HFD+SS), and (4) HFD + soybean koji (HFD+SK). SK contained more free amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids than SS. In a rat model of obesity, SK consumption significantly alleviated the increase in weight of white adipose tissue and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, whereas SS consumption did not. Both SS and SK reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SS and SK also inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver and white adipose tissue and reduced adipocyte size. Although both SS and SK could alleviate HFD-induced dyslipidemia, SK has better anti-obesity effects than SS by regulating lipogenesis. Overall, SK is an excellent functional food that may prevent obesity.

Download Full-text

The ameliorative effect of the Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H. L. Li extract on intestinal barrier dysfunction through modulating glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed rats

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo01599j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 6517-6532 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hang Xu ◽

Chunfang Zhao ◽

Yutian Li ◽

Ruiyu Liu ◽

Mingzhang Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

High Fat ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Ameliorative Effect

Pyracantha fortuneana fruit extract (PFE) exhibits beneficial effects on IBF in association with the modulation of glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in HFD-fed obese rats.

Download Full-text

Regulatory Efficacy of Spirulina platensis Protease Hydrolyzate on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4023 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Pengpeng Hua ◽

Zhiying Yu ◽

Yu Xiong ◽

Bin Liu ◽

Lina Zhao

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

High Fat

Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a public health issue. Spirulina platensis is a widely used natural weight-reducing agent and Spirulina platensis is a kind of protein source. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH) on the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Our study showed that SPPH decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), but increased the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum and liver. Moreover, SPPH had a hypolipidemic effect as indicated by the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), SREBP-1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) at the mRNA level in liver. SPPH treatment enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, our study showed that SPPH might be produce glucose metabolic benefits in rats with diet-induced LMD. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SPPH on the metabolism remain to be further investigated. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings illustrate that Spirulina platensis peptides have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and our data provides evidence that SPPH might be used as an adjuvant therapy and functional food in obese and diabetic individuals.

Download Full-text