Coding and Non-coding RNAs: Molecular Basis of Forest-Insect Outbreaks

Cattle-yak, as the hybrid offspring of cattle (Bos taurus) and yak (Bos grunniens), demonstrates obvious heterosis in production performance. Male hybrid sterility has been focused on for a long time; however, the mRNAs and non-coding RNAs related to muscle development as well as their regulatory networks remain unclear. The phenotypic data showed that the production performance (i.e., body weight, withers height, body length, and chest girth) of cattle-yak was significantly better than that of the yak, and the economic benefits of the cattle-yak were higher under the same feeding conditions. Then, we detected the expression profiles of the longissimus dorsi muscle of cattle-yak and yak to systematically reveal the molecular basis using the high-throughput sequencing technology. Here, 7,126 mRNAs, 791 lncRNAs, and 1,057 circRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between cattle-yaks and yaks in the longissimus dorsi muscle. These mRNAs, lncRNA targeted genes, and circRNA host genes were significantly enriched in myoblast differentiation and some signaling pathways related to muscle development (such as HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway). We constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and found that some non-coding RNAs differentially expressed may be involved in the regulation of muscle traits. Taken together, this study may be used as a reference tool to provide the molecular basis for studying muscle development.

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Mapping Multiple Insect Outbreaks across Large Regions Annually Using Landsat Time Series Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12101655 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin C. Bright ◽

Andrew T. Hudak ◽

Arjan J.H. Meddens ◽

Joel M. Egan ◽

Carl L. Jorgensen

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

High Resolution ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Google Earth ◽

Series Data ◽

Tree Level ◽

Insect Outbreaks ◽

Forest Insect

Forest insect outbreaks have caused and will continue to cause extensive tree mortality worldwide, affecting ecosystem services provided by forests. Remote sensing is an effective tool for detecting and mapping tree mortality caused by forest insect outbreaks. In this study, we map insect-caused tree mortality across three coniferous forests in the Western United States for the years 1984 to 2018. First, we mapped mortality at the tree level using field observations and high-resolution multispectral imagery collected in 2010, 2011, and 2018. Using these high-resolution maps of tree mortality as reference images, we then classified moderate-resolution Landsat imagery as disturbed or undisturbed and for disturbed pixels, predicted percent tree mortality with random forest (RF) models. The classification approach and RF models were then applied to time series of Landsat imagery generated with Google Earth Engine (GEE) to create annual maps of percent tree mortality. We separated disturbed from undisturbed forest with overall accuracies of 74% to 80%. Cross-validated RF models explained 61% to 68% of the variation in percent tree mortality within disturbed 30-m pixels. Landsat-derived maps of tree mortality were comparable to vector aerial survey data for a variety of insect agents, in terms of spatial patterns of mortality and annual estimates of total mortality area. However, low-level tree mortality was not always detected. We conclude that our methodology has the potential to generate reasonable estimates of annual tree mortality across large extents.

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Geographic variation in forest composition and precipitation predict the synchrony of forest insect outbreaks

Oikos ◽

10.1111/oik.04388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 127 (4) ◽

pp. 634-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kyle J. Haynes ◽

Andrew M. Liebhold ◽

Ottar N. Bjørnstad ◽

Andrew J. Allstadt ◽

Randall S. Morin

Keyword(s):

Geographic Variation ◽

Forest Composition ◽

Insect Outbreaks ◽

Forest Insect

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Long non-coding RNAs and cancer metastasis: Molecular basis and therapeutic implications

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1875 (2) ◽

pp. 188519

Author(s):

Hui Ming ◽

Bowen Li ◽

Li Zhou ◽

Ajay Goel ◽

Canhua Huang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Basis ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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TEMPERATE FOREST INSECT OUTBREAKS, TROPICAL DEFORESTATION AND MIGRATORY BIRDS

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm120146021-1 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 120 (S146) ◽

pp. 21-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

C.S. Holling

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Contingency Planning ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Anthropogenic Influences ◽

Insect Outbreaks ◽

Forest Insect ◽

Regional Patterns ◽

Key Features

AbstractEcosystems that are managed for resource production are under continual structural change. Changes imposed by local management aggregate to produce regional patterns and new regionwide responses. Anthropogenic influences on hemispheric and global processes add another level of change. The result is a bewildering variety of real or anticipated changes unique to experience. For example, in the spruce/fir and budworm interaction of eastern North America, a syndrome of causes affects the vulnerability of renewable resources, and the triggers of change can never be predicted. Yet, it is possible to identify key features that affect resilience of ecosystems and robustness of regulation and to reject other possibilities. This approach provides a way to assign priorities for research and for contingency planning to adapt to change.

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