scholarly journals Marine Natural Products and Coronary Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Xin-Yi Cai ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is the major cause of mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income earners. To not only reduce angina symptoms and exercise-induced ischemia but also prevent cardiovascular events, pharmacological intervention strategies, including antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulant drugs, statins, and other lipid-lowering drugs, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers, are conducted. However, the existing drugs for coronary artery disease are incomprehensive and have some adverse reactions. Thus, it is necessary to look for new drug research and development. Marine natural products have been considered a valuable source for drug discovery because of their chemical diversity and biological activities. The experiments and investigations indicated that several marine natural products, such as organic small molecules, polysaccharides, proteins, and bioactive peptides, and lipids were effective for treating coronary artery disease. Here, we particularly discussed the functions and mechanisms of active substances in coronary artery disease, including antiplatelet, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) are associated with monocyte subsets in patients with stable coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Krychtiuk ◽  
M Lenz ◽  
P Hohensinner ◽  
K Distelmaier ◽  
L Schrutka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Classical Monocytes

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): FWF Background and aims Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is an enzyme promoting the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) in hepatocytes. Inhibition of PCSK9 has emerged as a novel target for lipid-lowering therapy. Monocytes are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and can be divided into three subsets. The aim of this study was to examine whether circulating levels of PCSK9 are associated with monocyte subsets. Methods We included 69 patients with stable coronary artery disease. PCSK9 levels were measured and monocyte subsets were assessed by flow cytometry and divided into classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-; CM), intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+; IM) and non-classical monocytes (CD14 + CD16++; NCM). Results Mean age was 64 years and 80% of patients were male. Patients on statin treatment (n = 55) showed higher PCSK9-levels (245.4 (206.0-305.5) ng/mL) as opposed to those without statin treatment (186.1 (162.3-275.4) ng/mL; p = 0.05). In patients on statin treatment, CM correlated with circulating PCSK9 levels (R = 0.29; p = 0.04), while NCM showed an inverse correlation with PCSK9 levels (R=-0.33; p = 0.02). Patients with PCSK9 levels above the median showed a significantly higher proportion of CM as compared to patients with PCSK-9 below the median (83.5 IQR 79.2-86.7 vs. 80.4, IQR 76.5-85.2%; p = 0.05). Conversely, PCSK9 levels >median were associated with a significantly lower proportion of NCM as compared to those with PCSK9 <median (10.2, IQR 7.3-14.6 vs. 14.3, IQR 10.9-18.7%; p = 0.02). In contrast, IM showed no association with PCSK-9 levels. Conclusions We hereby provide a novel link between PCSK9 regulation, innate immunity and atherosclerotic disease in statin-treated patients.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1898
Author(s):  
Fauzia Izzati ◽  
Mega Ferdina Warsito ◽  
Asep Bayu ◽  
Anggia Prasetyoputri ◽  
Akhirta Atikana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
High Chemical

Marine invertebrates have been reported to be an excellent resource of many novel bioactive compounds. Studies reported that Indonesia has remarkable yet underexplored marine natural products, with a high chemical diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review discusses recent updates on the exploration of marine natural products from Indonesian marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) throughout 2007–2020. This paper summarizes the structural diversity and biological function of the bioactive compounds isolated from Indonesian marine invertebrates as antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral, while also presenting the opportunity for further investigation of novel compounds derived from Indonesian marine invertebrates.

Abstract 18995: Statins in Familial Hypercholesterolemia - Effects on Coronary Artery Disease and All-cause Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Besseling ◽  
Gerard K Hovingh ◽  
John J Kastelein ◽  
Barbara A Hutten
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Premature Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) is characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk for premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and death. Reduction of CAD and mortality by statins has not been properly quantified in heFH. The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of statins on CAD and mortality in heFH. Methods: All adult heFH patients identified by the Dutch FH screening program between 1994 and 2014 and registered in the PHARMO Database Network were eligible. Of these patients we obtained hospital, pharmacy (in- and outpatient), and mortality records in the period between 1995 and 2015. The effect of statins (time-varying) on CAD and all-cause mortality was determined using a Cox proportional hazard model, while correcting for the use of other lipid-lowering therapy, thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors, antihypertensive and antidiabetic medication (all time-varying). Furthermore, we used inverse probability for treatment weighting (IPTW) to account for differences between statin-treated and untreated patients regarding history of CAD before follow-up, age at start of follow-up and age of screening, as well as body mass index, LDL-C and triglycerides. Results: Of the 25,479 identified heFH patients, 11,021 gave informed consent to obtain their medical records, of whom 2,447 could be retrieved. We excluded 766 patients younger than 18. The remaining 1,681 heFH patients comprised our study population and these had very similar characteristics as compared to the 23,798 excluded FH patients, e.g. mean (SD) LDL-C levels were 214 (74) vs. 203 (77) mg/dL. Among 1,151 statin users, there were 133 CAD events and 15 deaths during 10,115 statin treated person-years, compared to 17 CAD events and 9 deaths during 4,965 person-years in 530 never statin users (combined rate: 14.6 vs. 5.2, respectively, p<0.001). After applying IPTW to account for indication bias and correcting for use of other medications, the hazard ratio of statin use for CAD and all-cause mortality was 0.61 (0.40 - 0.93). Conclusions: In heFH patients, statins lower the risk for CAD and mortality by 39%.

Abstract 404: A High Dose Olive Oil, Polyphenol, and Lectin Limited Diet Reverses and/or Stabilizes Advanced Coronary Artery Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Gundry ◽  
Jean Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Nuclear Stress Testing ◽  
Limited Diet

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is thought to be progressive; standard treatment protocols call for instituting a low fat/low cholesterol diet program, exercise, and lipid lowering agents. This results in an approximate 30-40% new event rate in 5 yrs. We evaluated our treatment strategy to reverse CAD with The Corus Score (CS) (Cardiodx, Redwood City, Ca), proven to quantify coronary artery obstructive plaque by the expression of 23 genes. Methods: Based upon using a Lectin-limited diet to prevent/reverse Metabolic Syndrome and CAD, we have enrolled and followed 800 pts (aged 42-89 yrs) with known CAD, defined as previous MI, stent, CABG, or positive stress test/angiogram, positive CS greater than 30, into a physician coached program, which reduces grains, legumes, nightshades, seeded vegetables, Casein A1 milk, (the all lectin containing food groups),and fruits; emphases consumption a liter of olive oil/wk, large amts of green vegetables, and 4 oz amts of proteins, avoiding commercial poultry (Matrix Protocol). All Apo E 4 genotypes avoided animal fats and cheeses. Pts were instructed to take 4,000 mg of high DHA fish oil, 200mg of Grape Seed Extract, and 25 mg of Pycnogenol per day, and consume polyphenol rich coffee and/or teas and 1 oz dark chocolate/day. Diets/supplements were individualized based on results of Advanced Cardiovascular Risk Markers (ACRM), which were sent to two core labs. Yearly assessment of CAD severity was measured by Corus Score (possible range 1-40). Any score above 30 was assessed by Nuclear Stress testing. Results: Pts have been followed for 1.5 to 6 years (mean 4.5 yrs). Only 6/800 pts (0.5%) have received a new stent, all 6 had rising Corus scores: two also had a rising Lp-PLA2, 2 had rising Cardiac Troponin I levels; one pt required CABG: . There have been no MI’s, unstable angina. Corus scores at baseline decreased from 34+/-4 (range 6-36) to 24+/-3, P<0.01. Only 64/800 pts (8%) had a rise in Corus scores/ 736/800 pts’ CS declined or remained stable (92%). Only 6/64 Corus scores had positive Stress tests. Conclusions: Simple Nutrigenomic-based dietary interventions, based upon ACRM's and Corus Scores, represents a quantum leap forward in preventing/modifying Cardiovascular events in known CAD patients.

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