scholarly journals Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training on Aortic Hemodynamics in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fukuie ◽  
Takayuki Yamabe ◽  
Daisuke Hoshi ◽  
Tatsuya Hashitomi ◽  
Yosuke Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aortic Hemodynamics

Aquatic exercise is an attractive form of exercise that utilizes the various properties of water to improve physical health, including arterial stiffness. However, it is unclear whether regular head-out aquatic exercise affects aortic hemodynamics, the emerging risk factors for future cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether head-out aquatic exercise training improves aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we determined the contribution of change in arterial stiffness to the hypothesized changes in aortic hemodynamics. Twenty-three middle-aged and elderly subjects (62 ± 9 years) underwent a weekly aquatic exercise course for 15 weeks. Aortic hemodynamics were evaluated by pulse wave analysis via the general transfer function method. Using a polar coordinate description, companion metrics of aortic pulse pressure (PPC = √{(systolic blood pressure)2 + (diastolic blood pressure)2}) and augmentation index (AIxC = √{(augmentation pressure)2 + (pulse pressure)2}) were calculated as measures of arterial load. Brachial-ankle (baPWV, reflecting stiffness of the abdominal aorta and leg artery) and heart-ankle (haPWV, reflecting stiffness of the whole aortic and leg artery) pulse wave velocities were also measured. The rate of participation in the aquatic training program was 83.5 ± 13.0%. Aortic systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, PPC, AIxC, baPWV, and haPWV decreased after the training (P < 0.05 for all), whereas augmentation index remained unchanged. Changes in aortic SBP were correlated with changes in haPWV (r = 0.613, P = 0.002) but not baPWV (r = 0.296, P = 0.170). These findings suggest that head-out aquatic exercise training may improve aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people, with the particular benefits for reducing aortic SBP which is associated with proximal aortic stiffness.

Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erdan ◽  
Abdullah Ozkok ◽  
Nadir Alpay ◽  
Vakur Akkaya ◽  
Alaattin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Higher blood pressure in elderly hypertensive females, with increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure in females with the Fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Åström Malm ◽  
Urban Alehagen ◽  
Peter Blomstrand ◽  
Ulf Dahlström ◽  
Rachel De Basso
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Fibrillin 1

Abstract Background Elderly patients have a relatively high cardiovascular risk due to increased arterial stiffness, elevated blood pressure and decreased amounts of elastin in the arteries. The composition of the media layer in the arterial wall, comprising elastin, collagen, smooth muscle cells, proteoglycans, fibronectin and fibrillin-1, influences its mechanical properties. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene leads to increased aortic stiffness, elevated pulse pressure and aortic root dilatation. This study investigates whether there is a sex difference among hypertensive elderly patients regarding blood pressure, arterial stiffness and fibrillin-1 genotypes. Methods A total of 315 hypertensive subjects (systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg) were included in this study (155 men and 160 women aged 71–88 years). Aortic pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were determined using SphygmoCor, and brachial blood pressure was measured using an oscillometric technique. Fibrillin-1 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and with a capillary electrophoresis system. Results Females showed a significantly higher peripheral mean arterial pressure (females; 107.20 mmHg, males 101.6 mmHg, p = 0.008), central mean arterial pressure (females; 107.2 mmHg, males 101.6 mmHg p = 0.008), central systolic blood pressure (females; 148.1 mmHg, males 139.2 mmHg, p <  0.001) and central pulse pressure (females; 68.9 mmHg, males 61.6 mmHg, p = 0.035) than males. Females with the Fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype showed a significantly higher augmentation index (FBN1 2/3; 39.9%, FBN1 2/2 35.0%, FBN1 2/4 35.8, p = 0.029) and systolic blood pressure (FBN1 2/3; 174.6 mmHg, FBN1 2/2168.9 mmHg, FBN1 2/4169.9 mmHg, p = 0.025) than females with the 2/2 and 2/4 genotypes. Conclusion The findings of this study may indicate that hypertensive elderly females, especially elderly females with Fibrillin-1 2/3, have increased systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

Abstract P525: The Effect of Weight Loss Combined With Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness: Results From the PREVAIL Pilot Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L Swift ◽  
Joshua E McGee ◽  
Marie C Clunan ◽  
Anna C Huff ◽  
Briceida G Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Objective: The OPTIFAST diet has known effects for weight loss, but little data exists on the effects of the diet on arterial stiffness. Methods: Overweight and obese (BMI: 34.5 + 4.0) adults (N=17) participated in a 10-week OPTIFAST™ weight loss program and supervised aerobic exercise training (50%-75% VO 2 max). The diet consisted of OPTIFAST meal replacement products with a goal of reducing total caloric intake to 800 kcals/day and attending a weekly weight management class. Aerobic exercise was performed 3 times per week and the exercise volume was progressed from 300 to 700 MET mins. per week at an intensity of 50%-75% VO2 max. The goal of study participants was to achieve a 7% weight loss. Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, blood pressure (aortic and brachial), vascular age, augmentation index and blood samples were measured in the morning after an overnight fast at baseline and follow-up. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate the change in outcomes variables. Results: The mean percent weight loss in the sample was 9.0% (-8.5 kg), with 83.3% of participants achieving 7% weight loss (94.1% achieving ≥5%). The adherence to the exercise program was 94.9% and attendance in the weight loss classes was 81.8%. There was a reduction in pulse wave velocity (-0.44 m/s, p=0.030), aortic systolic blood pressure (-10.5 mmHg, p<0.001), aortic diastolic blood pressure (-7.8 mmHg, p<0.001), brachial systolic blood pressure (-11.2 mmHg , p<0.001), brachial diastolic blood pressure (-7.7 mmHg, p<0.001), vascular age (-13.4 yrs., p=0.008), resting heart rate (-4.7 bpm, p=0.005), and augmentation index (-7.5%, p=0.008) after the intervention. Change in resting heart rate from the intervention was associated with improvements in augmentation index (r=0.60, p=0.010) and approached significance for pulse wave velocity (r=0.45, p=0.07). Weight loss was associated with reduction in augmentation index (r= 0.56, p=0.02), but not change in PWV (r=-0.07, p=0.78). Changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. glucose, insulin, lipids, and body fat) were not associated with improvements in arterial stiffness or blood pressure measures (all ps>0.05). Discussion: A hypo-caloric dietary program in combination with aerobic exercise training improves arterial stiffness, aortic blood pressure, and brachial blood pressure in overweight and obese adults An important limitation of the present study is that we cannot separate the health benefits of the diet from the exercise.

Determinants of central aortic pressure and pulse pressure amplification changes in patients with aortic aneurysm: the role of aortic diameter and aortic aneurysm location level

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gurevich ◽  
I Emelyanov ◽  
N Zherdev ◽  
D Chernova ◽  
A Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abstract Background The presence of aortic aneurysm can alters pulse wave propagation and reflection, causing changes in central aortic pressure and pulse pressure amplification (PPA) between the aorta and the brachial artery that might be associated with unfavorable hemodynamic effects for the central arteries and the heart. However, the impact of the location of the aneurysm and increase of the aortic diameter on central blood pressure (CBP) is not fully understood. Objective To investigate central aortic pressure and PPA regarding to association with arterial stiffness and aortic diameter in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm (AA), descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA and AAA). Methods 122 patients (96 males, 65±11 years) with aortic aneurysm were enrolled before aortic repair. The parameters of the aorta were evaluated by MSCT angiography: 44 patients (30 males, 55±13 years) had AA (the maximum diameter: 59.9±14.2 mm), 13 patients (11 males, 62±11 years) had TAA (the maximum diameter: 62.8±8.0 mm) and 65 patients (54 males, 69±8 years) had AAA (the maximum diameter: 52.3±17.2 mm). Brachial blood pressure (BBP) was measured by OMRON. CBP, augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed by SphygmoCor. PPA was calculated as a difference between the values of central and brachial pulse pressure (CPP and BPP). Results Patients of the three groups did not differ in BPP (AA: 59.2±17.6; TAA 56.8±12.8; AAA: 59.3±11.4 mm Hg; P=0.5). Intergroup comparison revealed a difference in CPP between the three patients groups: CPP was higher in patients with AA and AAA, lower in patients with TAA (AA: 50.3±16.2; TAA 43.8±10.8; AAA: 50.0±11.2 mm Hg; P=0.05). PPA was lower in patients with AA and AAA than in patients with TAA (9.6±6.7 and 9.3±4.2 vs. 13.0±6.5 mm Hg; P=0.05 and P=0.04, respectively). IAx was higher in patients with AA and AAA than in patients with TAA (25.2±8.1 and 27.6±8.2 vs. 17.2±8.2 mm Hg; P=0.008 and P=0.001, respectively). A decrease of PPA across all patients correlated with an increase of IAx (r = - 0.268; P=0.003). CPP decreased with an increase of the aortic diameter for each level of the aneurysm (AA: r = - 0.460, P=0.016; TAA: r = - 0.833, P=0.003; AAA: r = - 0.275, P=0.05). PWV decreased with the expansion of the maximum aortic diameter at the level of the AA, TAA and AAA: (r = - 0.389, P=0.03; r = - 0.827, P=0.02 and r = - 0.350, P=0.01, respectively). Conclusion In patients with aortic aneurysm measurements of lower central pulse pressure and reduced PWV indicate an association with increased diameter of the aneurysm. An increase in augmentation index, early return of reflected waves, thus smaller PP amplification and higher CPP were identified in patients with ascending and abdominal aortic aneurysm compared by patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Cardiovascular Effects of Aerobic Exercise With Self-Selected or Predetermined Intensity in Adolescents With Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tércio A.R. Barros ◽  
Wagner L. do Prado ◽  
Thiago R.S. Tenório ◽  
Raphael M. Ritti-Dias ◽  
Antônio H. Germano-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Central Pulse Pressure

This study compared the effects of self-selected exercise intensity (SEI) versus predetermined exercise intensity (PEI) on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in adolescents with obesity. A total of 37 adolescents, 14.7 (1.6) years old, body mass index ≥95th percentile were randomly allocated into SEI (n = 18; 12 boys) or PEI (n = 19; 13 boys). Both groups exercised for 35 minutes on a treadmill, 3 times per week, for 12 weeks. The SEI could set the speed at the beginning of the sessions and make changes every 5 minutes. The PEI adolescents were trained at an intensity set at 60% to 70% of heart rate reserve. Brachial and central BP, pulse pressure, augmentation index, and carotid–femoral pulse wave were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks. Both groups reduced brachial systolic BP (SEI, Δ = −9 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; P < .01), central systolic BP (SEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; P = .01), and central pulse pressure (SEI, Δ = −4 mm Hg; PEI, Δ = −3 mm Hg; P = .02) without differences between groups. No changes in the augmentation index and carotid–femoral pulse wave were observed in either group. The SEI induced similar changes in various cardiovascular outcomes compared with PEI in adolescents with obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of pacing modality on noninvasive assessment of heart rate dependency of indices of large artery function

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Tan ◽  
Hosen Kiat ◽  
Edward Barin ◽  
Mark Butlin ◽  
Alberto P. Avolio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Wave Reflections

Studies investigating the relationship between heart rate (HR) and arterial stiffness or wave reflections have commonly induced HR changes through in situ cardiac pacing. Although pacing produces consistent HR changes, hemodynamics can be different with different pacing modalities. Whether the differences affect the HR relationship with arterial stiffness or wave reflections is unknown. In the present study, 48 subjects [mean age, 78 ± 10 (SD), 9 women] with in situ cardiac pacemakers were paced at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 beats per min under atrial, atrioventricular, or ventricular pacing. At each paced HR, brachial cuff-based pulse wave analysis was used to determine central hemodynamic parameters, including ejection duration (ED) and augmentation index (AIx). Wave separation analysis was used to determine wave reflection magnitude (RM) and reflection index (RI). Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Pacing modality was found to have significant effects on the HR relationship with ED ( P = 0.01), central aortic pulse pressure ( P = 0.01), augmentation pressure ( P < 0.0001), and magnitudes of both forward and reflected waves ( P = 0.05 and P = 0.003, respectively), but not cfPWV ( P = 0.57) or AIx ( P = 0.38). However, at a fixed HR, significant differences in pulse pressure amplification ( P < 0.001), AIx ( P < 0.0001), RM ( P = 0.03), and RI ( P = 0.03) were observed with different pacing modalities. These results demonstrate that although the HR relationships with arterial stiffness and systolic loading as measured by cfPWV and AIx were unaffected by pacing modality, it should still be taken into account for studies in which mixed pacing modalities are present, in particular, for wave reflection studies.

scholarly journals Аrterial stiffness and diastolic function of the left ventricle in patients with arterial hypertension and frailty

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
E. S. Fomina ◽  
V. S. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Average Blood Pressure

Introduction. Increased arterial stiffness is one of the key links in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in older age groups. At the same time, the effect of vascular stiffness on myocardial function in cardiac patients with frailty remains insufficiently studied.Aim of study. Тo analyze the data of arterial stiffness and diastolic function of left ventricle (LV) in patients older than 65 years with arterial hypertension and frailty.Materials and methods. The study included 90 outpatient and inpatient patients older than 65 years with the presence of arterial hypertension. All patients were divided into two groups: with the presence and absence of frailty. To identify frailty, we used the questionnaire “Age is not a hindrance”, a short battery of physical activity tests. Methods of volumetric sphygmometry, echocardiography, including tissue Doppler were used. The obtained data were analyzed using a package of statistical programs.Results. The results of a comparative simultaneous non-randomized descriptive study of two groups of patients are presented. The study found that the systolic function, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle by the type of slowing down of LV relaxation in both groups did not significantly differ in their indicators. In the group of patients with frailty, LV diastolic dysfunction was significantly more often detected by the type of pseudonormalization – with an increase in filling pressure. When analyzing data of arterial stiffness, differences were obtained in both groups in the left cardio-ankle vascular index (LCAVI), systolic blood pressure (LB SAD), pulse pressure (LB PD) in the left shoulder area, and the delta of average blood pressure in the left ankle area (LA% IDA), which were significantly higher in patients with frailty.Conclusion. In the group of patients with hypertension older than 65 years with frailty, a violation of the LV diastolic function by the  type of  pseudonormalization with an increase in  filling pressure prevails. An increase in  filling pressure in  the  group of patients older than 65 years with hypertension and the presence of frailty is associated with an increase in the complex of indicators characterizing arterial stiffness – the cardio-ankle vascular index, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure in the left shoulder area, the delta of average blood pressure in the left ankle area.

scholarly journals Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Horton ◽  
Linda A Jahn ◽  
Lee M Hartline ◽  
Kevin W Aylor ◽  
James T Patrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Healthy Humans

Abstract Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: We conclude that the acute combination of moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia preferentially stiffens central elastic arteries. This effect may be due to increased sympathetic activity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).

School-Based Exercise Intervention Improves Blood Pressure and Parameters of Arterial Stiffness in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Ketelhut ◽  
Sebastian R. Ketelhut ◽  
Kerstin Ketelhut
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
School Based ◽  
Augmentation Pressure

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based exercise intervention on endurance performance (EP), blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness in children. Methods: A total of 105 students (mean age = 8.2 [0.6] y; 51% girls; body mass index = 17.8 [3.0] kg/m2) were randomized to the intervention group (IG, n = 51) and control group (CG, n = 54). During a 37-week experimental period, the IG received an exercise intervention (2 × 45 min/wk) in addition to their regular school physical education class (3 × 45 min/wk). EP, peripheral and central BP, pulse pressure, augmentation pressure, augmentation index, and aortic pulse wave velocity were assessed. Results: Following the intervention, significant changes (P < .05) in EP, peripheral and central systolic BP, pulse pressure, augmentation pressure, augmentation index, and aortic pulse wave velocity were found in the IG. Children in the CG displayed significant changes in peripheral and central diastolic BP. An analysis of the baseline-to-post changes revealed significant between-group differences in EP (P < .001), pulse pressure (P = .028), augmentation pressure (P = .007), and aortic pulse wave velocity (P = .037) that favored the IG and in peripheral and central diastolic BP that favored the CG. Conclusion: The school-based exercise intervention had beneficial effects not only on EP but also on different hemodynamic parameters.

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