Excess mortality associated with increased pulse pressure among middle-aged men and women is explained by high systolic blood pressure

Aquatic exercise is an attractive form of exercise that utilizes the various properties of water to improve physical health, including arterial stiffness. However, it is unclear whether regular head-out aquatic exercise affects aortic hemodynamics, the emerging risk factors for future cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether head-out aquatic exercise training improves aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people. In addition, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we determined the contribution of change in arterial stiffness to the hypothesized changes in aortic hemodynamics. Twenty-three middle-aged and elderly subjects (62 ± 9 years) underwent a weekly aquatic exercise course for 15 weeks. Aortic hemodynamics were evaluated by pulse wave analysis via the general transfer function method. Using a polar coordinate description, companion metrics of aortic pulse pressure (PPC = √{(systolic blood pressure)2 + (diastolic blood pressure)2}) and augmentation index (AIxC = √{(augmentation pressure)2 + (pulse pressure)2}) were calculated as measures of arterial load. Brachial-ankle (baPWV, reflecting stiffness of the abdominal aorta and leg artery) and heart-ankle (haPWV, reflecting stiffness of the whole aortic and leg artery) pulse wave velocities were also measured. The rate of participation in the aquatic training program was 83.5 ± 13.0%. Aortic systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, PPC, AIxC, baPWV, and haPWV decreased after the training (P < 0.05 for all), whereas augmentation index remained unchanged. Changes in aortic SBP were correlated with changes in haPWV (r = 0.613, P = 0.002) but not baPWV (r = 0.296, P = 0.170). These findings suggest that head-out aquatic exercise training may improve aortic hemodynamics in middle-aged and elderly people, with the particular benefits for reducing aortic SBP which is associated with proximal aortic stiffness.

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Age-period-cohort analysis of stroke mortality attributable to high systolic blood pressure in China and Japan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98072-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinhong Cao ◽

Ehab S. Eshak ◽

Keyang Liu ◽

Ahmed Arafa ◽

Haytham A. Sheerah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Men And Women ◽

China And Japan ◽

Disease Study

AbstractStroke is a principal cause of mortality in China and Japan. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) was considered a chief risk factor for stroke mortality. Herein, we evaluated temporal trends of high SBP-attributable stroke mortality in China and Japan between 1990 and 2017. Data on stroke mortality were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Using the age-period-cohort method, we computed overall net drifts, local drifts, longitudinal age curves, and cohort/period rate ratios (RRs) for high SBP-attributable stroke mortality. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) displayed decreasing trends for high SBP-attributable stroke mortality. The annual net drift values were − 1.4% and − 3.5% in Chinese men and women versus − 3.1% and − 4.9% in Japanese men and women. The local drift values in both countries were < 0 among all age groups but were lower in women than in men. The longitudinal age curves showed a greater high SBP-attributable stroke mortality in men than in women across all age groups. Similar decreasing patterns were shown in the period and cohort RRs in both sexes with women having a quicker decline than men. In China and Japan, the ASMRs, as well as the period and cohort RRs of high SBP-attributable stroke mortality, decreased between 1990 and 2017 in both sexes and across all age groups. Yet, the prevalence of high SBP remained worrisome in both countries. Thus, SBP control should be encouraged to prevent stroke mortality.

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Cataract risk had a positive association with metabolic syndrome and negative with a traditional balanced diet in middle-aged adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23251/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Hyun Jee ◽

Sunmin Park

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Large Scale ◽

Positive Association ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Middle Aged ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Balanced Diet

Abstract Background The prevalence of cataracts is steadily increasing among middle-aged and elderly Asians. We hypothesized that adults aged 40–77 years with cataracts would show an association with metabolic syndrome and its components and have different dietary patterns and lifestyles. Methods The study was performed using the Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES; a large-scale hospital-based cohort study) data collected during 2004–2013. Subjects were classified as cases(945 cataract patients) and controls(27,454 healthy controls) based on responses to the question "have you ever been diagnosed to have a cataract?”. Results The presence of metabolic syndrome had a significant positive association with cataract risk after adjusting for age, sex, resistance area, BMI and energy intake(model 1; by 1.23-fold) and socioeconomic parameters(model 2; 1.15-fold). Plasma glucose and HbA1c concentrations also exhibited a higher cataract risk by 1.92- and 2.07-fold, respectively. For the analysis we used four dietary patterns to represent Korean food intake, that is, a traditional balanced diet, a meat and fish diet, a bread and cookie diet, and a grain-based diet. High traditional balanced diet consumption had a negative association with cataract risk(OR = 0.84), but high grain-based diet consumption exhibited a positive association with cataract risk(OR = 1.41). Systolic blood pressure and high carbohydrate intake(OR = 1.42) were also associated with cataract risk in model 1, but high fat and protein intake showed negative associations(OR = 0.74 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusions The risk of cataract development was found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome, high systolic blood pressure, and hyperglycemia and negatively associated with a traditional balanced diet.

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Associations Between Blood Pressure and Accelerated DNA Methylation Aging

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.121.022257 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Xiao ◽

Gaohui Zan ◽

Chaoqun Liu ◽

Xia Xu ◽

Longman Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Aging Rate ◽

Epigenetic Age ◽

Epigenetic Age Acceleration

Background Individuals of the same chronological age may exhibit diverse susceptibilities to death. However, few studies have investigated the associations between blood pressure and the accelerated aging. Methods and Results A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 288 adults aged ≥50 years. We assessed the DNA methylation‐based measures of biological age using CpG sites on the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Epigenetic age acceleration metrics were derived by regressing residuals (ΔAge) and ratios (aging rate) of DNA methylation age on chronological age. Dose‐response relationships between blood pressure and epigenetic age acceleration were quantified using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic regression models. We found that each 10–mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with 0.608 (95% CI, 0.231–0.984) years increase in ΔAge and 0.007 (95% CI, 0.002–0.012) increase in aging rate; meanwhile, for pulse pressure, the increase was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.625–1.61) years for ΔAge and 0.013 (95% CI, 0.007–0.020) for aging rate. Subgroup analysis showed that the significant associations of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure with epigenetic age acceleration appeared to be limited to women, although interactions between blood pressure and sex were not significant ( P values for interaction >0.05). The combination of women and hypertension was associated with a much higher increase in ΔAge (β [95% CI], 4.05 [1.07–7.02]) and aging rate (β [95% CI], 0.047 [0.008–0.087]), compared with male participants without hypertension. Conclusions Our findings suggested that high systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were associated with the epigenetic age acceleration, providing important clues for relationships between blood pressure and epigenetic aging.

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