Exercise-Induced Improvements in Postprandial Glucose Response Are Blunted by Pre-Exercise Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Individuals

IntroductionMeal composition is known to affect glycemic variability and glucose control in type 1 diabetes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of high carbohydrate meals of different nutritional composition and alcohol on the postprandial glucose response in patients with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsTwelve participants were recruited to this randomized crossover trial. Following a 4-week run-in period, participants received a mixed meal on three occasions with the same carbohydrate content but different macronutrient composition: high protein-high fat with alcohol (0.7g/kg body weight, beer), high protein-high fat without alcohol, and low protein-low fat without alcohol at 2-week intervals. Plasma and interstitial glucose, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, alcohol, free fatty acids, lactate, and pH concentrations were measured during 6 hours. A statistical analysis was then carried out to determine significant differences between studies.ResultsSignificantly higher late postprandial glucose was observed in studies with higher content of fats and proteins (p=0.0088). This was associated with lower time in hypoglycemia as compared with the low protein and fat study (p=0.0179), at least partially due to greater glucagon concentration in the same period (p=0.04). Alcohol significantly increased lactate, decreased pH and growth hormone, and maintained free fatty acids suppressed during the late postprandial phase (p<0.001), without significant changes in plasma glucose.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the addition of proteins and fats to carbohydrates increases late postprandial blood glucose. Moreover, alcohol consumption together with a mixed meal has relevant metabolic effects without any increase in the risk of hypoglycemia, at least 6 hours postprandially.Trial registration numberNCT03320993.

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Exercise Snacking And Detraining Effects On Postprandial Glucose Responses - A Randomized Crossover Trial In Trained Older Adults

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000687684.01878.e1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 1104-1105

Author(s):

Inês R. Correia ◽

João P. Magalhães ◽

Pedro B. Júdice ◽

Megan Hetherington-Rauth ◽

Sofia P. Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial

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Fasting Glucose Response to Evening Snacks That Differ by Carbohydrate and Fat Composition: A 6-Week, Randomized, Crossover Trial in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa055_028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1143-1143

Author(s):

Philip Sapp ◽

Kristina Petersen ◽

Penny Kris-Etherton

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Random Order ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract Objectives To examine the effect of consuming one ounce of peanuts (PNUT) as an evening snack on fasting plasma glucose and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, compared to an isocaloric lower fat higher carbohydrate snack (LFHC), in individuals with IFG. Methods Fifty-one individuals with IFG (52% male; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28 ± 5.6 kg/m2; glucose 105 ± 4.9 mg/dL) were enrolled in this two-period, randomized, crossover trial. In random order, subjects consumed each snack in the evening (after dinner and before bedtime) for 6 weeks (PNUT: 164 kcal, 14 g fat, 2.2 g saturated fat, 6 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 2.4 g fiber; LFHC: 165 kcal, 6 g fat, 2 g saturated fat, 22 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 3.0 g fiber). Subjects were told not to consume other caloric foods/beverages after dinner. On two consecutive days at the beginning and end of each diet period a fasting blood sample was assessed for plasma glucose, serum lipids/lipoproteins, and insulin. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at each time point. Results Compared with baseline (100 mg/dL, 95% CI 99, 102), glucose was unchanged following both conditions (PNUT: −0.9 mg/dL 95% CI −2.1, 1.3; LFHC: −0.4 mg/dL 95% CI −2.6, 0.8) with no between-condition difference (P > 0.05). Changes for LDL-C from baseline differed between conditions (−4.8 mg/dL; 95% CI −9.2, −0.4); there were no within-condition changes from baseline (LFHC −2.3 mg/dL, 95% CI −5.7, 1.0; PNUT 2.5 mg/dL, 95% CI −0.9, 5.8). Greater triglyceride lowering was observed with PNUT (−17 mg/dL, 95% CI −28, −6.2) vs. LFHC (−5.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −17, 5.1). There were no condition effects for weight, HDL-C, insulin, BP or PWV. In a post hoc analysis of subjects who had IFG (>99 mg/dL) at baseline (107 mg/dL, 95% CI 106, 108), glucose was lowered compared to baseline for both conditions (PNUT: −2.6 mg/dL, 95% CI −4.6, −0.6; LFHC: −3.1 mg/dL, 95% CI −5.1, −1.0). Conclusions In individuals with IFG, consuming a relatively low-calorie, mixed macronutrient, nighttime snack improves fasting glucose levels. Greater reductions in triglycerides were observed with evening peanut consumption, which may be explained by the lower carbohydrate and higher fat content. Funding Sources The Peanut Institute Supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health.

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The effect of frequency of activity interruptions in prolonged sitting on postprandial glucose metabolism: A randomized crossover trial

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2019.04.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ida K. Thorsen ◽

Mette Y. Johansen ◽

Nanna S. Pilmark ◽

Naja Z. Jespersen ◽

Cecilie F. Brinkløv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial

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Stabilizing Bioimpedance-Vector-Analysis Measures With a 10-Minute Cold Shower After Running Exercise to Enable Assessment of Body Hydration

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1006-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Francesco Campa ◽

Hannes Gatterer ◽

Henry Lukaski ◽

Stefania Toselli

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Bioimpedance Analysis ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Impedance Measurements ◽

Testing Period ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Cutaneous Blood

Purpose: The exercise-induced increase in skin and body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and electrolyte accumulation on the skin affects the validity of bioimpedance analysis to assess postexercise changes in hydration. This study aimed to assess the influence of a 10-min cold (22°C) shower on the time course of impedance measurements after controlled exercise. Methods: In total, 10 male athletes (age 26.2 [4.1] y and body mass index 23.9 [1.7] kg/m2) were tested on 2 different days. During both trials, athletes ran for 30 min on a treadmill in a room at 23°C. In a randomized crossover trial, the participants underwent a 10-min cold shower on the trial occasion and did not shower in the control trial. Bioimpedance analysis variables were measured before running (ie, baseline [T0]), immediately after exercising (T1), and 20 (T2), 40 (T3), and 60 min (T4) after the exercise. The shower was performed after T1 in the shower trial. Results: Body weight decreased similarly in both trials (−0.4% [0.1%], P < .001; −0.4% [0.1%], P < .001). Resistance and vector length returned to baseline at T2 in the shower trial, whereas baseline values were achieved at T3 in the control trial (P > .05). In the control trial, reactance remained at a lower level for the entire testing period (38.1 [6.9] vs 37.3 [6.7], P < .001). Forehead skin temperature returned to baseline values at T2 with shower, whereas it was still high at T4 without shower (P < .001). Conclusions: The present data show that a 10-min cold shower enables the stabilization of bioimpedance analysis measurements within 20 min after exercise, which might facilitate the assessment of hydration change after exercise.

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Influence of Pistachios on Performance and Exercise-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Immune Dysfunction, and Metabolite Shifts in Cyclists: A Randomized, Crossover Trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0113725 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e113725 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

David C. Nieman ◽

Johannes Scherr ◽

Beibei Luo ◽

Mary Pat Meaney ◽

Didier Dréau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Immune Dysfunction ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Exercise Induced

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The effect of exercise intensity on exercise‐induced hypoalgesia in cancer survivors: A randomized crossover trial

Physiological Reports ◽

10.14814/phy2.15047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

Author(s):

Briana K. Clifford ◽

Matthew D. Jones ◽

David Simar ◽

Benjamin K. Barry ◽

David Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Exercise Induced

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Frequency of Interruptions to Sitting Time: Benefits for Postprandial Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

10.2337/figshare.14096582.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashleigh R. Homer ◽

Frances C. Taylor ◽

Paddy C. Dempsey ◽

Michael J. Wheeler ◽

Parneet Sethi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Postprandial Metabolism ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Insulin Responses

Purpose: To determine whether interrupting sitting with brief bouts of simple resistance activities (SRAs) at different frequencies improves postprandial glucose, insulin and triglycerides in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Participants [n=23, 10 females, Age: 62±8 y (mean±SD), BMI: 32.7 ± 3.5 kg.m-2] completed a three-armed randomized crossover trial (6-14 day washout): sitting uninterrupted for 7 h (SIT); sitting with 3-minute SRAs (half-squats, calf raises, gluteal contractions, and knee raises) every 30 minutes (SRA3); and, sitting with 6-minute SRAs every 60 minutes (SRA6). Net incremental areas under the curve (iAUCnet) for glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were compared between conditions. Results: <a>Glucose and insulin 7 h iAUCnet were attenuated significantly during SRA6 (glucose 17.0 mmol.h.L-1, 95% CI 12.5, 21.4; insulin 1229 pmol.h.L-1, 95% CI 982, 1538) when compared to SIT (glucose 21.4 mmol.h.L-1, 95% CI 16.9, 25.8; insulin 1411 pmol.h.L-1, 95% CI 1128, 1767; P < 0.05), and compared to SRA3 ( for glucose only; 22.1 mmol.h.L-1, 95% CI 17.7, 26.6; P = 0.01) No significant differences in glucose or insulin iAUCnet were observed comparing SRA3 and SIT. There was no statistically significant effect of condition on triglyceride iAUCnet. </a> Conclusion: In adults with medication-controlled T2D, interrupting prolonged sitting with 6-minute SRAs every 60 minutes reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Other frequencies of interruptions and potential longer-term benefits require examination to clarify clinical relevance.

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