scholarly journals Optimal Array Reconfiguration of a PV Power Plant for Frequency Regulation of Power Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyi He ◽  
Shengnan Li ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
Shuijun Wu ◽  
Chuangzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Partial Shading

This paper establishes a novel optimal array reconfiguration (OAR) of a PV power plant for secondary frequency control of automatic generation control (AGC). Compared with the existing studies, the proposed OAR can further take the AGC signal responding into account except the maximum power output, in which the battery energy storage system is used to balance the power deviation between the AGC signals and the PV power outputs. Based on these two conflicted objects, the OAR is formulated as a bi-objective optimization. To address this problem, the efficient non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is designed to rapidly obtain an optimal Pareto front due to its high optimization efficiency. The decision-making method called VIKOR is employed to determine the best compromise solution from the obtained Pareto front. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed bi-objective optimization of OAR, three case studies with fixed, step-increasing, and step-decreasing AGC signals are carried out on a 10 × 10 total-cross-tied PV arrays under partial shading conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Combined Demand-Response and Wind Power Plant Participation in Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Muñoz-Benavente ◽  
Anca D. Hansen ◽  
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro ◽  
Tania García-Sánchez ◽  
Ana Fernández-Guillamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Total System ◽  
Interconnected Power Systems

An alternative approach for combined frequency control in multi-area power systems with significant wind power plant integration is described and discussed in detail. Demand response is considered as a decentralized and distributed resource by incorporating innovative frequency-sensitive load controllers into certain thermostatically controlled loads. Wind power plants comprising variable speed wind turbines include an auxiliary frequency control loop contributing to increase total system inertia in a combined manner, which further improves the system frequency performance. Results for interconnected power systems show how the proposed control strategy substantially improves frequency stability and decreases peak frequency excursion (nadir) values. The total need for frequency regulation reserves is reduced as well. Moreover, the requirements to exchange power in multi-area scenarios are significantly decreased. Extensive simulations under power imbalance conditions for interconnected power systems are also presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Power Grid Frequency Regulation Strategy for Photovoltaic Plant Based on Multi-Objective Harris Hawks Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wang ◽  
Xucheng Chang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Wenli Huang ◽  
Yingying Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Power Maximization ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

To settle the issue of balance between two objectives, i.e., photovoltaic (PV) power station output power maximization and frequency regulation (FR) signals response, a novel PV reconfiguration strategy is proposed in this work, which maximizes the output power through PV reconfiguration, and meanwhile utilizes the energy storage system (ESS) to decrease the PV plant generated power’ deviation from FR signals. Above all, a model of PV-storage power station reconfiguration is designed to minimize the power bias of both rated power and FR signals. Then, the multi-objective Harris hawks optimization (MHHO) is used to obtain the Pareto front which can optimize the above two objectives due to its high optimization efficiency and speed. Subsequently, the optimal compromise solution is selected by the decision-making method of VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Aiming to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed technique, the case studies are carried out under partial shading condition (PSC) with constant and time-varying FR signals. The simulation results show that, compared with the situation without optimization, the power deviations of the two objectives are reduced by 25.11 and 75.76% under constant FR signals and 23.27 and 55.81% under time-varying FR signals by proposed method, respectively.

scholarly journals Frequency Performance Distribution Index for Short-Term System Frequency Reliability Forecast Considering Renewable Energy Integration

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2945
Author(s):  
Kofi Afrifa Agyeman ◽  
Ryota Umezawa ◽  
Sekyung Han
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Test System ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
System Frequency

Risk in a power system’s ability to survive imminent disturbances without recourse to low operational cost and non-interruptive energy delivery remains the responsibility of every grid operator. Intermittencies in renewable energy and dynamic load variations influence the quality of power supply. The sudden changes affect the system frequency, compromising the reliability of the system grid; generation response to frequency regulation is momentous in such an incident. Slower response or smaller reserve capacity may cause a power shortage. This paper proposes a novel predictive scheme for a short-term operational reliability evaluation for system operations planning. The proposed method evaluates the operational reliability of system frequency whiles considering high renewable power penetration and energy storage system incorporation. Required energy generations, and other grid parameters, are modelled as stochastic inputs to the framework. We formulate a reliability index as a frequency distribution considering system frequency control dynamics and processes. The IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) is used to prove the efficacy of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Control Strategies and Economic Analysis of an LTO Battery Energy Storage System for AGC Ancillary Service

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxiang Sun ◽  
Xitian He ◽  
Weige Zhang ◽  
Yangxi Li ◽  
Minming Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Ancillary Service

With the rapid growth of renewable energy and the DC fast charge pile of the electric vehicle, their inherent volatility and randomness increase a power system’s unbalance of instantaneous power. The need for power grid frequency regulation is increasing. The energy storage system (ESS) can be used to assist the thermal power unit so that a better frequency regulation result is obtained without changing the original operating mode of the unit. In this paper, a set of different charging/discharging control strategies of the lithium titanate battery (LTO) is proposed, which are chosen according to the interval of the State of energy (SOE) to improve the utilization rate of the ESS. Finally, the cost-benefit model of the ESS participating in automatic generation control ancillary service is established. Case analysis proves that after a 1.75 MWh ESS is configured for a 600 MW thermal power unit, Kp and D is increased from 1.42 to 6.38 and 2857 to 6895 MW. The net daily income is increased from 20,284 yuan to 199,900 yuan with a repayment period of 93 days. The results show that the control strategies and the energy configuration method can improve the performance and economic return of the system.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4555
Author(s):  
Nahid-Al Masood ◽  
Md. Nahid Haque Shazon ◽  
Hasin Mussayab Ahmed ◽  
Shohana Rahman Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Energy

The primary objective of this paper is to alleviate the over-frequency problem in low-inertia power systems through optimal allocation of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). With prolific integration of wind power, conventional fossil-fuel driven synchronous generators are being replaced in the generation fleet. Variable speed wind machines are connected to the grid via power electronics converters. As such, these machines usually do not participate in frequency regulation. During high wind penetration, a generation-rich zone of an interconnected power system may face significant over-frequency following the loss of interconnection. If the frequency goes above a certain threshold, an Over-Frequency Generator Shedding (OFGS) scheme is activated. This may cause considerable amount of generation cut in a low-inertia power system. To address this challenge, this paper develops a siting and sizing methodology of frequency-responsive BESS to simultaneously maintain frequency and voltage stabilities. As such, BESS is placed at the most voltage-sensitive bus, determined by an index called reactive power margin. Furthermore, an optimization model is formulated to determine the BESS size to avoid generation shedding. The proposed technique is applied to a low-inertia power system, which resembles the equivalent high-voltage transmission network of South Australia. The simulation results reveal that the developed methodology successfully mitigates the over-frequency phenomenon. In addition, the proposed technique is found to be more effective than its counterpart (i.e., without BESS) to enhance the frequency resilience of a low-inertia grid.

Capacity Configuration of BESS as an Alternative to Coal-Fired Power Units for Frequency Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ding ◽  
Jian Lin Li ◽  
Shui Li Yang ◽  
Xiao Gang Wu ◽  
Zong Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Regulation Method ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
System Frequency

Coal-fired power units show defects in meeting the demands of maintaining power system frequency stability. This is mainly due to their inherent characteristics and a continuous increase in renewable generation. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has such advantages as fast response and precise tracking, thus may be a new frequency regulation method. On basis of the principle of energy storage for regulation, capacity configuration of energy storage is made as an alternative to coal-fired power unit accounting for both primary and secondary frequency regulation. Example calculations and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed capacity configuration methods and the reliability of the energy storage system for regulation.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study of Frequency Regulation Energy Storage System Installation in a Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Lateef Onaadepo Ibrahim ◽  
Youl-Moon Sung ◽  
Doosoo Hyun ◽  
Minhan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Relay Coordination

The aim of this work is to analyze and stabilize the power system when connecting an energy storage system (ESS) to replace the traditional power reserve of a power plant. Thus, it is necessary to validate and simulate the power facility protection system using a relay coordination approach. The input feasibility of the generator for the frequency regulation (FR) of the operational ESS is also validated through detailed analysis studies including power flow, short circuit and relay coordination analysis. The case scenarios for ESS installation are categorized based on its operation mode and location in the power system. These studies are carried out on the power system at the peak load condition specified for both grids. With the electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP), an analysis is performed to study the implementation of the ESS in a large, integrated power system to determine which location best fits the installation of ESS considering the load flow, short circuit and relay coordination results in each case scenario. Cost evaluation was performed for the choice of locations under study.

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