scholarly journals Only Females Oviposit: Chemical Discrimination of Adult Stink Bug Sex by the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif ◽  
Tuğcan Alınç ◽  
Salvatore Guarino ◽  
Stefano Colazza ◽  
Antonino Cusumano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Chemical Discrimination ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Egg parasitoids foraging for suitable hosts scattered in the environment rely mainly on chemical cues. Elucidating the chemical ecology of natural enemies is important in the development of effective and successful strategies for conservation biological control. In this context, the host cuticular hydrocarbons, which are exploited by several species of egg parasitoids as contact kairomones, could be used to retain them by providing information about the presence and the sex of adults of the target species: sex is important because only females of the host species lay the eggs that can be subsequently utilized for parasitoid reproduction. However, the chemical basis of host sex discrimination in egg parasitoids is not well understood. We carried out behavioral and chemical bioassays to investigate the role played by contact chemical cues left by adults of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål, in host egg searching behavior and adult host sex discrimination by the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead). A first set of bioassays showed that parasitoids spent more time exploring patches contaminated with chemicals associated with adult H. halys females compared with adult males. Similar responses were displayed by T. japonicus when hexane extracts of H. halys were tested suggesting that non-polar chemical compounds are involved in host sex discrimination. GC-MS analysis of hexane extracts revealed quantitative differences in the cuticular compounds of the two sexes, with 1-hexadecene (more abundant in males) being the most important component in determining these differences. Hexane extracts of H. halys females blended with synthetic 1-hexadecene significantly reduced the wasps’ arrestment responses compared to crude extracts.

Behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus to volatiles from adults of its stink bug host, Halyomorpha halys

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhi Zhong ◽  
Jin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Ren ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Hai-Xia Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

scholarly journals An effective cold storage method for stockpiling Halyomorpha halys eggs for field surveys and laboratory rearing of Trissolcus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren H. L. Wong ◽  
Matt A. Walz ◽  
Angela B. Oscienny ◽  
Jade L. Sherwood ◽  
Paul K. Abram
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

AbstractAn effective stockpiling method for egg masses of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) would be useful for rearing and field studies of its egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The current method of stockpiling H. halys egg masses at sub-zero temperatures has lethal and sublethal fitness consequences for T. japonicus. We show that parasitoid emergence from egg masses refrigerated at 8°C for up to two months before parasitism is higher than from frozen egg masses and usually has minimal or no sublethal fitness effects (sex ratio, development time, activity, fecundity, longevity, and weight) on emerging T. japonicus. Only after two months of host egg refrigeration did the emergence of T. japonicus begin to decrease significantly (by 9.6% relative to untreated viable egg masses), whereas egg masses previously frozen at -80°C had a 58.8% reduction in parasitoid emergence after 14 days of storage. Refrigerated egg masses that were subsequently exposed to average field temperatures (warm: 22.9°C; cool: 13.2°C) were still suitable for T. japonicus parasitism after 7 days, while viable egg masses exposed to warm temperatures for 7 days before parasitism had 24.1% lower parasitoid emergence. Our results demonstrate that refrigeration at 8°C, while resulting in complete mortality of H. halys embryos after 10 days, are more suitable for T. japonicus parasitism than those stored at sub-zero temperatures. The quantity and quality of H. halys eggs that can be stockpiled with this method could facilitate T. japonicus laboratory colony maintenance, field monitoring, and releases.

scholarly journals Host Chemical Footprints Induce Host Sex Discrimination Ability in Egg Parasitoids

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Peri ◽  
Francesca Frati ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
Stefano Colazza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Host Sex

scholarly journals Host Kairomones Influence Searching Behavior of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Boyle ◽  
Donald C Weber ◽  
Judith Hough-Goldstein ◽  
Kim A Hoelmer
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a highly polyphagous species native to Asia that has become a serious invasive agricultural and nuisance pest across North America and Europe. Classical biological control host range evaluations have revealed egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) to be the primary candidate biocontrol agent for field release against H. halys. However, these evaluations only provide us with the physiological host range of T. japonicus. Other Trissolcus species have demonstrated that contact kairomones from different host species elicit varied responses in the parasitoids’ host foraging behaviors. To assess T. japonicus response to host kairomones, mated naive females were exposed to leaf surfaces contaminated with adult kairomones from its preferred host, H. halys, or from a native nontarget host, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Red maple, apple, and soybean were used as plant substrate treatments. The wasp’s residence time on the leaf surface, linear walking velocity, and angular walking velocity were observed and measured using Noldus EthoVision XT tracking software. Within each leaf treatment, T. japonicus displayed stronger behavioral responses on leaves contaminated with contact kairomones from H. halys. The parasitoid resided on H. halys contaminated leaves for approximately twice as a long as it did on P. maculiventris contaminated leaves. Further, both species’ kairomones elicited significant decreases in parasitoid walking velocity on all tested substrate types. Overall, our study suggests that kairomone-based behavioral studies can be used to further evaluate the host specificity of T. japonicus and can be an invaluable supplement to classical biocontrol host range testing regimes.

Host Sex Discrimination by an Egg Parasitoid on Brassica Leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lo Giudice ◽  
Michael Riedel ◽  
Michael Rostás ◽  
Ezio Peri ◽  
Stefano Colazza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Host Sex

scholarly journals Population Monitoring, Egg Parasitoids, and Genetic Structure of the Invasive Litchi Stink Bug, Tessaratoma papillosa in Taiwan

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Yi-Hui Wu ◽  
Matthew T. Kamiyama ◽  
Chuan-Cheng Chung ◽  
Hsy-Yu Tzeng ◽  
Chia-Hung Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Multiple Invasions

Here we assessed population dynamics, natural enemy fauna (with emphasis on egg parasitoid), and population genetic structure (based on mitochondrial DNA) of the invasive litchi stink bug (LSB), Tessaratoma papillosa in Taiwan. Our major findings include: (1) fluctuations of LSB in numbers of adults, mating pairs, and egg masses over a 2-year period in Taiwan generally resemble those in the native populations; (2) Anastatusdexingensis and A. fulloi are among the most dominant LSB egg parasitoids, with the former consistently outnumbering the latter throughout Taiwan; (3) the presence of two genetically distinct clades suggests LSB in Taiwan most likely derived from multiple invasions. All these data practically improve our understanding of this invasive insect pest, particularly its ecological and genetic characteristics in the introduced area, which represents critical baseline information for the design of future integrated pest management strategies.

Sensitivity of the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to Field and Laboratory-Applied Insecticide Residue

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2077-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Lowenstein ◽  
Heather Andrews ◽  
Anthony Mugica ◽  
Nik G Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Organic Insecticides ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract The spread of adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) populations in North America is anticipated to increase biological control of Halyomorpha halys (Stål; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug. In an agricultural context, biological control will succeed if it can be integrated in an environment with insecticide applications. We investigated T. japonicus compatibility with nine conventional and organic insecticides commonly used in integrated pest management in perennial crops. Through evaluating mortality and longevity in field and laboratory trials, we determined that T. japonicus fares poorly when exposed to residues of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids. Spinosad resulted in the highest percentage of T. japonicus mortality, 100% in the laboratory and 97% in a field trial. The anthranilic diamide, chlorantraniliprole, had the lowest lethality, with no differences compared to an untreated control. Trissolcus japonicus survived insecticide applications in hazelnut orchards, and over 50% of wasps remained alive after contact with the anthranilic diamides, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, the biopesticide Chromobacterium, and an untreated control. Our results indicate that T. japonicus is unlikely to survive and parasitize H. halys in settings that coincide with broad-spectrum insecticide application. Future T. japonicus redistributions could continue in orchards treated with anthranilic diamides and Chromobacterium. As H. halys is a landscape-level pest, orchards may also benefit from biological control if T. japonicus are released in unsprayed areas adjacent to agriculture and in urban sites.

scholarly journals Survey for Adventive Populations of the Samurai Wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Pennsylvania at Commercial Fruit Orchards and the Surrounding Forest

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Hillary M. Peterson ◽  
Elijah Talamas ◽  
Grzegorz Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an egg parasitoid associated with the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Trissolcus japonicus is a candidate for classical biological control of H. halys populations. Since 2014, adventive populations of T. japonicus have been detected in 14 US states, in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Ontario, and in two European countries, Switzerland and Italy. Establishing baseline information about populations of T. japonicus is important, as this species is not host specific to H. halys and the potential ecological effects of the accidental introductions are not fully known. In this study, yellow sticky cards were deployed at commercial fruit orchards in nine counties in Pennsylvania separated by more than 400 km. Trissolcus japonicus was detected on cards in eight counties, and in two habitats, in the orchard and at the forest border. Other native species of Scelionidae known to attack the eggs of H. halys were also identified, including Trissolcus euschisti (Ashmead), Trissolcus brochymenae (Ashmead), and Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). These results are important baseline ecological knowledge for both T. japonicus, which appears to be established in orchards throughout Pennsylvania, and other native Scelionidae.

scholarly journals Stink bug egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) associated with pistachio in Iran and description of a new species: Trissolcus darreh Talamas

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Fateme Ranjbar ◽  
M. Amin Jalali ◽  
Mahdi Ziaaddini ◽  
Zahra Gholamalizade ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
New Host ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Host Associations

Surveys for egg-parasitoid wasps were conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran, on two species of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) found in pistachio orchards, Acrosternum arabicum Wagner and Brachynema signatum Jakovlev. Five species of Scelionidae (Platygastroidea) were recovered, including one that is here described as new: Psix saccharicola (Mani), Trissolcus colemani (Crawford), T. darreh Talamas sp. nov., T. perepelovi (Kozlov), and T. semistriatus (Nees). In addition to describing a new species, we report new host associations, provide COI barcodes for four of these species, and discuss host-related intraspecific variation in T. darreh and T. perepelovi.

scholarly journals Establishment in an Introduced Range: Dispersal Capacity and Winter Survival of Trissolcus japonicus, an Adventive Egg Parasitoid

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lowenstein ◽  
Heather Andrews ◽  
Richard J. Hilton ◽  
Clive Kaiser ◽  
Nik G. Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Release Site ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
One Year

The herbivorous brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, has spread globally, and one of its key parasitoids, Trissolcus japonicus, has recently been detected in the pest’s introduced range. For an exotic natural enemy to impact its targeted host in a novel environment, it must disperse, locate hosts, and potentially be redistributed to susceptible sites. Through intentionally releasing T. japonicus across four Oregon eco-regions, we investigated an introduced parasitoid’s dispersal capacity in urban sites and in two perennial crops, hazelnut and raspberry. In a second paired field and laboratory study, we investigated T. japonicus survival in different plant materials. Within three days of release, adult T. japonicus located host egg masses at 45% of sites and, one year later, were detected at 40% of release sites. Areas where released wasps survived winter were mostly urban or semi-natural. In commercial crop release experiments, we recovered the highest percentage of wasps in raspberry within 5 m of the release site but found no statistical difference in dispersal distance with some wasps dispersing up to 50 m. Adult parasitoids survived up to 16 weeks outdoors in the winter, with greater survival over time in bark compared to leaf litter. Wasp survival remained above 50% over the course of a simulated winter environment without precipitation. Our work affirms the continuation of H. halys parasitism by T. japonicus in novel environments and provides insight into the high population sizes necessary to survive winter and locate host egg masses the following season.

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