Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of MEG3 on Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a long non-coding RNA that is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle development. Some single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutants in MEG3 had strong associations with meat quality traits. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of MEG3 mutants on porcine skeletal muscle development have not yet been well-demonstrated. In this study, eight SNPs were identified in MEG3 of fat- and lean-type pig breeds. Four of these SNPs (g.3087C > T, g.3108C > T, g.3398C > T, and g.3971A > C) were significantly associated with meat quality and consisted of the CCCA haplotype for fat-type pigs and the TTCC haplotype for lean-type pigs. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of MEG3-TTCC was higher than that of MEG3-CCCA in transcription level (P < 0.01). The stability assay showed that the lncRNA stability of MEG3-TTCC was lower than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR, Western blot, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays demonstrated that the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC more significantly inhibited the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). Moreover, the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC more significantly promoted the differentiation of SCs than that of MEG3-CCCA (P < 0.05). The Western blot assay suggested that the overexpression of MEG3-TTCC and MEG3-CCCA inhibited the proliferation of SCs by inhibiting PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The overexpression of the two haplotypes also promoted the differentiation of SCs by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in different degrees. These data are valuable for further studies on understanding the crucial role of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle development.

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Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽

Farhad Bordbar ◽

Just Jensen ◽

Min Du ◽

Wei Guo

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Meat Production ◽

Skeletal Muscle Development ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.

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Mechanism and Functions of Identified miRNAs in Poultry Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2019-0049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 887-904

Author(s):

Asiamah Amponsah Collins ◽

Kun Zou ◽

Zhang Li ◽

Su Ying

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Skeletal Muscle Development ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Muscle Formation ◽

Gene Regulatory

AbstractDevelopment of the skeletal muscle goes through several complex processes regulated by numerous genetic factors. Although much efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms involved in increased muscle yield, little work is done about the miRNAs and candidate genes that are involved in the skeletal muscle development in poultry. Comprehensive research of candidate genes and single nucleotide related to poultry muscle growth is yet to be experimentally unraveled. However, over a few periods, studies in miRNA have disclosed that they actively participate in muscle formation, differentiation, and determination in poultry. Specifically, miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 influence tissue development, and they are highly expressed in the skeletal muscles. Candidate genes such as CEBPB, MUSTN1, MSTN, IGF1, FOXO3, mTOR, and NFKB1, have also been identified to express in the poultry skeletal muscles development. However, further researches, analysis, and comprehensive studies should be made on the various miRNAs and gene regulatory factors that influence the skeletal muscle development in poultry. The objective of this review is to summarize recent knowledge in miRNAs and their mode of action as well as transcription and candidate genes identified to regulate poultry skeletal muscle development.

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Fetal programming in ruminant animals: understanding the skeletal muscle development to improve meat quality

Animal Frontiers ◽

10.1093/af/vfab061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 66-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thaís Correia Costa ◽

Mateus Pies Gionbelli ◽

Marcio de Souza Duarte

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Fetal Programming ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Skeletal Muscle Development ◽

Ruminant Animals

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Longitudinal epi-transcriptome profiling reveals the crucial role of m6A in prenatal skeletal muscle development of pigs

10.1101/2019.12.27.888560 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Yilong Yao ◽

Jinghua Han ◽

Yalan Yang ◽

Yun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Rna Modification ◽

C2c12 Myoblast ◽

Skeletal Muscle Development ◽

The Status ◽

The Stability ◽

Myoblast Cells ◽

And Function

AbstractBackgroundN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification and essentially participates in the regulation of skeletal muscle development. However, the status and function of m6A methylation in prenatal myogenesis remains unclear now.ResultsIn our present study, we first demonstrate that chemical suppression of m6A and knockdown METTL14 significantly inhibit the differentiation and promote the proliferation of C2C12 myoblast cells. The mRNA expression of m6A reader protein IGF2BP1, which functions to promote the stability of target mRNA, continually decreases during the prenatal skeletal muscle development. Thereafter, profiling transcriptome-wide m6A for six developmental stage of prenatal skeletal muscle, which spanning two important waves of pig myogenesis, were performed using a refined MeRIP sequencing technology that is optimal for small-amount of RNA samples. Highly dynamic m6A methylomes across different development stages were then revealed, with majority of the affected genes enriched in pathways of skeletal muscle development. In association with the transcriptome-wide alterations, transcriptional regulatory factors (MyoD) and differentiated markers (MyHC, MYH1) of muscle development are simultaneously regulated with m6A and IGF2BP1. Knockdown of IGF2BP1 also suppresses myotube formation and promotes cell proliferation.ConclusionsThe present study clarifies the dynamics of RNA m6A methylation in the regulation of prenatal skeletal muscle development, providing a data baseline for future developmental as well as biomedical studies of m6A functions in muscle development and disease.

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