scholarly journals The Effect of Atypical Nucleic Acids Structures in DNA Double Strand Break Repair: A Tale of R-loops and G-Quadruplexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Camarillo ◽  
Sonia Jimeno ◽  
Pablo Huertas
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
Dna End Resection ◽  
End Resection

The fine tuning of the DNA double strand break repair pathway choice relies on different regulatory layers that respond to environmental and local cues. Among them, the presence of non-canonical nucleic acids structures seems to create challenges for the repair of nearby DNA double strand breaks. In this review, we focus on the recently published effects of G-quadruplexes and R-loops on DNA end resection and homologous recombination. Finally, we hypothesized a connection between those two atypical DNA structures in inhibiting the DNA end resection step of HR.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of RNA Modifications in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Jimeno ◽  
Fernando R. Balestra ◽  
Pablo Huertas
Keyword(s):  
Living Organism ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
The Stability

The correct repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential for maintaining the stability of the genome, thus ensuring the survival and fitness of any living organism. Indeed, the repair of these lesions is a complicated affair, in which several pathways compete for the DNA ends in a complex balance. Thus, the fine-tuning of the DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice relies on the different regulatory layers that respond to environmental cues. Among those different tiers of regulation, RNA modifications have just emerged as a promising field.

scholarly journals Prolyl Isomerase PIN1 Regulates DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Counteracting DNA End Resection

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Steger ◽  
Olga Murina ◽  
Daniela Hühn ◽  
Lorenza P. Ferretti ◽  
Reto Walser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Prolyl Isomerase ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
Dna End Resection ◽  
End Resection

scholarly journals Ubiquitylation-Mediated Fine-Tuning of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Barbara N. Borsos ◽  
Hajnalka Majoros ◽  
Tibor Pankotai
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Break Repair

The proper function of DNA repair is indispensable for eukaryotic cells since accumulation of DNA damages leads to genome instability and is a major cause of oncogenesis. Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation play a pivotal role in the precise regulation of DNA repair pathways by coordinating the recruitment and removal of repair proteins at the damaged site. Here, we summarize the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) involved in DNA double-strand break repair. Although we highlight the most relevant PTMs, we focus principally on ubiquitylation-related processes since these are the most robust regulatory pathways among those of DNA repair.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Role of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nip1+/ctp1+ Gene in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Association with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 Complex

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 3639-3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufuko Akamatsu ◽  
Yasuto Murayama ◽  
Takatomi Yamada ◽  
Tomofumi Nakazaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Epistasis Analysis ◽  
Dna Double Strand Break ◽  
Break Repair

ABSTRACT The Schizosaccharomyces pombe nip1 +/ctp1 + gene was previously identified as an slr (synthetically lethal with rad2) mutant. Epistasis analysis indicated that Nip1/Ctp1 functions in Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair, together with the Rad32 (spMre11)-Rad50-Nbs1 complex, which plays important roles in the early steps of DNA double-strand break repair. Nip1/Ctp1 was phosphorylated in asynchronous, exponentially growing cells and further phosphorylated in response to bleomycin treatment. Overproduction of Nip1/Ctp1 suppressed the DNA repair defect of an nbs1-s10 mutant, which carries a mutation in the FHA phosphopeptide-binding domain of Nbs1, but not of an nbs1 null mutant. Meiotic DNA double-strand breaks accumulated in the nip1/ctp1 mutant. The DNA repair phenotypes and epistasis relationships of nip1/ctp1 are very similar to those of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae sae2/com1 mutant, suggesting that Nip1/Ctp1 is a functional homologue of Sae2/Com1, although the sequence similarity between the proteins is limited to the C-terminal region containing the RHR motif. We found that the RxxL and CxxC motifs are conserved in Schizosaccharomyces species and in vertebrate CtIP, originally identified as a cofactor of the transcriptional corepressor CtBP. However, these two motifs are not found in other fungi, including Saccharomyces and Aspergillus species. We propose that Nip1/Ctp1 is a functional counterpart of Sae2/Com1 and CtIP.

scholarly journals DNA end resection and its role in DNA replication and DSB repair choice in mammalian cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1705-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Wootae Kim ◽  
Jake A. Kloeber ◽  
Zhenkun Lou
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
General Process ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
Dna End Resection ◽  
End Resection

Abstract DNA end resection has a key role in double-strand break repair and DNA replication. Defective DNA end resection can cause malfunctions in DNA repair and replication, leading to greater genomic instability. DNA end resection is initiated by MRN-CtIP generating short, 3′-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). This newly generated ssDNA is further elongated by multiple nucleases and DNA helicases, such as EXO1, DNA2, and BLM. Effective DNA end resection is essential for error-free homologous recombination DNA repair, the degradation of incorrectly replicated DNA and double-strand break repair choice. Because of its importance in DNA repair, DNA end resection is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have been reported to regulate the initiation, extension, and termination of DNA end resection. Here, we review the general process of DNA end resection and its role in DNA replication and repair pathway choice.

scholarly journals Exo1 plays a major role in DNA end resection in humans and influences double-strand break repair and damage signaling decisions

DNA Repair ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Tomimatsu ◽  
Bipasha Mukherjee ◽  
Katherine Deland ◽  
Akihiro Kurimasa ◽  
Emma Bolderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
Dna End Resection ◽  
End Resection
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