Programmed Degradation of Pericarp Cells in Wheat Grains Depends on Autophagy

Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, with development of the grains directly determining yield and quality. Understanding grain development and the underlying regulatory mechanisms is therefore essential in improving the yield and quality of wheat. In this study, the developmental characteristics of the pericarp was examined in developing wheat grains of the new variety Jimai 70. As a result, pericarp thickness was found to be thinnest in grains at the top of the spike, followed by those in the middle and thickest at the bottom. Moreover, this difference corresponded to the number of cell layers in the pericarp, which decreased as a result of programmed cell death (PCD). A number of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are involved in the process of PCD in the pericarp, and in this study, an increase in ATG8-PE expression was observed followed by the appearance of autophagy structures. Meanwhile, following interference of the key autophagy gene ATG8, PCD was inhibited and the thickness of the pericarp increased, resulting in small premature grains. These findings suggest that autophagy and PCD coexist in the pericarp during early development of wheat grains, with both processes increasing from the bottom to the top of the spike. Moreover, PCD was also found to rely on ATG8-mediated autophagy. The results of this study therefore provide a theoretical basis for in-depth studies of the regulatory mechanisms of wheat grain development.

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Effect of different packaging materials and storage periods on the yield and quality of bread wheat grains

Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.21608/ajas.2021.82074.1032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 25-37

Author(s):

Aya A. A. Ahmed ◽

E. Teama ◽

G. El-Nagar ◽

Howida A. EL-Kader

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

And Storage

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Influence of microbial and chemical contaminants on the yield and quality of ethanol from wheat grains

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.9433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 2348-2355 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena Bartkiene ◽

Grazina Juodeikiene ◽

Daiva Zadeike ◽

Violeta Baliukoniene ◽

Bronius Bakutis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Contaminants ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Yield And Quality

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THE EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT IN INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF THE SHELL OF WHEAT GRAIN IN PREPARATION FOR VARIETAL GRINDING

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ◽

10.51348/uwbu2815 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-75

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Yield And Quality

The effect of hydrothermal treatment on the strength of the wheat grain shell before the first torn process is investigated. It was found that the anatomical parts of wheat grains grown in arid climatic conditions are firmly interconnected, which, in turn, affects the yield and quality of varietal flour. The aim of the study is to weaken strong native connections and improve the yield and quality of flour. The effect of NaHCO3, H3PO4, CH3COOH, HCl additives to water on the yield and quality of flour was studied. Accordingly, in solutions of 0.1-0.2% hydrochloric acid and 0.3-0.8% phosphoric acid, an increase in the yield of flour and an improvement in its baking properties were determined.

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Expression of the aldehyde oxidase 3, ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, and VIVIPAROUS 1 genes in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2017151-9264 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e0701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magdalena Simlat ◽

Michał Nowak ◽

Kamil Brutkowski ◽

Marcin Hydzik ◽

Andrzej Zieliński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Background ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Complex Trait ◽

Aldehyde Oxidase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Grain Development ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase

The quality of wheat grains is often negatively affected by pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a complex trait with a poorly understood genetic background. In this study two wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to PHS were used to investigate expression of three genes: AAO3, CPS3 and VP1. AAO3 is coding for aldehyde oxidase 3, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid. CPS3 codes for ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase which belongs to the pathway of gibberellic acid synthesis. The product of VP1 (VIVIPAROUS 1) is a transcription factor which controls expression of the former two genes. The study was carried out using both developing and sprouting-induced grains. In Piko, a wheat cultivar susceptible to PHS, accumulation of the AAO3 transcript was significantly decreased, during the last stages of grain development, in comparison to Sława, a cultivar tolerant to PHS. In case of the CPS3 and VP1 transcripts, the differences between cultivars were especially evident from 17th to 31st day after pollination. In turn, after induction of sprouting within spikes, accumulation of the AAO3 and VP1 mRNA in the Sława grains was lower in comparison to that observed in the Piko grains. Moreover, accumulation of the CPS3 transcript was significantly higher for Piko than for Sława, both in sprouting and non-sprouting grains. According to our knowledge this report provides the first description of the AAO3 and CPS3 expression in the context of PHS, and in the future it would be valuable to correlate this information with the data on the accumulation of ABA and GA3.

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Yield and quality of wheat grains in crop rotation in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

pp. 012075

Author(s):

A V Lomanovskiy ◽

I A Korchagina

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

Yield And Quality

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Studies on Character Improvement in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Heterosis

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2019/v2i330044 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

M. Mahbubar Rahman Salim ◽

M. Harunur Rashid ◽

Md. Razzab Ali ◽

Limu Akter

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Pericarp Thickness ◽

Half Diallel ◽

Diallel Design ◽

Number Of Seeds ◽

Heterosis Breeding

Most of the tomato varieties in Bangladesh are of inbred type and produced low yield indicating need to develop high yielding variety through the hybridization. Heterosis breeding is used to improve yield and quality of tomato because traditional methods cannot be used to achieve this goal. A half diallel design was employed to develop F1s from seven parents of winter tomato. 21 F1s along with their parents were evaluated for yield and quality traits. Heterosis analysis revealed that heterotic vigor was present for growth and yield characters among hybrids. Heterosis for better parent was negative for days to flowering, days to harvest, harvest duration, number of locules, and number of seeds per fruit but positive for fruit set, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, pericarp thickness and TSS. None of the hybrid was heterotic for all characters simultaneously. The hybrids G5, G13, G16, G17, G18, and G20 had 25.73, 19.92, 39.20, 36.49, 53.77, and 50.31% higher heterosis compared to the better parent, respectively, for fruit yield per plant as well as for many other yield contributing traits. High heterosis for yield appears to be the consequence of heterosis of yield attributing traits; therefore, these hybrids offer scope of developing improved commercial lines through heterosis breeding.

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