scholarly journals With Chitosan and PLGA as the Delivery Vehicle, Toxoplasma gondii Oxidoreductase-Based DNA Vaccines Decrease Parasite Burdens in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqing Yu ◽  
Wandi Cao ◽  
Xuchen Gao ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Aleem ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
...  

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasitic protozoan that can cause serious public health problems. However, there is no effectively preventive or therapeutic strategy available for human and animals. In the present study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii oxidoreductase from short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (TgSDRO-pVAX1) and then entrapped in chitosan and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) to improve the efficacy. When encapsulated in chitosan (TgSDRO-pVAX1/CS nanospheres) and PLGA (TgSDRO-pVAX1/PLGA nanospheres), adequate plasmids were loaded and released stably. Before animal immunizations, the DNA vaccine was transfected into HEK 293-T cells and examined by western blotting and laser confocal microscopy. Th1/Th2 cellular and humoral immunity was induced in immunized mice, accompanied by modulated secretion of antibodies and cytokines, promoted the maturation and MHC expression of dendritic cells, and enhanced the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Immunization with TgSDRO-pVAX1/CS and TgSDRO-pVAX1/PLGA nanospheres conferred significant immunity with lower parasite burden in the mice model of acute toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, our results also lent credit to the idea that TgSDRO-pVAX1/CS and TgSDRO-pVAX1/PLGA nanospheres are substitutes for each other. In general, the current study proposed that TgSDRO-pVAX1 with chitosan or PLGA as the delivery vehicle is a promising vaccine candidate against acute toxoplasmosis.

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Zhengqing Yu ◽  
Yujia Lu ◽  
Wandi Cao ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Aleem ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
...  

The pathogen of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a zoonotic protozoon that can affect the health of warm-blooded animals including humans. Up to now, an effective vaccine with completely protection is still inaccessible. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii histone deacetylase SIR2 (pVAX1-SIR2) was constructed. To enhance the efficacy, chitosan and poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic)-acid (PLGA) were employed to design nanospheres loaded with the DNA vaccine, denoted as pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres. The pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids were transfected into HEK 293-T cells, and the expression was evaluated by a laser scanning confocal microscopy. Then, the immune protections of pVAX1-SIR2 plasmid, pVAX1-SIR2/CS nanospheres, and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres were evaluated in a laboratory animal model. The in vivo findings indicated that pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres could generate a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, as indicated by the regulated production of antibodies and cytokines, the enhanced maturation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression of dendritic cells (DCs), the induced splenocyte proliferation, and the increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, this enhanced immunity could obviously reduce the parasite burden in immunized animals through a lethal dose of T. gondii RH strain challenge. All these results propose that pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids entrapped in chitosan or PLGA nanospheres could be the promising vaccines against acute T. gondii infections and deserve further investigations.


2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2871-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tao ◽  
Rui Fang ◽  
Weichao Zhang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Jianxi Cheng ◽  
...  

Vaccine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (48) ◽  
pp. 6757-6762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Cao ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xun Li ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
...  

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1734-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Si-Yang Huang ◽  
Zhong-Yuan Li ◽  
Zi-Guo Yuan ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhou ◽  
...  

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