scholarly journals Gateway Reflex and Mechanotransduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiina Matsuyama ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Rie Hasebe ◽  
Shintaro Hojyo ◽  
Masaaki Murakami
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Mechanosensory Transduction ◽  
Junction Molecules ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
External Stimuli

SummaryThe gateway reflex explains how autoreactive CD4+ T cells cause inflammation in tissues that have blood-barriers, such as the central nervous system and retina. It depends on neural activations in response to specific external stimuli, such as gravity, pain, stress, and light, which lead to the secretion of noradrenaline at specific vessels in the tissues. Noradrenaline activates NFkB at these vessels, followed by an increase of chemokine expression as well as a reduction of tight junction molecules to accumulate autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which breach blood-barriers. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) molecules on sensory neurons are critical for the gateway reflex, indicating the importance of mechano-sensing. In this review, we overview the gateway reflex with a special interest in mechanosensory transduction (mechanotransduction).

scholarly journals Osmoregulatory thirst in mice lacking the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and/or type 4 (TRPV4) receptor

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (9) ◽  
pp. R1092-R1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kinsman ◽  
James Cowles ◽  
Jennifer Lay ◽  
Sarah S. Simmonds ◽  
Kirsteen N. Browning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Cellular Dehydration ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Transient Receptor

Recent studies suggest the ability of the central nervous system to detect changes in osmolality is mediated by products of the genes encoding the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) or vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channel. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether deletion of TRPV1 and/or TRPV4 channels altered thirst responses to cellular dehydration in mice. Injection of 0.5 or 1.0 M NaCl produced dose-dependent increases in cumulative water intakes of wild-type (WT), TRPV1−/−, TRPV4−/−, and TRPV1−/−V4−/− mice. However, there were no differences in cumulative water intakes between WT versus any other strain despite similar increases in plasma electrolytes and osmolality. Similar results were observed after injection of hypertonic mannitol. This was a consistent finding regardless of the injection route (intraperitoneal vs. subcutaneous) or timed access to water (delayed vs. immediate). There were also no differences in cumulative intakes across strains after injection of 0.15 M NaCl or during a time-controlled period (no injection). Chronic hypernatremia produced by sole access to 2% NaCl for 48 h also produced similar increases in water intake across strains. In a final set of experiments, subcutaneous injection of 0.5 M NaCl produced similar increases in the number of Fos-positive nuclei within the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and median preoptic nucleus across strains but significantly smaller number in the subfornical organ of WT versus TRPV1−/−V4−/− mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that TRPV1 and/or TRPV4 channels are not the primary mechanism by which the central nervous system responds to cellular dehydration during hypernatremia or hyperosmolality to increase thirst.

scholarly journals Febrile temperature change modulates CD4 T cell differentiation via a TRPV channel-regulated Notch-dependent pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22357-22366
Author(s):  
Danish Umar ◽  
Arundhoti Das ◽  
Suman Gupta ◽  
Somdeb Chattopadhyay ◽  
Debayan Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid

Fever is a conserved and prominent response to infection. Yet, the issue of how CD4 T cell responses are modulated if they occur at fever temperatures remains poorly addressed. We have examined the priming of naive CD4 T cells in vitro at fever temperatures, and we report notable fever-mediated modulation of their cytokine commitment. When naive CD4 T cells were primed by plate-bound anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies at moderate fever temperature (39 °C), they enhanced commitment to IL4/5/13 (Th2) and away from IFNg (Th1). This was accompanied by up-regulation of the Th2-relevant transcription factor GATA3 and reduction in the Th1-relevant transcription factor Tbet. Fever sensing by CD4 T cells involved transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channels (TRPVs) since TRPV1/TRPV4 antagonism blocked the febrile Th2 switch, while TRPV1 agonists mediated a Th2 switch at 37 °C. The febrile Th2 switch was IL4 independent, but a γ-secretase inhibitor abrogated it, and it was not found in Notch1-null CD4 T cells, identifying the Notch pathway as a major mediator. However, when naive CD4 T cells were primed via antigen and dendritic cells (DCs) at fever temperatures, the Th2 switch was abrogated via increased production of IL12 from DCs at fever temperatures. Thus, immune cells directly sense fever temperatures with likely complex physiological consequences.

Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 in Human Blood Lymphocytes and Jurkat Leukemia T Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina O. Vassilieva ◽  
Victor N. Tomilin ◽  
Irina I. Marakhova ◽  
Alla N. Shatrova ◽  
Yuri A. Negulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Transient Receptor

scholarly journals Distinct Reactivity of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1 in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis with Serious Scratching

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Yan Xia ◽  
Akane Tanaka ◽  
Kumiko Oida ◽  
Akira Matsuda ◽  
Hyosun Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Itch Sensation ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
External Stimuli

Background: Abnormality in skin sensitivity may be responsible for unbearable itch in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives: We evaluated reactivity of NC/Tnd mice, a model for human AD, against various experimental stimulations. Methods: Several behavioral tests were performed after external stimuli were applied to NC/Tnd mice. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) reactivity of neuronal cells collected from the dorsal root ganglions (DRG) was analyzed with a Ca++ influx test. Finally, we evaluated suppressive effect of capsaicin on atopic itch of NC/Tnd mice. Results: Pain responses to heat, acidic stimulation, and capsaicin injection, which are transduced through TRPV1, were decreased in NC/Tnd mice, when compared to two standard strains BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The reactivity of the primary neurons isolated from DRG to capsaicin was markedly reduced in NC/Tnd mice. Topical application of histamine evoked scratching in NC/Tnd mice as well as other two strains; however, the scratching intensities induced by nonhistamine pruritogens were significantly lower in NC/Tnd mice comparing to the two strains. In conventional NC/Tnd mice with AD, topical application of capsaicin reduced the scratching behavior. Conclusion: TRPV1 is associated with both pain and itch sensation; however, abnormalities in TRPV1 reactivity may involve in severe itch in NC/Tnd mice.

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