scholarly journals Boldness Predicts Aggressiveness, Metabolism, and Activity in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiu Fu ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Fengyuan Shen ◽  
Xiuwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Beat Rate ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

Animal personality refers to individual behavioral and physiological differences that are consistent over time and across context. Recently, the fish personality has gained increasing attention, especially from the perspective of aquaculture production. Here, we used an important aquaculture species, black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, as the target animal, and conducted a series of experiments to explore the relationships among fish boldness, aggressiveness, locomotor activity, opercular beat rate, standard metabolic rate, and cortisol level. Generally, the results showed that the boldness of black rockfish was significantly, positively correlated with fish aggressiveness, stressed locomotor activity, and standard metabolic rate, while was negatively correlated with stressed opercular beat rate. Bold fish had significantly higher aggressiveness, standard metabolic rate, and stressed locomotor activity but lower stressed opercular beat rate. However, there were no significant correlations between boldness and basal locomotor activity or between boldness and basal cortisol level. These results preliminarily constructed the behavioral and physiological spectrum of black rockfish in the context of fish personality and clearly indicated that the boldness could be used as a discrimination tool to predict fish aggressiveness and metabolic rate, which may have valuable applications for decreasing fish harmful aggression and increasing fish welfare in the aquaculture industry.

Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wei Huang ◽  
Chun-Chung Lui ◽  
Weng-Neng Chang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Ya-Ling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

One microgram is the lowest ACTH dose to cause a maximal cortisol response. There is no diurnal variation of cortisol response to submaximal ACTH stimulation

1997 ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dickstein ◽  
D Spigel ◽  
E Arad ◽  
C Shechner
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Baseline Cortisol ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Responses

There are many suggestions in the literature that the adrenal gland is more sensitive to ACTH in the evening than in the morning. However, all these studies in humans were conducted when the basal cortisol level was not suppressed, and were based on the observation that, after stimulation, the increases in cortisol differed, though the peak values were the same. To examine this, we established the lowest ACTH dose that caused a maximal cortisol stimulation even when the basal cortisol was suppressed, and used a smaller dose of ACTH for morning and evening stimulation. The lowest ACTH dose to achieve maximal stimulation was found to be 1.0 microgram, with which dose cortisol concentration increased to 607.2 +/- 182 nmol/l, compared with 612.7 +/- 140.8 nmol/l with the 250 micrograms test (P > 0.3). The use of smaller doses of ACTH (0.8 and 0.6 microgram) achieved significantly lower cortisol responses (312 +/- 179.4 and 323 +/- 157.3 nmol/l respectively; both P < 0.01 compared with the 1 microgram test). When a submaximal ACTH dose (0.6 microgram) was used to stimulate the adrenal at 0800 and 1600 h, after pretreatment with dexamethasone, no difference in response was noted at either 15 min (372.6 +/- 116 compared with 394.7 +/- 129.7 nmol/l) or 30 min (397.4 +/- 176.6 compared with 403 +/- 226.3 nmol/l; P > 0.3 for both times). These results show that 1.0 microgram ACTH, used latterly as a low-dose test, is very potent in stimulating the adrenal, even when baseline cortisol is suppressed; smaller doses cause reduction of this potency. Our data show that there is probably no diurnal variation in the response of the adrenal to ACTH, if one eliminates the influence of the basal cortisol level and uses physiologic rather than superphysiologic stimuli.

scholarly journals Effects of Food Deprivation Duration on the Behavior and Metabolism of Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Fengyuan Shen ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Yiqiu Fu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii ◽  
Food Shortages

Fish often undergo food shortages in nature, especially for juveniles that are relatively vulnerable in most aspects. Therefore, the effects of food deprivation on fish behavior and physiology are worth exploring. Here, we investigated the behavioral and metabolic adaptations of the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii to different durations of food deprivation. In this study, three treatments were set: control group, short-term food deprivation (STFD) group, and long-term food deprivation (LTFD) group. The rearing lasted for six weeks. During this period, videos were recorded three times per week to assess the locomotor activity and aggression. After this, the fishes’ boldness, neophobia, and aggressiveness were assessed using different behavioral assessment devices, while the standard metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by flow-type respirometry. In general, the values of the four indicators (swimming time, the number of turns, movement number, and attack number) for the STFD group were significantly higher than those for the control and LTFD group during the same period of rearing. In a subsequent personality assessment, the STFD group was observed to be significantly bolder in an assessment measuring boldness than the control and LTFD group (indicated by time in the circle, swimming time, number of times through the circle, and frequency in the circle). The LTFD group was observed to be more exploratory in the assessment of neophobia (indicated by duration in the exploratory area, distance from novelty item, and frequency of stay in the exploratory area). Indeed, the LTFD group was observed to be significantly less aggressive in the assessment of aggressiveness than the control and STFD group (indicated by attack number, attack range frequency, first attack, and winner). SMR was noted to be significantly higher in the STFD group than in the control and LTFD group. In conclusion, this study firstly reported the effects of food deprivation duration on the personalities of black rockfish, as well as the behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Thus, we hope to provide insights into the work of stock enhancement.

Reproducibility of the cortisol response to stimulation with a low dose of ACTH(1–24): the effect of basal cortisol levels and comparison of low-dose with high-dose secretory dynamics

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Crowley ◽  
P. C. Hindmarsh ◽  
J. W. Honour ◽  
C. G. D. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Serum Cortisol Concentration

ABSTRACT We compared the reproducibility and repeatability of the acute adrenal response to low doses (90 and 500 ng/1·73 m2) of Synacthen (ACTH(1–24)) with that of the standard dose (250 μg/1·73 m2). We also examined the effect of basal cortisol levels on peak values achieved after stimulation with a low dose. ACTH(1–24) was given to six male volunteers: 90 ng/1·73 m2 twice at 90-min intervals on day 1, and 90 and 500 ng/1·73 m2 once on day 2 and 250 μg/1·73 m2 once on day 3. The rise in serum cortisol concentration with repeated low doses of ACTH was not attenuated (161 ± 49 (s.d.) nmol/l on initial vs 150 ± 41 nmol/l on repeat stimulation; P = 0·5) and this was reproducible (161 ± 49 nmol/l on day 1 vs 148 ± 15 nmol/l on day 2; P = 0·6). A dose of 500 ng ACTH(1–24)/1·73 m2 produced a maximal adrenal response in that the rise in serum cortisol concentration at 20 min was identical with that produced at the same time by the standard dose of 250 μg/1·73 m2. There was a strong positive correlation between the basal cortisol level and peak cortisol concentration after low-dose ACTH stimulation (r = 0·93, P < 0·001) but not between the basal cortisol level and the incremental rise (r= −0·1, P = 0·69). These results suggest that the cortisol response to low-dose ACTH stimulation is reproducible and not attenuated by repeat stimulation at 90-min intervals. The incremental rise in serum cortisol concentration after ACTH stimulation appears constant in these situations and is not influenced by the basal cortisol level. When there is concern that the standard dose may be excessive and mask subtle but important changes in adrenal function, the low dose (500 ng) of ACTH should be used. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 167–172

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of basal cortisol level at 0900-1300h in adrenal insufficiency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0225255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worapaka Manosroi ◽  
Mattabhorn Phimphilai ◽  
Jiraporn Khorana ◽  
Pichitchai Atthakomol
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

Adrenal insufficiency with chronic hyponatraemia and normal basal cortisol level: time to review the investigation of hyponatraemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansukhbhai Shekhda Kalyan ◽  
Maria Darda ◽  
Syed Bitat ◽  
Ali Rathore ◽  
Taofeek Ojewuyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

Study of effect of whitening creams on serum basal cortisol level in egyptian females

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Khairy ◽  
Yara Eid ◽  
Iman Zaky ◽  
Merhan Samy ◽  
Mohammed Omar
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Basal Cortisol Level

scholarly journals Changes in Aggressive Behavior, Cortisol and Brain Monoamines during the Formation of Social Hierarchy in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Xiuwen Xu ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Jianguang Qin ◽  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Aggressive interactions can lead to a social hierarchy and influence the responses of animal behavior and physiology. However, our understanding on the changes of fish behavior and physiology during the process of social hierarchical formation is limited. To explore the responses of fish behavior and physiology to social hierarchy, we examined the differences in the growth performance, aggression, cortisol level, brain serotonergic activity, and brain dopamine activity between the dominant individuals and the subordinate individuals of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) in two time scenarios. In the short-term contest, the cortisol level and the ratio of telencephalic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly higher in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In the long-term contest, the ratios of 5-HIAA/5-HT in all brain regions were significantly higher, and the frequency of aggressive acts were significantly lower in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In contrast, no difference was detected in growth performance. Significant positive correlations between the cortisol level and serotonergic activity were observed in the short-term contest, but the serotonergic activity was negatively correlated with the aggressive behavior in the long-term contest. These results suggest that subordinate hierarchy inhibits aggression but does not impact growth in black rockfish. The cortisol-related change in brain monoaminergic activity could be a potential indicator to predict aggressive behavior in black rockfish in captivity with an obvious social hierarchy.

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