scholarly journals Changes in Aggressive Behavior, Cortisol and Brain Monoamines during the Formation of Social Hierarchy in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Xiuwen Xu ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Jianguang Qin ◽  
Xiumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Aggressive interactions can lead to a social hierarchy and influence the responses of animal behavior and physiology. However, our understanding on the changes of fish behavior and physiology during the process of social hierarchical formation is limited. To explore the responses of fish behavior and physiology to social hierarchy, we examined the differences in the growth performance, aggression, cortisol level, brain serotonergic activity, and brain dopamine activity between the dominant individuals and the subordinate individuals of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) in two time scenarios. In the short-term contest, the cortisol level and the ratio of telencephalic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was significantly higher in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In the long-term contest, the ratios of 5-HIAA/5-HT in all brain regions were significantly higher, and the frequency of aggressive acts were significantly lower in subordinate individuals than in dominant individuals. In contrast, no difference was detected in growth performance. Significant positive correlations between the cortisol level and serotonergic activity were observed in the short-term contest, but the serotonergic activity was negatively correlated with the aggressive behavior in the long-term contest. These results suggest that subordinate hierarchy inhibits aggression but does not impact growth in black rockfish. The cortisol-related change in brain monoaminergic activity could be a potential indicator to predict aggressive behavior in black rockfish in captivity with an obvious social hierarchy.

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level, and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus ◽  
And Control

Abstract An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Food Deprivation Duration on the Behavior and Metabolism of Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Fengyuan Shen ◽  
Zonghang Zhang ◽  
Yiqiu Fu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii ◽  
Food Shortages

Fish often undergo food shortages in nature, especially for juveniles that are relatively vulnerable in most aspects. Therefore, the effects of food deprivation on fish behavior and physiology are worth exploring. Here, we investigated the behavioral and metabolic adaptations of the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii to different durations of food deprivation. In this study, three treatments were set: control group, short-term food deprivation (STFD) group, and long-term food deprivation (LTFD) group. The rearing lasted for six weeks. During this period, videos were recorded three times per week to assess the locomotor activity and aggression. After this, the fishes’ boldness, neophobia, and aggressiveness were assessed using different behavioral assessment devices, while the standard metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by flow-type respirometry. In general, the values of the four indicators (swimming time, the number of turns, movement number, and attack number) for the STFD group were significantly higher than those for the control and LTFD group during the same period of rearing. In a subsequent personality assessment, the STFD group was observed to be significantly bolder in an assessment measuring boldness than the control and LTFD group (indicated by time in the circle, swimming time, number of times through the circle, and frequency in the circle). The LTFD group was observed to be more exploratory in the assessment of neophobia (indicated by duration in the exploratory area, distance from novelty item, and frequency of stay in the exploratory area). Indeed, the LTFD group was observed to be significantly less aggressive in the assessment of aggressiveness than the control and STFD group (indicated by attack number, attack range frequency, first attack, and winner). SMR was noted to be significantly higher in the STFD group than in the control and LTFD group. In conclusion, this study firstly reported the effects of food deprivation duration on the personalities of black rockfish, as well as the behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Thus, we hope to provide insights into the work of stock enhancement.

scholarly journals PSV-7 Effects of music stimulus on behavior response, cortisol level and immunity horizontal of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Jiafang Li ◽  
Qian Han ◽  
Runxiang Zhang ◽  
Honggui Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Music Stimulus

Abstract Enrichment environment is widely used to improve the welfare of domestic animals and satisfy their natural behavior. Music as an enriched environment can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, non-human primates and rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated music stimuli on the behavior, physiology and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 5-week-old hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three treatments groups of the music group (Mozart K.448, 65–70 dB), the noise group (mechanical noise, 85–90 dB) and the control group (silence, less than 40dB). During 60 days of auditory exposure, the behavioral responses, cortisol level and immune horizontal of the piglets were measured. The results showed that the active behavior of the growing pigs increased and lying behavior decreased in the music group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The music stimulus increased tail wagging, tail in curl and playing behaviors (P < 0.05). The noise stimulus increased aggressive behavior (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the exploring and manipulative behaviors (P > 0.05). The frequency of the event behaviors decreased with the time of auditory stimuli (P < 0.05). Short-term music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than the noise and control groups (P < 0.05). Long-term music stimulus increased the level of IgG, IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and decreased the IL-4 level (P < 0.05). Noise stimulus reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the level of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ (P > 0.05). In conclusion, music stimulus triggers the pigs to show more positive behaviors, and the short-term music stimulus can reduce the stress response, while the long-term music stimulus can enhance the immune responses in the growing pigs.

scholarly journals Short-Term Fidelity, Habitat Use and Vertical Movement Behavior of the Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii as Determined by Acoustic Telemetry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0134381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqiu Zhang ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Josep Alós ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Qinzeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Effect of Starch Source in Concentrate Diets and of Days on Feed on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Return of Feedlot Steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchalee Khongpradit ◽  
Phoompong Boonsaen ◽  
Nitipong Homwong ◽  
Keiji Matsuba ◽  
Yasuo Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Abstract The effects of PS were determined as a concentrate added to feed and of the days it was short-term and long-term fed to fattening dairy steers on their growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic return. The experimental units comprised 36 feedlot dairy steers arranged as a 2 ⋅ 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. The first term (diet factors) consisted of ground corn (GC), ground cassava (CA), or pineapple stem starch (PS) at 37% dry matter (DM) in the concentrate. The second term (feeding factors) consisted of feeding the concentrate from 1 to 206 days (short-term feeding) or from 1 to 344 days (long-term feeding). At the end of the feeding term periods, the animals were slaughtered and the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated. The average daily gain (ADG), feed:gain ratio, dry matter intake (DMI), hot carcass and cool carcass percentages, and backfat thickness were greater for steers on short-term than on long-term feeding. Feeding the different starch sources had no negative influence on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. However, the ADG of steers fed PS tended (P = 0.07) to be higher than for those fed GC or CA. In addition, the concentration of the fatty acid C14:1 in the longissimus dorsi muscle was the highest in steers fed CA. Different starch sources had similar values for saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA.) Long-term feeding increased MUFA. Pineapple stem starch could be a useful feed ingredient for feedlot steers as an alternative starch source for energy.

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