Subchondral Trabecular Microstructure and Articular Cartilage Damage Variations Between Osteoarthritis and Osteoporotic Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Cohort Study

Osteoporotic osteoarthritis (OP-OA) is a specific type of OA. In this study, we aimed to assess the subchondral plate and rod microstructural differences between OA and OP-OA patients by using an individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS) system and to analyze the relationships between subchondral microstructures and cartilage damage in OA and OP-OA patients. Overall, 31 femoral heads were included in this study, which included 11 samples with OA and 13 samples with OP-OA; the normal control (NC) group contained 7 healthy femoral heads. ITS was performed to segment the subchondral trabecular bone into plate and rod trabeculae based on microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) images. We compared the plate and rod trabeculae of the subchondral trabecular bone between OA and OP-OA patients. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score was employed to evaluate cartilage damage based on histological observations. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationships between subchondral microstructures and articular cartilage damage. Results showed that several microstructural parameters, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), plate bone volume fraction (pBV/TV), rod bone volume fraction (rBV/TV), plate trabecular number (pTb.N), rod trabecular number (rTb.N), junction density between rod and plate (R-P Junc.D), and junction density between plate and plate (P-P Junc.D), were significantly decreased in patients with OP-OA compared with those in patients with OA (p < 0.05). Histological observations indicated that cartilage damage was more serious in patients with OP-OA than that in patients with OA (p < 0.05). Moreover, BV/TV, pBV/TV, pTb.N, and pTb.Th were significantly related to the OARSI score in both OA and OP-OA patients. These results indicated that there were differences in the subchondral rod and plate trabeculae between OA and OP-OA patients. Subchondral decreased plate trabeculae (pBV/TV, pTb.N, and pTb.Th) might account for cartilage damage in the progression of OP-OA. This study provided new insights to research OA when it is combined with OP.

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Measurement of trabecular bone parameters with different bone thickness and voxel size in mice using micro CT

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v15n2019.1128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 65-68

Author(s):

Nurin Nadzlah Abu Bakar ◽

Basri Saidi ◽

Lyana Shahirah Mohamad Yamin

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Bone Morphology ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Voxel Size ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

Trabecular Separation ◽

Trabecular Number

Micro-CT is one of the best modalities in assessing bone morphology and microarchitecture in small animal models. Voxel size is directly related to the image resolution as it influences the bone morphology results. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of t different thicknesses of structures on the trabecular bone qualitative parameters. It was also to find out the most appropriate voxel size when scanning a certain or specific body part with different thicknesses. Five BALB-C breed mice carcasses were scanned using two different voxel sizes of 18 and 35 µm. The scanning acquisition times were recorded to be compared and the trabecular bone parameters measurements were taken. Both trabecular number and trabecular separation were increased in thicker structures meanwhile bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness values were inconsistent with the increment of the structure thickness. The bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were higher in larger voxel size and vice versa for trabecular number. The scanning acquisition time has no apparent correlation with the trabecular bone parameters. The thickness of the bone structure did affect trabecular number and trabecular separation significantly but less affecting bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness. All trabecular bone parameters were found affected by the size of scanning voxel size used. The usage of 35 µm voxel was more recommended than 18 µm to save time and give out less radiation dose to specimen unless the detailed features of the trabecular pattern was very important.

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Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis

npj Microgravity ◽

10.1038/s41526-021-00147-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingyan Fu ◽

Matthew Goldsmith ◽

Sequoia D. Crooks ◽

Sean F. Condon ◽

Martin Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Health ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Trabecular Bone Volume ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Percentage Difference ◽

Induced Changes

AbstractAnimals in space exploration studies serve both as a model for human physiology and as a means to understand the physiological effects of microgravity. To quantify the microgravity-induced changes to bone health in animals, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and NASA Technical reports. We selected 40 papers focusing on the bone health of 95 rats, 61 mice, and 9 rhesus monkeys from 22 space missions. The percentage difference from ground control in rodents was –24.1% [Confidence interval: −43.4, −4.9] for trabecular bone volume fraction and –5.9% [−8.0, −3.8] for the cortical area. In primates, trabecular bone volume fraction was lower by –25.2% [−35.6, −14.7] in spaceflight animals compared to GC. Bone formation indices in rodent trabecular and cortical bone were significantly lower in microgravity. In contrast, osteoclast numbers were not affected in rats and were variably affected in mice. Thus, microgravity induces bone deficits in rodents and primates likely through the suppression of bone formation.

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Dependences of the attenuation and the backscatter coefficients on the frequency, the bone volume fraction, and the trabecular thickness in trabecular-bone-mimicking phantoms

Applied Acoustics ◽

10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 107330

Author(s):

Kang Il Lee

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Trabecular Thickness

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Biaxial Normal Strength Behavior in the Axial-Transverse Plane for Human Trabecular Bone—Effects of Bone Volume Fraction, Microarchitecture, and Anisotropy

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4025679 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 135 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arnav Sanyal ◽

Tony M. Keaveny

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Elastic Anisotropy ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Transverse Plane ◽

Mechanical Anisotropy ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Human Trabecular Bone ◽

Strength Behavior ◽

Normal Strength

The biaxial failure behavior of the human trabecular bone, which has potential relevance both for fall and gait loading conditions, is not well understood, particularly for low-density bone, which can display considerable mechanical anisotropy. Addressing this issue, we investigated the biaxial normal strength behavior and the underlying failure mechanisms for human trabecular bone displaying a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.06–0.34) and elastic anisotropy. Micro-computed tomography (CT)-based nonlinear finite element analysis was used to simulate biaxial failure in 15 specimens (5 mm cubes), spanning the complete biaxial normal stress failure space in the axial-transverse plane. The specimens, treated as approximately transversely isotropic, were loaded in the principal material orientation. We found that the biaxial stress yield surface was well characterized by the superposition of two ellipses—one each for yield failure in the longitudinal and transverse loading directions—and the size, shape, and orientation of which depended on bone volume fraction and elastic anisotropy. However, when normalized by the uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths in the longitudinal and transverse directions, all of which depended on bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy, the resulting normalized biaxial strength behavior was well described by a single pair of (longitudinal and transverse) ellipses, with little interspecimen variation. Taken together, these results indicate that the role of bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy is mostly accounted for in determining the uniaxial strength behavior and the effect of these parameters on the axial-transverse biaxial normal strength behavior per se is minor.

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Architectural changes of trabecular bone caused by the remodeling process

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-874-l1.9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 874 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Weinkamer ◽

Markus A. Hartmann ◽

Yves Brechet ◽

Peter Fratzl

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Feedback Loop ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Mechanical Problem ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Obvious Effect ◽

Trabecular Bone Architecture

AbstractUsing a stochastic lattice model we have studied the architectural changes of trabecular bone occurring while the structure is remodeled. Our model considers the mechanical feedback loop, which control the remodeling process. A fast algorithm was employed to solve approximately the mechanical problem. A general feature of the model is that a networklike structure emerges, which further coarsens while the bone volume fraction remains unchanged. Decreasing the mechanical response of the system by either lowering the external load or the internal mechano-sensitivity leads not only to a reduction of the bone volume fraction, but results in topological changes of the trabecular bone architecture, where the loss of horizontal trabeculae is the most obvious effect.

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Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Modulates the Expressions of Proinflammatory Cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and Their Receptors ST2 and IL17RA, within the Articular Cartilage in Early Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2021/9915877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jai-Hong Cheng ◽

Shun-Wun Jhan ◽

Chieh-Cheng Hsu ◽

Hung-Wen Chiu ◽

Shan-Ling Hsu

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy ◽

Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽

Shockwave Therapy ◽

Trabecular Number

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (AVNFH) is a disease caused by injury to the blood supply of the femoral head, resulting in a collapse with osteonecrosis and damage to the articular cartilage. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been demonstrated to improve AVNFH owing to its anti-inflammation activity, angiogenesis effect, and tissue regeneration in clinical treatment. However, there are still so many pieces of the jigsaw that need to be fit into place in order to ascertain the mechanism of ESWT for the treatment of AVNFH. The study demonstrated that ESWT significantly protected the trabecular bone volume fraction BV/TV ( P < 0.01 ) and the trabecular thickness ( P < 0.001 ), while in contrast, the trabecular number and trabecular separation were not significantly different after treatment as compared with AVNFH. ESWT protected the articular cartilage in animal model of AVNFH. The levels of IL1-β and IL33 were significantly induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with Sham and ESWT groups and reduced in ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ) as compared with AVNFH group. In addition, the expression of the receptor of IL33, ST2, was reduced in AVNFH and induced after ESWT ( P < 0.001 ). The expression of IL17A was induced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and reduced in the ESWT group ( P < 0.001 ). Further, the expression of the receptor of IL17A, IL17RA, was reduced in the AVNFH group ( P < 0.001 ) and improved to a normal level in the ESWT group as compared with Sham group ( P < 0.001 ). Taken together, the results of the study indicated that ESWT modulated the expression of IL1-β, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL33 and IL17A, and their receptors ST2 and IL17RA, to protect against loss of the extracellular matrix in the articular cartilage of early AVNFH.

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The plate-to-rod transition in trabecular bone loss is elusive

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.201401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 201401

Author(s):

A. A. Felder ◽

S. Monzem ◽

R. De Souza ◽

B. Javaheri ◽

D. Mills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Continuous Measure ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Trabecular Bone Loss ◽

Mouse Tibia ◽

Disease Stages ◽

The Relationship

Changes in trabecular micro-architecture are key to our understanding of osteoporosis. Previous work focusing on structure model index (SMI) measurements have concluded that disease progression entails a shift from plates to rods in trabecular bone, but SMI is heavily biased by bone volume fraction. As an alternative to SMI, we proposed the ellipsoid factor (EF) as a continuous measure of local trabecular shape between plate-like and rod-like extremes. We investigated the relationship between EF distributions, SMI and bone volume fraction of the trabecular geometry in a murine model of disuse osteoporosis as well as from human vertebrae of differing bone volume fraction. We observed a moderate shift in EF median (at later disease stages in mouse tibia) and EF mode (in the vertebral samples with low bone volume fraction) towards a more rod-like geometry, but not in EF maximum and minimum. These results support the notion that the plate to rod transition does not coincide with the onset of bone loss and is considerably more moderate, when it does occur, than SMI suggests. A variety of local shapes not straightforward to categorize as rod or plate exist in all our trabecular bone samples.

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Influence of bone volume fraction and architecture on computed large-deformation failure mechanisms in human trabecular bone

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.016 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1218-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Grant Bevill ◽

Senthil K. Eswaran ◽

Atul Gupta ◽

Panayiotis Papadopoulos ◽

Tony M. Keaveny

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Bone ◽

Large Deformation ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Human Trabecular Bone

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The Quartic Piecewise-Linear Criterion for the Multiaxial Yield Behavior of Human Trabecular Bone

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4029109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arnav Sanyal ◽

Joanna Scheffelin ◽

Tony M. Keaveny

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Yield Criterion ◽

Shear Loading ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Mechanical Anisotropy ◽

Bone Volume Fraction ◽

Human Trabecular Bone ◽

Strain Space

Prior multiaxial strength studies on trabecular bone have either not addressed large variations in bone volume fraction and microarchitecture, or have not addressed the full range of multiaxial stress states. Addressing these limitations, we utilized micro-computed tomography (μCT) based nonlinear finite element analysis to investigate the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of ten specimens (5 mm cube) of human trabecular bone, taken from three anatomic sites and spanning a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.09–0.36), mechanical anisotropy (range of E3/E1 = 3.0–12.0), and microarchitecture. We found that most of the observed variation in multiaxial strength behavior could be accounted for by normalizing the multiaxial strength by specimen-specific values of uniaxial strength (tension, compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions). Scatter between specimens was reduced further when the normalized multiaxial strength was described in strain space. The resulting multiaxial failure envelope in this normalized-strain space had a rectangular boxlike shape for normal–normal loading and either a rhomboidal boxlike shape or a triangular shape for normal-shear loading, depending on the loading direction. The finite element data were well described by a single quartic yield criterion in the 6D normalized-strain space combined with a piecewise linear yield criterion in two planes for normal-shear loading (mean error ± SD: 4.6 ± 0.8% for the finite element data versus the criterion). This multiaxial yield criterion in normalized-strain space can be used to describe the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of human trabecular bone across a wide range of bone volume fraction, mechanical anisotropy, and microarchitecture.

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