scholarly journals Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a COVID-19 and HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Min Cho ◽  
Sara Guevara ◽  
Judith Aronsohn ◽  
James M. Mumford ◽  
Linda Shore-Lesserson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living With Hiv

This case report describes a 60 year-old Black-American male with a past medical history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hyperthyroidism, who suffered a bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. SP is a well-established complication in HIV-positive patients and only recently has been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While HIV and COVID-19 infections have been independently linked with increased risk of SP development, it is unknown if both infections interact in a synergistic fashion to exacerbate SP risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), patients living with HIV have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection and the mechanism remains to be elucidated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a HIV-positive patient, who in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, developed bilateral apical spontaneous pneumothorax and was later found to have a left lower lobe tension pneumothorax. This case highlights the importance of considering SP on the differential diagnosis when HIV-positive patients suddenly develop respiratory distress in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Shallow Water Diving-Associated Alveolar Hemorrhage in an Active Duty Sailor: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brannon L Inman ◽  
Rachel E Bridwell ◽  
Amber Cibrario ◽  
Sarah Goss ◽  
Joshua J Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Breath-hold diving is a common practice as a part of military dive training. An association between prior lung injury and a propensity for lung barotrauma may have the potential to impact mission readiness for combat divers, Pararescue, Combat Controllers, Army Engineer divers, and various units in Naval Special Warfare and Special Operations. Barotrauma is a common complication of diving, typically occurring at depths greater than 30 m (98.4 ft). Individuals with abnormal lung anatomy or function may be at increased risk of barotrauma at shallower depths than those with healthy lungs, rendering these service members unfit for certain missions. We describe the case of a 25-year-old male, with a remote history of polytrauma and resultant pulmonary pleural adhesions, whose dive training was complicated by lung barotrauma at shallow depths. In missions or training utilizing breath-hold diving, the association with secondary alterations in lung or thoracic anatomy and function may limit which service members can safely participate.

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Tonsillectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Vivek Sasindran ◽  
Vijay Stephen ◽  
Lakshana Deve
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Subcutaneous Emphysema ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fatal Complications

ABSTRACT Background Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. However, it can potentially be associated with several complications. One of the very rare complications post-tonsillectomy in adults is subcutaneous emphysema, as in our case here. Although, most reported cases are resolved spontaneously, it may lead to fatal complications, like tension pneumothorax. Case report Tonsillectomy was performed on an adult patient with history of frequent tonsillitis. The patient developed facial subcutaneous emphysema 48 hours after the surgery (evident by clinical and radiological examination) that resolved within 2 days without further complications. Conclusion Tonsil should be removed along with tonsilar capsule. If tonsillectomy causes deeper than usual mucosal tear up to the level of the muscles, then air might pass into the subcutaneous tissue through the tonsillar fossa and superior constrictor muscle into fascial layers of neck. Emphysema can then spread to parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal spaces and mediastinum with its related morbidity. Though a rare complication, all otorhinolaryngologists must be aware of this complication and its management. How to cite this article Abraham SS, Stephen V, Deve L, Kurien M. Subcutaneous Emphysema Secondary to Tonsillectomy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):78-80.

scholarly journals Proven pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Nasim Khajavirad ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Alireza Izadi ◽  
Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Cavitary Lesion ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant clinical challenge in healthcare settings all over the world. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may be at increased risk of co-infection with pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to describe a clinical case of proven pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus tubingensis in a 59-year-old man with a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. Case report: The Covid-19 infection was confirmed by positive nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction. He had a cavitary lesion measured 20 mm in diameter with intracavitary soft tissue density in the left lung in the first chest computerized tomography scan. After 25 days, he showed two cavitary lesions in both lungs which raised suspicion of fungal infection; hence, the patient underwent a trans-thoracic biopsy of the cavitary lesion. The direct examination and culture of the biopsy material revealed Aspergillus species. To confirm the Aspergillus species identification, the beta-tubulin region was sequenced. The patient was treated with oral voriconazole. Conclusion: This report underlined the importance of early diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections in severe COVID-19 patients

scholarly journals Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in an HIV positive patient: case report

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo José Bellotto Monteiro ◽  
Daiane Caron ◽  
Carlos Alberto Balda ◽  
Marcello Franco ◽  
Aparecido Bernardo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Patient Case

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae serogroup O:16 in a HIV positive patient: case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina S. Lourenço ◽  
Eliane Falavina M. dos Reis ◽  
Rogério Valls ◽  
Marise Dutra Asensi ◽  
Ernesto Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Retrosternal Pain

We described a case of salmonellosis in a 33-year old HIV-infected patient. The patient presented oral and esophageal candidiasis, intense epigastric and retrosternal pain. During the physical examination he was hypochloraemic, acyanotic, hypohydrated, anicteric and afebrile. Admittance laboratorial tests indicated: red cells 3.6 millions/mm³; hemoglobin, 10.1 g/dL; leukocyte count, 3,000/mm³, with 1% of eosinophils, 14% of non-segmented and 53% of segmented neutrophils and 31% of lymphocytes. The blood culture was positive for Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae serogroup O:16. This is probably the first human report of bacteremia due to Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae in Brazil associated to HIV-infected patient.

CASE REPORT: KAPOSI SARCOMA IN AN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. e105
Author(s):  
RACHEL LAMARCK ◽  
ANDERSON MAURICIO PAIVA E COSTA ◽  
RAIRA DE BRITO SILVA ◽  
SAMEH BRGLAH ◽  
LIGIA AKIKO NINOKATA MIYAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals Hydatid Cyst of Breast: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
F Alam ◽  
RG Goel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease which occurs due to infectivity with larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is chronic and cysts can be lodged in different organs. It has cosmopolitan distribution and impact health and economical challenges for many countries throughout the world. The location of the disease is mostly in the liver and lungs. Hydatid disease of breast is extremely rare. A case report of 24 year female with the diagnosis of the hydatid breast is described in detail. The patient presented with painless lump in the upper inner quadrant of right breast of two months duration. History of trauma, pus discharge, itching, weight loss, fever or hormonal therapy were absent. The patient was diagnosed preoperatively as cysticercosis right breast by fine needle aspiration cytology based on the laboratory results conducted outside the hospital. However, histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid breast. It is the second diagnosed case in Nepal. Therefore, accurate information on the distribution of the disease is first step for the control and prevention. Only few reports are published in the literature about breast hydatid cyst.Thus, we want to emphasize the importance of keeping hydatid disease in differential diagnosis of cystic breast lesions, particularly in endemic region, where the disease could mimic fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumors, chronic abscesses.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.12(1) 2014: 41-42

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