scholarly journals How Carbon Source and Degree of Oligosaccharide Polymerization Affect Production of Cellulase-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Najjarzadeh ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cellulase Induction ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Cellulases are a group of enzymes responsible for the degradation of cellulose, which is one of the most abundant polymers on Earth. The three main groups of cellulases are endoglucosidases, exoglucosidases, and β-glucosidases; however, the mechanism of induction of these enzymes remains poorly characterized. Cellooligosaccharides are among the main inducers of these enzymes in filamentous fungi, yet it is not clear how their degree of polymerization may affect the strength of induction. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different carbohydrate-based inducers, such as lactose, sophorose, cellooligosaccharides, and xylooligosacharides, characterized by different concentrations and degree of polymerization, on cellulases production by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, which is one of the most studied lignocellulose degrading fungi with the ability to consume both cellulose and hemicellulose. Moreover, the effect of carbon source on cellulase induction was assessed by growing the biomass on sucrose or glycerol. Results showed a correlation between induction efficiency and the cellooligosaccharides’ concentration and size, as well as the carbon source available. Specifically, cellotetraose was a better inducer when sucrose was the carbon source, while cellobiose yielded a better result on glycerol. These findings can help optimize industrial cellulase production.

scholarly journals Effect of Oligosaccharide Degree of Polymerization on the Induction of Xylan-Degrading Enzymes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Nasim Najjarzadeh ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Xylan Degradation ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Complete Degradation ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Encoding Genes

Xylan is one of the most abundant carbohydrates on Earth. Complete degradation of xylan is achieved by the collaborative action of endo-β-1,4-xylanases and β-d-xylosidases and a number of accessories enzymes. In filamentous fungi, the xylanolytic system is controlled through induction and repression. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Substrates containing xylan promote the induction of xylanases, which release xylooligosaccharides. These, in turn, induce expression of xylanase-encoding genes. Here, we aimed to determine which xylan degradation products acted as inducers, and whether the size of the released oligomer correlated with its induction strength. To this end, we compared xylanase production by different inducers, such as sophorose, lactose, cellooligosaccharides, and xylooligosaccharides in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Results indicate that xylooligosaccharides are more effective than other substrates at inducing endoxylanase and β-xylosidases. Moreover, we report a correlation between the degree of xylooligosaccharide polymerization and induction efficiency of each enzyme. Specifically, xylotetraose is the best inducer of endoxylanase, xylohexaose of extracellular β-xylosidase, and xylobiose of cell-bound β-xylosidase.

scholarly journals Wild type Bacillus subtilis treated with ethyl methyl sulphonate produced catabolite insensitive mutants with improved cellulase production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethyl Methyl

Abstract The goal of this present investigation was to mutagenize Bacillus subtilis with Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS), screen the mutants for cellulase production and evaluate the influence of different glucose concentrations on their cellulase production potentials. The wild type B. subtilis was treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 µl of EMS and the mutants generated were screened for cellulase production in minimal salt medium containing carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) as the carbon source. Quantitatively, cellulase activity and protein contents were determined by dinitrosalicylic acid and Lowry methods respectively. Seven mutants were developed from each of the EMS concentration bringing the total to twenty-eight from all the concentrations. Approximately 14 and 57% of the mutants developed from 40 and 60µl of EMS had higher cellulase activities than the wild type, while none of the mutants developed from 20 and 80 µl of EMS had better activities than the wild type. The supplementation of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% glucose in enzyme production medium caused approximately 100, 14, 29 and 14% cellulase repression respectively in the mutants developed from 60µl EMS. Mutants MSSS02 and MSSS05 were considered as catabolite insensitive mutants because their cellulase production were enhanced in comparison to wild type.

Filamentous Fungi (Magnaporthe grisea and Fusarium oxysporum)

2006 ◽  
pp. 403-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Khang ◽  
Sook-Young Park ◽  
Hee-Sool Rho ◽  
Yong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Seogchan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea

Pectin degrading enzymes secreted by six isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

1993 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Fernández ◽  
Belén Patiño ◽  
Covadonga Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Cell wall degrading enzymes in fusarium wilt of chickpea: correlation between pectinase and xylanase activities and disease development in plants infected with two pathogenic races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Jorge ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Manuel Tena
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Production of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) polygalacturonase (PG), pectate lyase (PL), and xylanase was studied in chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L. ‘P-2245’) inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & K. Sato races 0 (mildly virulent, causing a yellowing syndrome) and 5 (highly virulent, causing a wilting syndrome) by the water-culture method. These CWDEs were similarly produced in both syndromes. PG and PL were the only enzymes occurring in roots and stems and attained the highest specific activity, this being generally higher for race 5 than for race 0. Gel filtration chromatography revealed a similar complement of in planta expressed pectinase isoforms, dominated by an endo-PG and two endo-PLs, the endo-PLs being differentially expressed by the two races. CWDE activities in roots and stems were positively correlated with development of yellowing and wilting. Exceptions to this were PG in stems, which was negatively correlated with the development of yellowing, and PG in roots, which showed a negative trend with development of either syndrome. The levels of CWDEs that significantly correlated with disease development were adequately described by exponential functions of disease progress. Results have implications for the role played by CWDEs in the early and later stages of pathogenesis in chickpea fusarium wilt.

Identification of NADH kinase activity in filamentous fungi and structural modelling of the novel enzyme from Fusarium oxysporum

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Panagiotou ◽  
M.A. Papadakis ◽  
E. Topakas ◽  
L. Olsson ◽  
P. Christakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Structural Modelling ◽  
Nadh Kinase

Biosynthesis of Lycomarasmin

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 3943-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. POPPLESTONE ◽  
A. M. Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Direct Route ◽  
Carbon Fragment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cultures of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. emend. Sny. et Hans. f lycopersici (Sacc.) Sny. et Hans. grown on a liquid medium with glucose as the principal carbon source produce, among other products, the phytotoxin lycomarasmin. Acid hydrolysis of lycomarasmin results in the formation of aspartic acid, glycine, and pyruvic acid. Tracer studies showed that glycine-U-I4C, L-serine-U-14C, DL-aspartic acid-4-14C, DL-alanine-1-14C, and glucose-U-14C served as relatively efficient precursors of the lycomarasmin molecule. DL-Aspartic acid-4-I4C was incorporated into the 4-carbon fragment without label scrambling. Glycine was found to be the most efficient precursor of the 2-carbon fragment while glucose afforded the most efficient and direct route for the 3-carbon fragment.

scholarly journals The Carbon Source Controls the Secretion and Yield of Polysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Basidiomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Metreveli ◽  
Tamar Khardziani ◽  
Vladimir Elisashvili
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Pycnoporus Coccineus ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

In the present study, the polysaccharide-hydrolyzing secretomes of Irpex lacteus BCC104, Pycnoporus coccineus BCC310, and Schizophyllum commune BCC632 were analyzed in submerged fermentation conditions to elucidate the effect of chemically and structurally different carbon sources on the expression of cellulases and xylanase. Among polymeric substrates, crystalline cellulose appeared to be the best carbon source providing the highest endoglucanase, total cellulase, and xylanase activities. Mandarin pomace as a growth substrate for S. commune allowed to achieve comparatively high volumetric activities of all target enzymes while wheat straw induced a significant secretion of cellulase and xylanase activities of I. lacteus and P. coccineus. A synergistic effect on the secretion of cellulases and xylanases by the tested fungi was observed when crystalline cellulose was combined with mandarin pomace. In I. lacteus the cellulase and xylanase production is inducible in the presence of cellulose-rich substrates but is suppressed in the presence of an excess of easily metabolizable carbon source. These enzymes are expressed in a coordinated manner under all conditions studied. It was shown that the substitution of glucose in the inoculum medium with Avicel provides accelerated enzyme production by I. lacteus and higher cellulase and xylanase activities of the fungus. These results add new knowledge to the physiology of basidiomycetes to improve cellulase production.

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