scholarly journals New Glomeromycotan Taxa, Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. and Epigeocarpum crypticum gen. nov. et sp. nov. From Brazil, and Silvaspora gen. nov. From New Caledonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Khadija Jobim ◽  
Piotr Niezgoda ◽  
Edward Meller ◽  
Ryszard Malinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Generic Description

Examination of fungal specimens collected in the Atlantic rain forest ecosystems of Northeast Brazil revealed many potentially new epigeous and semihypogeous glomerocarp-producing species of the phylum Glomeromycota. Among them were two fungi that formed unorganized epigeous glomerocarps with glomoid spores of almost identical morphology. The sole structure that distinguished the two fungi was the laminate layer 2 of their three-layered spore wall, which in spores of the second fungus crushed in PVLG-based mountants contracted and, consequently, transferred into a crown-like structure. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18S-ITS-28S nuc rDNA and the rpb1 gene indicated that these glomerocarps represent two strongly divergent undescribed species in the family Glomeraceae. The analyses placed the first in the genus Dominikia, and the second in a sister clade to the monospecific generic clade Kamienskia with Kamienskia bistrata. The first species was described here as Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. Because D. glomerocarpica is the first glomerocarp-forming species in Dominikia, the generic description of this genus was emended. The very large phylogenetic distance and the fundamental morphological differences between the second species and K. bistrata suggested us to introduce a new genus, here named as Epigeocarpum gen. nov., and name the new species Epigeocarpum crypticum sp. nov. In addition, our analyses also focused on an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as Rhizophagus neocaledonicus, later transferred to the genus Rhizoglomus. The analyses indicated that this species does not belong to any of these two genera but represents a new clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae, here described as Silvaspora gen. nov.

scholarly journals Sieverdingia gen. nov., S. tortuosa comb. nov., and Diversispora peloponnesiaca sp. nov. in the Diversisporaceae (Glomeromycota)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Piotr Niezgoda ◽  
Jéssica Nunes de Paiva ◽  
Kássia Jéssica Galdino da Silva ◽  
Raquel Cordeiro Theodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of 18S–ITS–28S nuc rDNA sequences indicated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as Glomus tortuosum and later transferred to the genus Corymbiglomus represents a separate, previously unrecognized clade at the rank of genus in the family Diversisporaceae (order Diversisporales, phylum Glomeromycota). The analyses located the clade between clades representing the genera Desertispora and Redeckera. Consequently, a new genus, Sieverdingia, was erected, with S. tortuosa comb. nov. The unique morphological feature of S. tortuosa is the formation of glomoid-like spores with a single-layered spore wall covered with a hyphal mantle. Importantly, the erection of Sieverdingia clarified the definition of Corymbiglomus, which currently consists of three species producing glomoid-like spores with one, three- to four-layered spore wall. The features of the innermost layer, which is hyaline, laminate, flexible to semi-flexible, indicate that it is a synapomorphy of Corymbiglomus. The definitions of Corymbiglomus and its species were emended. Moreover, the distribution of S. tortuosa and the three species of Corymbiglomus was discussed based on own studies, literature data, and molecular sequences deposited in public databases. We concluded that the distribution of S. tortuosa and C. globiferum known in environmental studies based on their partial 28S nuc rDNA sequences only may be understated because the main molecular characteristics distinguishing these species reside outside the 28S region. Finally, we described a new species in the genus Diversispora originating from Mediterranean dunes of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece. The same phylogenetic analyses mentioned above indicated that the closest relative of the new species, producing dark-coloured spores, is D. clara, whose spores are creamy white at most.

scholarly journals Parasitism of spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus dimorphicum

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Boyetchko ◽  
J.P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Scanning Electron

Spores of Glomus dimorphicum were examined for parasitism. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed perforations, approximately 0.25 to 1.0 µm in diameter, in the spore wall. The presence of papillae, a dynamic host response, suggested that the parasitism occurred while the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was still alive. No filamentous structures were detected in the spores; however, cysts of amoeba-like organisms were found in the spores and were also observed on agar plates on which surface-sterilized spores of G. dimorphicum containing such organisms were placed. It is postulated that an amoeba-like organism was the parasite, since the perforations on the spore wall were minute and no bacteria or fungi were seen inside the spores.

Dominikia duoreactiva sp. nov. and Dominikia difficilevidera sp. nov., two new species in the Glomeromycota

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Gerard Chwat ◽  
Sarah Symanczik ◽  
Anna Góralska
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Dune Plants

Two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the recently erected genus Dominikia (Glomeromycota) are described based on their morphology and phylogenetic analyses of SSU–ITS–LSU sequences. The distinctive morphological characters of the first species, Dominikia duoreactiva sp. nov., is the formation of loose clusters with yellow-coloured, 30–70 μm diameter spores having a three-layered spore wall, of which layers 1 and 3 stain in Melzer’s reagent. The second species, Dominikia difficilevidera sp. nov., is distinguished by its hyaline, 31–45 μm diameter spores, which arise mainly singly and have a three-layered spore wall, of which layer 1 is thicker than the structural laminate layer 2, and layer 3 is flexible to semi-flexible. Both species were originally associated with maritime dune plants; D. duoreactiva comes from the Giftun Island, Egypt, Africa, and D. difficilevidera from the Słowiński National Park, Poland. Based on available data, we suggest D. duoreactiva occurs rarely in the world, and D. difficilevidera has a worldwide distribution, but it either occurs infrequently or has been overlooked or lost during spore extraction from soils of many sites because of its extremely small and hyaline spores. A method allowing the extraction of even the smallest spores of AMF, but observable under a dissecting microscope, is described.

Glomus indicum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Tesfaye Wubet ◽  
Variampally Sankar Harikumar ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
François Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
North East ◽  
Rdna Sequences

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species of the genus Glomus , Glomus indicum (Glomeromycota), forming small, hyaline spores in hypogeous aggregates is described and illustrated. The spores are globose to subglobose, (17–)32(–52) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 17–38 µm × 19–43 µm. The single spore wall of G. indicum consists of two hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived, thin outer layer staining pinkish to pink in Melzer's reagent and a laminate, smooth, permanent, thicker inner layer. Glomus indicum was found in the rhizosphere of Euphorbia heterophylla  L. naturally growing in coastal sands of Alappuzha in Kerala State of South India and Lactuca sativa  L. cultivated in Asmara, Eritrea, North East Africa. In single-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata  L. as the host plant, G. indicum formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of G. indicum based on both SSU and ITS rDNA sequences showed the fungus to be a new species with its own cluster. Besides the sites where the spores were observed, sequence types belonging to the G. indicum cluster were documented from environmental samples mainly in the USA, Estonia, and Australia, suggesting the wide occurrence of the species. A key to all known species of the Glomeromycota producing hyaline to light-coloured glomoid spores is provided.

Description of a new species of the genus Anguillonema Fuchs, 1938 (Nematoda: Sphaerularioidea) with an identification key to the species

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 504-512
Author(s):  
A. Yaghoubi ◽  
E. Pourjam ◽  
M. Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

AbstractAnguillonema iranicum n. sp. is described and illustrated as the second species of this genus from Iran, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics. It is identified by a short, thin body, a continuous lip region, six lines on the lateral field, a short, thin stylet, a posteriorly located pharyngo-intestinal junction to excretory pore, the presence of a post-vulval uterine sac, vulval position at 89% (87.4–89.9%) of body length, an elongate conoid tail with a rounded to pointed tip and not dorsally bent, and common functional males with short spicules and lacking a bursa. Morphological differences between the new species and the three known species of the genus, namely A. amolensis, A. crenati and A. poligraphi, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial 18S rDNA sequence revealed that it formed a sister clade with three species of Howardula, one species of Anguillonema and one unidentified isolate. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment, the new species formed a clade with two isolates of Parasitylenchus. A key to identification of Anguillonema species is also presented.

Acaulospora papillosa, a new mycorrhizal fungus from NE Brazil, and Acaulospora rugosa from Norway

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAMILLA M.R. PEREIRA ◽  
LEONOR C. MAIA ◽  
IVÁN SÁNCHEZ-CASTRO ◽  
JAVIER PALENZUELA ◽  
DANIELLE K.A. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Light Yellow

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal species, Acaulospora papillosa, was isolated from the biological reserve ‘Saltinho’ within a coastal tropical Atlantic forest of the ‘Mata Atlântica’ biome in Pernambuco State of Northeastern Brazil. It was trapped and propagated as single species cultures on Zea mays. The spores are yellow white to light yellow to creamy, globose to subglobose, 69–100(–110) × 65–93(–101) µm. The spore surface is roughened as crowded with fine papillae, which are formed on the outermost, evanescent to semi-persistent spore wall layer. These papillae may disintegrate or completely disappear as the spores age and the layer becomes completely evanescent. Phylogenetically, the fungus clusters together with several small-spored Acaulospora species having smooth spore surfaces, such as A. delicata, A. longula, A. morrowiae and A. mellea. In the Acaulospora clade, A. papillosa is the third taxon known to have a roughened spore surface, in addition to A. dilatata and A. rugosa. The phylogenetic placement of A. rugosa is provided, together with colored illustrations of the spore morphology. The isolation of A. papillosa from such protected nature reserves as ‘Saltinho’ further supports the need to protect these areas and determine the biodiversity of beneficial microorganisms.

scholarly journals Septoglomus deserticola emended and new combinations in the emended definition of the family Diversisporaceae

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Gerard Chwat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lsu Nrdna

An updated morphology of spores of <em>Septoglomus deserticola</em>, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of the phylum Glomeromycota, is presented based on the original description of the species, only one other its definition recently published and spores produced in pot cultures inoculated with the rhizosphere soil and root fragments of an unrecognized grass colonizing maritime sand dunes of the Hicacos Peninsula, Cuba. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the large subunit (LSU) nrDNA region of the Cuban fungus confirmed its affinity with <em>S. deserticola </em>deposited in the International Bank for the Glomeromycota (BEG) and indicated that its closest relatives are <em>S. fuscum </em>and <em>S. xanthium</em>. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the small subunit (SSU) nrDNA confirmed the Cuban fungus x <em>S. fuscum </em>x <em>S. xanthium </em>relationship revealed in analyses of the LSU sequences and thereby suggested the Cuban <em>Septoglomus </em>is <em>S. deserticola</em>. However, it was impossible to prove directly the identity of the Cuban fungus and <em>S. deserticola </em>from BEG based on SSU sequences due to the lack of <em>S. deserticola </em>SSU sequences in public databases. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of LSU and SSU sequences confirmed the uniqueness of the recently erected genus <em>Corymbiglomus </em>with the type species <em>C. corymbiforme </em>(formerly <em>Glomus corymbiforme</em>) in the family Diversisporaceae and proved that its LSU sequences group in a clade with LSU sequences of <em>G. globiferum </em>and <em>G. tortuosum</em>. Consequently, the two latter species were transferred to <em>Corymbiglomus </em>and named <em>C. globiferum </em>comb. nov. and <em>C. tortuosum </em>comb. nov., and the definitions of the family Diversisporaceae and the genus <em>Diversispora </em>were emended.

Scutellospora crenulata, a new species of Glomales from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Herrera-Peraza ◽  
Gisela Cuenca ◽  
Christopher Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A newly discovered glomalean fungus, Scutellospora crenulata, is described and illustrated. This species possesses a complex spore ornamentation composed of dome-like sub-polygonal papillae partly separated by pits. The presence of a "beaded" spore wall component is reported for the first time in a member of Gigasporaceae.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigasporaceae, tropical soil, sclerophyllous shrubland.

Dominikia litorea, a new species in the Glomeromycotina, and biogeographic distribution of Dominikia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 338 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANUSZ BŁASZKOWSKI ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW RYSZKA ◽  
ANNA KOZŁOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Rpb1 Gene

An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) producing clusters with colourless, small (11‒35 µm diam when globose) spores of unique morphological characters of two spore wall layers was grown in a trap culture and in single-species cultures. Both the spore wall layers are permanent and have the same thickness. The features of the spores prompted that the fungus most probably belongs to one of the genera, Dominikia or Kamienskia. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the SSU‒ITS‒LSU nrDNA and the RPB1 gene showed that the discussed AMF is an undescribed Dominikia sp. highly diverged molecularly from the 12 so far described species of the genus. Consequently, the fungus is described here as D. litorea sp. nov. The sporulation of D. litorea in the trap culture indicated that in the field the new species lived in mycorrhizal symbiosis with Xanthium spinosum that had colonized sand dunes of the Mediterranean Sea located near Verico, Greece. However, comparisons of the SSU‒ITS‒LSU sequences of D. litorea with those obtained from molecular environmental studies, which are deposited in public databases, indicated that the new species probably is also associated with roots of an unnamed plant species growing in China. In addition, based on available literature, sequence data and personal observations, the so far known geographical distribution, habitats, and plant-hosts of the described Dominikia spp. were presented and discussed. Finally, the potential participation of Dominikia spp. in influencing plants and plant communities with which they are associated and ecosystems in which they exist were discussed.

Microkamienskia gen. nov. and Microkamienskia peruviana, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from Western Amazonia

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Anderson Corazon-Guivin ◽  
Agustin Cerna-Mendoza ◽  
Juan Carlos Guerrero-Abad ◽  
Adela Vallejos-Tapullima ◽  
Santos Carballar-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Small Spore ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Microkamienskia peruviana, was detected in bait cultures for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi established with rhizospheric soil substrates of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis). The field soil derived from three agricultural plantations in the Amazonia lowlands of the province Lamas, San Martin State, in Peru. The fungus was subsequently propagated in single species cultures on Sorghum sp., Brachiaria sp.,Medicago sativa and P. volubilis as host plants. The new species differentiates hyaline spores regularly in spore clusters, up to 500–800×400–600 μm. The spores are 16–31(–36)×13–29(–35) μm in diam, formed on cylindrical or slightly funnel-shaped hyphae, without a septum at or close to the spore base. Phylogenetically, the new fungus belongs to a new genus, named Microkamienskia, which has as type species M. perpusilla comb. nov. and to which also M. divaricata comb. nov. belongs. Both are transferred from Kamienskia to Microkamienskia in the present study. The new fungus can be identified by the ballooning semi-persistent to evanescent outer spore wall layer in PVLG-based mountants that is not known for the other species of these two genera, nor for any other glomeromycotan species of similar small spore sizes. Kamienskia and Microkamienskia species can be distinguished by their position in the phylogenetic tree and by hyaline spores, open pores at the spore bases and in the subtending hyphae, and by their spore sizes that are for Microkamienskia among the smallest spore sizes so far detected for AM fungi (15–35 μm).

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