scholarly journals Native AMF Communities in an Italian Vineyard at Two Different Phenological Stages of Vitis vinifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Cesaro ◽  
Nadia Massa ◽  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Giorgia Novello ◽  
Valeria Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Family ◽  
Amf Communities

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can establish symbiotic associations with Vitis vinifera roots, resulting in positive effects on grapevine performance, both in terms of water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and replant success. Grapevine is an important perennial crop cultivated worldwide, especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, Piedmont is one of the regions with the longest winemaking tradition. In the present study, we characterized the AMF communities of the soil associated or not with the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir cultivated in a vineyard subjected to conventional management using 454 Roche sequencing technology. Samplings were performed at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development). The AMF community was dominated by members of the family Glomeraceae, with a prevalence of the genus Glomus and the species Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis. On the contrary, the genus Archaeospora was the only one belonging to the family Archaeosporaceae. Since different AMF communities occur in the two considered soils, independently from the plant phenological stage, a probable role of V. vinifera in determining the AMF populations associated to its roots has been highlighted.

scholarly journals Simbiotisko asociāciju ietekme uz pupu Vicia faba L. produktivitāti = Influence of symbiotic associations on yield formation of beans (Vicia faba L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Yield Formation

Dubova L., 2020. Influence of symbiotic associations on yield formation of beans (Vicia faba L.) Latvia University of Life Scienes and Technologies: Jelgava. Legumes are widely grown crops, which symbiotically fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. Following the decline in legume production at the turn of the century, sown areas in Latvia have expanded rapidly in recent years. EU directives, which set requirements for the diversification of arable crops, are an important contributor to the growing popularity of legumes. The intensification of legume cultivation is linked to changes in cultivation technologies and to the amount of varieties available to growers. The beneficial effects of legumes on various environmental processes are possible with the interaction with symbiotic microorganisms. With the growth of bean-cultivation areas in compliance with the requirements of European directives, as well as with the changing cultivation technologies and agro-climatic conditions, the need to intensify research on the interaction of beans and microorganisms is becoming more and more important. In Latvia, rhizobia have been studied for a long period of time. However, the research has been carried out with varying intensity. There is little research done on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems, but the interaction between rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi has not been studied at all in Latvia yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of symbiotic associations on the bean (Vicia faba L). The following tasks have been set: to evaluate the suitability of Rhizobium leguminosarum strains of the Rhizobia collection of the LLU Institute of Soil and Plant Science for efficient symbiosis of faba beans; to clarify the influence of environmental factors on the formation and efficiency of symbiotic associations, to assess whether it is appropriate to double seed inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms in order to increase the quality of a bean crop. The research has been carried out between 2014 – 2019. The trials were set up under controlled conditions in the vegetation pots and in field conditions. Rhizobia from the LLU Institute of Soil and Plant Science collection were used, mycorrhizal fungi preparation was obtained from the Czech company Symbiom® and contains three mycorrhizal fungal species - Glomus claroideum, G. intraradices and G. mosseae. The research was done within the framework of the European Union 7th Framework Program project EUROLEGUME (Enhancing legumes growing in Europe through sustainable cropping for protein supply for food and feed). It was concluded that bacterial strains of the LLU Rhizobia Collection has different activity and ability to form symbiosis with beans. Evaluating dehydrogenase activity and nodule formation it has been found that to reduce the inhibitory effect of environmental factors, it is useful to use rhizobia associations for inoculation. The use of rhizobia together with mycorrhizal fungi stimulated mycorrhizal intensity. It was found that supplemental mineral nitrogen fertilizers did not promote colonisation of mycorrhizal fungi in bean roots, the mean mycorrhization rate was lower than with double inoculation. Mycorrhizal fungi were presented in all soil types analyzed. There was a difference in mycorrhizal rate (F %) and arbuscular incidence (A %) in small seed and coarse seed bean. Positive effects on crop yield and quality can be observed in the double-inoculation variants. However, the positive effect varied from year to year. In most cases, only a positive trend occurred. The Ph.D. Thesis consists of 105 pages (apart from references). Thesis contains 8 tables and 54 figures.

scholarly journals Family Meals, Conviviality and the Mediterranean Diet among Families with Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Andrea de la Torre-Moral ◽  
Sergi Fàbregues ◽  
Anna Bach-Faig ◽  
Albert Fornieles-Deu ◽  
F. Xavier Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meal Composition

Two aspects that characterize the Mediterranean diet (MD) are “what” and “how” we eat. Conviviality relates to “how” we eat and to the pleasure of sharing meals with significant people. The most studied concept is “family meals”, which includes conviviality, which involves “enjoying” family meals. Given the lack of research on convivial family meals in Mediterranean countries, the purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the family meal representations and practices of families with 12- to 16-year-old adolescents to assess whether they responded to a pattern of conviviality, and to examine their association with MD adherence. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and food frequency and family meal questionnaires were administered. A food pattern analysis was carried out and digital photos of meals were analyzed to examine eating habits and meal composition, respectively. The findings showed that parents believed family meals are a space for socialization and communication. Items relating to the conviviality of family meals identified in the study were meal frequency, meals at the table, lack of digital distractions, pleasant conversations, and time spent on family meals. Attention should be paid to conviviality in Mediterranean families when designing multi-approach strategies to promote healthy eating among adolescents.

scholarly journals The family of ammonium transporters (AMT) inSorghum bicolor: two AMT members are induced locally, but not systemically in roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Koegel ◽  
Nassima Ait Lahmidi ◽  
Christine Arnould ◽  
Odile Chatagnier ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in grapes with the Prussian Blue reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Matei ◽  
Simona Dobrinas ◽  
Gabriel Lucian Radu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Blue Reaction

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to adapt the Prussian Blue reaction for the determination of ascorbic acid. The procedure was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in red and white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) just previous ingathering. In the present work was used the red and white grapes from Murfatlar vineyard: Mamaia, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Muscat Ottonel and Riesling Italian. The results were situated in the range of 0.67 - 1.79 mg vitamin C/100g product for red grapes and respectively 0.50 - 1.49 mg vitamin C/100g for white grapes.

Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Arengo
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Quarantine Pest ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing ◽  
African Form ◽  
Wild Hosts

Abstract The invasive African psyllid, Trioza erytrea, transmits the causal agent of the African form of citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease, Liberibacter africanum, a very destructive disease of citrus plants. It does this under natural conditions in Africa and the Middle East, and has been shown experimentally to transmit the Asian form, Liberibacter asiaticum. The psyllid itself severely distorts leaves, which become stunted and galled. T. erytreae affects species in the family Rutaceae, occurring on wild hosts as well as on Citrus species. T. erytreae is listed as an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO (OEPP/EPPO, 1988) and is also a quarantine pest for CPPC and OIRSA. The importation of plants for planting and cut branches of citrus from countries where either citrus greening bacterium or either of its vectors occur has been prohibited (OEPP/EPPO, 1990). T. erytreae occurs in Africa and parts of the Middle East but could probably establish and spread in Mediterranean countries without difficulty. Besides its role in citrus greening, the psyllid has itself significant damage potential.

scholarly journals First Report of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Vitis vinifera and French American Hybrids in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Auger ◽  
M. Esterio ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
W. D. Gubler ◽  
A. Eskalen
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
First Report ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous. M.J. Wingfield & L. Mugnai) Crous & Gams (= Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum) was isolated during the growing seasons of 2003-2004 from roots, trunks, and cordons of grapevines, including cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Thompson seedless, Ruby seedless and root stock 3309C, and Kober 5BB, from 10 locations in V, VI, VII, and metropolitan regions of Chile. P. chlamydospora was isolated from 82% of samples from vines 2 to 18 years old that showed decline symptoms in the field. Isolates were identified on the basis of a previous description (1) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) rDNA sequences identical to those of P. chlamydospora isolated from Vitis vinifera (culture CBS 22995, GenBank Accession No. AF 197973). P. chlamydospora is established as a member of the petri and esca disease complex and as a pathogen of grapevines (2,3). Pathogenicity tests were completed by injecting into the pith of 50 single-node, rooted cuttings of Pinot noir and 3309C, approximately 20 μl of a 106 conidia per ml suspension, obtained from four isolates from Chile and one from California. Ten control cuttings of Pinot noir and 3309C were injected with an equal volume of sterile distilled water. Twenty-four weeks after inoculations, all P. chlamydospora-inoculated cuttings exhibited dark streaking of the vascular tissue extending 40 to 45 mm from the point of inoculation. The vascular streaking observed in inoculated plants was identical to symptoms observed in declining vines in the vineyard. No symptoms were observed in the controls. P. chlamydospora was isolated from the region of vascular streaking in 85% of inoculated cuttings. P. chlamydospora was not isolated from the water-treated controls. The reisolated P. chlamydospora was verified with means of morphological characters and polymerase chain reaction amplification with the species-specific primers (3). P. chlamydospora is widespread and readily isolated from declining grapevines in Chile and other grape growing regions of the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. chlamydospora from the cultivars cited above in Chile. References: (1) M. Groenewald et al. Mycol. Res. 105:651, 2001. (2) L. sparapano et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. (Suppl.)40:376, 2001. (3) S. Tegli et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:134, 2000.

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