Keterkaitan pola pangan harapan (PPH) dengan kejadian stunting pada balita

Background: Food security from the consumption pillar is reflected by the loyal ability of citizens to consume food that is sufficient in quantity and nutritional quality, safe, diverse and affordable. Consumption of adequate and nutritionally balanced food is a form that must be met to minimize nutritional problems including stunting.Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the Expected Food Pattern (PPH) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers.Methods: The type of research used is observational research, using a cross sectional design. The research sample is 90 samples. The research location is in North Kluet District, Aceh Regency. Data analysis using SPSS Software Independent Test t-test. Research data will be presented in the form of univariate and bivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that there was no difference in the Expected Food Pattern (PPH) score between stunting toddlers and the PPH score for normal toddlers, the p value = 0.553 (p > 0.553).Conclusion: In conclusion, the PPH score in stunting toddlers with normal toddlers does not show a difference on average in North Kluet District, South Aceh.

Mediterranean Diet as a Healthy, Sustainable, and Secure Food Pattern

Despite the recognized advantages of Mediterranean Diet (MD), the adherence to it decreased with modern lifestyle, where the time dedicated to acquisition, preparation/confection of food and meals diminished. At the same time, Mediterranean regions face a growth in the levels of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, sometimes together with undernutrition that affects other parts of the population. This chapter make a presentation about MD as a sustainable food system, essential to promote food security, at the same time that the methods of food production and consumption must respect the environment, maintain biodiversity, and economic society valorisation. Also, it shows MD associated with several factors such as gender, marital status, education level, lifestyle, and body weight. Maintaining the traditional MD pattern is crucial for public health, particularly in pandemic contexts such as COVID-19 where it shows the opportunity and relevance of adopt and promote MD as a healthy and sustainable diet.

Criteria for assessing food consumption patterns in the brics countries in accordance with sustainable development goals

Achieving quality nutrition, food security, ending hunger, combating climate change and other challenges facing the world. These problems can be solved by building a sustainable food pattern. The aim of the article was to assess food patterns in accordance with sustainable development goals (2,3,12): the level of energy consumption and the structure of consumption (WHO recommendations gap), sustainable pattern gap, the share of imported food, the amount of harmful emissions. From the results obtained, the BRICS countries have not yet reached the goals of sustainability in the food system and require measures to change the food pattern: development of local farming, reducing the consumption of ultra-processed products, increasing organic products, reducing poverty and unemployment in the country, reducing the consumption of products that polluted the environment, reducing food waste and losses, buying rational quantities of products for eliminated the risk of product spoilage. These changes will help move towards sustainable food consumption.

Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable–grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable–grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.

Consumption pattern and hope food pattern in Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah Regency

This study aims to analyze food consumption patterns, the hope food patterns, and the factors that influence household food consumption patterns. The research was located in Suli and Liang Villages, Central Maluku Regency. The location was determined purposively based on the 2017 Central Maluku Regency Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) results included in Priority 1 and 2 as Food Vulnerable Areas. The research sample was determined by simple random sampling using the Slovin formula with a total sample size of 87 households, 44 (Suli Village) and 43 (Liang Village). The research data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the pattern of household food consumption in the two villages was lower than the ideal weight of food consumption, namely 870 g/capita/day, respectively 783.83 (Liang Village) and 709.81 (Suli Village). The score of the hope food pattern in Liang Village is 75, and Suli Village is 76.9. Analysis of the factors that influence household food consumption patterns in the two villages with a coefficient of determination of 51.56 (Liang Village) and 59.19 (Suli Village). The results of the t-test show that the factors that influence the pattern of household food consumption in Liang Village include income (X 1), the number of family members (X 2), and the education of housewife (X 4), while the factors that influence food consumption patterns Households in Suli Village include income (X 1), age of the housewife (X 3) and education of housewife (X 4).

Changes of food consumption in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic according to socioeconomic status

The expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil has further evidenced the discrepancy between different social realities of the country, and it may have also impacted eating practices, including those of adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the eating practices of Brazilian adolescents according to socioeconomic status, during the period of social isolation. Method: In this cross-sectional study, demographic, dietary and socioeconomic data were collected from 676 adolescents from all regions of Brazil through an online questionnaire. Associations between social strata and food pattern, food frequency, and changes in food consumption were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents in the upper-middle class were more likely to consume milk (p < 0.001), vegetables (p = 0.004), fruits (p < 0.001), and sweets. In contrast, adolescents from the working-lower classes were 53% less likely to eat regular lunch (OR = 0.47, p < 0.001) and 50% more likely to replace large meals by snacks (OR = 1.50, p = 0.03). When assessing the change in food consumption in this period, adolescents from the lower-lower classes were 1.5 to 2 times more likely to increase consumption of sugary drinks (OR:1.71; p = 0.003), fried snacks (OR:1.73, p = 0.005), and ultra-processed foods (OR:1.54, p = 0.02) in comparison with the other social classes. Conclusion: These results suggest a higher risk of unhealthy food consumption among adolescents from lower social classes and can be used as a basis for policies to address the pandemic.

Dietary patterns and sarcopenia in elderly adults: the TCLSIH study

Sarcopenia is a core contributor to several health consequences, including falls, fractures, physical limitations, and disability. The pathophysiological processes of sarcopenia may be counteracted with the proper diet, delaying sarcopenia onset. Dietary pattern analysis is a whole diet approach used to investigate the relationship between diet and sarcopenia. Here we aimed to investigate this relationship in an elderly Chinese population. A cross-sectional study with 2,423 participants aged more than 60 years was performed. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, composed of low muscle mass plus low grip strength and/or low gait speed. Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire that included questions on 100 food items along with their specified serving sizes. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: sweet pattern; vegetable pattern; animal food pattern. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16.1%. The higher vegetable pattern score and animal food pattern score were related to lower prevalence of sarcopenia (Ptrend =0.006 and Ptrend <0.001, respectively); the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the prevalence of sarcopenia in the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.54 (0.34, 0.86) and 0.50 (0.33, 0.74), separately. The sweet pattern score was not significantly related to the prevalence of sarcopenia. The present study showed that vegetable pattern and animal food pattern were related to a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults. Further studies are required to clarify these findings.

The Portuguese MEDITERRANEAN DIET Wheel: development considerations

Scientific evidence has been reporting the health and environmental benefits of the Mediterranean Diet. However, countries of the Mediterranean region, Portugal included, are gradually abandoning this traditional food pattern. The aim of the present work was to develop the Portuguese Mediterranean Diet Wheel. Three main steps were followed: 1) Establishment of the most relevant Mediterranean diet and lifestyle principles to improve this pattern among the Portuguese population; 2) Converting those principles into a captivating and easy to understand tool; 3) Obtaining experts’ opinion. By a matter of consistency, the preservation and transmission of the Mediterranean heritage was represented through an upgrade of the current Portuguese food wheel guide. This complementary tool highlights the Mediterranean Diet enlarged character that encompasses a healthy lifestyle and reinforces sociocultural and environmental features. It was launched at the end of 2016 and was nationally disseminated with the support of the Portuguese Health Directorate. Initially it was presented in a poster format image that was subsequently spread in different communication formats. This newly developed Mediterranean Food Guide is a complementary educational tool that will support health and education professionals in the never ending mission of promoting healthy food choices.