Integrative Studies on a New Ciliate Campanella sinica n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Based on the Morphological and Molecular Data, With Notes on the Phylogeny and Systematics of the Family Epistylididae

During an investigation on freshwater peritrichs, a new colonial sessilid ciliate, Campanella sinica n. sp., was isolated from aquatic plants in an artificial freshwater pond in Qingdao, China. Specimen observations of this species were performed both in vivo and using silver staining. C. sinica n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of the mature colony, which is up to 2 cm high and contains more than 1,000 zooids, the asymmetric horn-shaped zooids, strongly everted and multi-layered peristomial lip, the slightly convex peristomial disc, and the well-developed haplokinety and polykinety, which make more than four circuits of the peristome before descending into the infundibulum. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), 5.8s rDNA and its flank internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8s rDNA-ITS2), and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) are sequenced and used for phylogenetic analyses which reveal that the family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933 is non-monophyletic whereas the genus Campanella is monophyletic and nests within the basal clade of the sessilids. The integrative results support the assertion that the genus Campanella represents a separate lineage from other epistylidids, suggesting a further revision of the family Epistylididae is needed. We revise Campanella including the transfer into this genus of a taxon formerly assigned to Epistylis, which we raise to species rank, i.e., Campanella ovata (Nenninger, 1948) n. grad. & n. comb. (original combination Epistylis purneri f. ovataNenninger, 1948). In addition, we provide a key to the identification of the species of Campanella.

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A Re-Examination of Generic Concepts of Baeomycetoid Lichens Based on Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear ssu and Lsu Ribosomal Dna

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1006/lich.1999.0230 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 409-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jamie L. Platt ◽

Joseph W. Spatafora

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Character State ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽

Lichen Symbiosis ◽

Data Support

AbstractThe lichen symbiosis has evolved several times within the fungal kingdom, although the total number of lichenization events leading to extant taxa is still unclear. Two lichenized families, the Icmadophilaceae and Baeomycetaceae have been classified in the Helotiales. Because the Helotiales are predominantly nonlichenized, this suggests that these families represent independent evolutionary episodes of lichenization from the Lecanorales. As a first step towards understanding the evolution of the lichen symbiosis within this order, we tested recent hypotheses concerning the segregation of lichen genera between the two lichen families. Specifically, we used phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data from nuclear small-subunit and large-subunit ribosomal DNA to test the morphology-based hypotheses that Dibaeis is a distinct genus from Baeomyces and that Dibaeis is a member of the Icmadophilaceae rather than the Baeomycetaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear SSU rDNA and combined SSU and LSU rDNA data support the hypothesis that Dibaeis is more closely related to IcmadophUa than it is to Baeomyces. Therefore, these data support the resurrection of Dibaeis from its previous synonymy with Baeomyces based on the characters of ascocarp colour and ascus morphology. The recognition of two distinct genera is also consistent with character state distribution of unique lichen acids.

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Discovery of Novel Backusella (Backusellaceae, Mucorales) Isolated from Invertebrates and Toads in Cheongyang, Korea

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Thuong T.T. Nguyen ◽

Kerstin Voigt ◽

André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago ◽

Paul M. Kirk ◽

Hyang-Burm Lee

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Family ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Three novel fungal species, Backusella chlamydospora sp. nov., B. koreana sp. nov., and B. thermophila sp. nov., as well as two new records, B. oblongielliptica and B. oblongispora, were found in Cheongyang, Korea, during an investigation of fungal species from invertebrates and toads. All species are described here using morphological characters and sequence data from internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA and large subunit of the ribosomal DNA. Backusella chlamydospora is different from other Backusella species by producing chlamydospores. Backusella koreana can be distinguished from other Backusella species by producing abundant yeast-like cells. Backusella thermophila is characterized by a variable (subglobose to oblong, applanate to oval, conical and ellipsoidal to pyriform) columellae and grows well at 37 °C. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU rDNA sequences data generated from maximum likelihood and MrBayes analyses indicate that B. chlamydospora, B. koreana, and B. thermophila form distinct lineages in the family Backusellaceae. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic tree, and taxonomic key to the Backusella species present in Korea are provided.

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Spegazzinia camelliae sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosprales), a new endophytic fungus from northern Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 483 (2) ◽

pp. 117-128

Author(s):

NAKARIN SUWANNARACH ◽

JATURONG KUMLA ◽

SAISAMORN LUMYONG

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Full Description ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Spine Length ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha

A new endophytic ascomycete, described herein as Spegazzinia camelliae, was isolated from leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica collected from Nan Province, Thailand. This species is characterized by basauxic conidiophores and dark brown to blackish brown α and β conidia. It can be distinguished from previously described Spegazzinia species by the spine length of the α conidia and the size of the β conidia. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) genes also support S. camelliae is a distinct new species within Spegazzinia. A full description, color photographs, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of S. camelliae are provided.

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Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04430-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Cao ◽

Hui-Xia Chen ◽

Yang Li ◽

Dang-Wei Zhou ◽

Shi-Long Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Tibetan Antelope ◽

A New Species

Abstract Background The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered species of mammal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites of the Tibetan antelope remains limited. Methods Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, i.e. small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes. Results Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There was no intraspecific nucleotide variation between different individuals of S. longicaudatum n. sp. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox1 sequences. However, a high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, as it formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris. Conclusions A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) is described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum n. sp. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and clarify the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema.

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Morphology, Morphogenesis, and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Freshwater Ciliate, Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.705826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Shao ◽

Qi Gao ◽

Alan Warren ◽

Jingyi Wang

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Freshwater Pond ◽

Small Subunit Ribosomal Dna

The morphology and the regulation of cortical pattern associated with the cell size, division, and phylogenetic position of a new hypotrichous ciliate, Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. collected from a freshwater pond in southern China, were investigated. Quadristicha subtropica n. sp. is characterized as follows: size in vivo 60–115 μm × 25–45 μm; 19–21 adoral membranelles; buccal cirrus near anterior end of endoral and paroral; cirrus IV/3 at about level of buccal vertex; right marginal row begins ahead of buccal vertex; 11–16 right and 12–19 left marginal cirri; and dorsal cilia about 5 μm long. The basic morphogenetic process in Q. subtropica n. sp. is consistent with that of the type species, Quadristicha setigera. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that the systematic position of Q. subtropica n. sp. is rather unstable with low support values across the tree and the genus Quadristicha is not monophyletic.

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Two new asexual genera and six new asexual species in the family Microthyriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from China

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.85.70829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Min Qiao ◽

Hua Zheng ◽

Ji-Shu Guo ◽

Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz ◽

Jian-Ping Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Taxa ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

The Family

The family Microthyriaceae is represented by relatively few mycelial cultures and DNA sequences; as a result, the taxonomy and classification of this group of organisms remain poorly understood. During the investigation of the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, several isolates were collected. These isolates were cultured and sequenced and a BLAST search of its LSU sequences against data in GenBank revealed that the closest related taxa are in the genus Microthyrium. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU), revealed that these isolates represent eight new taxa in Microthyriaceae, including two new genera, Antidactylariagen. nov. and Isthmomycesgen. nov. and six new species, Antidactylaria minifimbriatasp. nov., Isthmomyces oxysporussp. nov., I. dissimilissp. nov., I. macrosporussp. nov., Triscelophorus anisopterioideussp. nov. and T. sinensissp. nov. These new taxa are described, illustrated for their morphologies and compared with similar taxa. In addition, two new combinations are proposed in this family.

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First taxonomic description of multivalvulidan myxosporean parasites from elasmobranchs: Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. and Kudoa carcharhini n.sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulidae)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010000855 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 137 (13) ◽

pp. 1885-1898 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. J. GLEESON ◽

M. B. BENNETT ◽

R. D. ADLARD

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

New Records ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Taxonomic Description ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Potential Impact

SUMMARYMyxosporean parasites are significant parasites of fishes not only for their apparent high diversity but also for their potential impact on fish health and/or marketability. Regardless, our knowledge of most myxosporeans, especially those found in elasmobranch hosts, is superficial. A study of multivalvulidan diversity in a range of elasmobranchs from Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory (Australia) was conducted to address this knowledge gap. Specimens were collected from a total of 3 orders, 9 families and 31 species of elasmobranchs. Myxosporean infections referable to the genus Kudoa were discovered in host muscle and characterized morphologically and genetically. Both small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Kudoa spp. infected 27 of the 31 species of elasmobranchs examined, representing new records of this parasite genus in 26, of the 27, host species. Kudoids were observed in all 3 orders, and 7 out of the 9 families of elasmobranchs investigated. This paper reports the first 2 multivalvulidan species to be formally described from elasmobranchs, Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. characterized from Hemiscyllium ocellatum (and 8 other host species) and Kudoa carcharhini n. sp. characterized from Carcharhinus cautus (and 2 other host species). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that kudoids from elasmobranchs form a separate lineage to those of teleosts, but are anchored within the overall kudoid clade.

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A Novel Parasitoid of Marine Dinoflagellates, Pararosarium dinoexitiosum gen. et sp. nov. (Perkinsozoa, Alveolata), Showing Characteristic Beaded Sporocytes

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.748092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Boo Seong Jeon ◽

Myung Gil Park

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Small Subunit ◽

New Family ◽

The Family ◽

Marine Dinoflagellates ◽

Developmental Characteristics ◽

Intensive Sampling

The phylum Perkinsozoa is known as an exclusively parasitic group within alveolates and is widely distributed in various aquatic environments from marine to freshwater environments. Nonetheless, their morphology, life cycle, the identity of the host, and physiological characteristics remain still poorly understood. During intensive sampling along the west coast of Korea in October and November 2017, a new parasitoid, which shares several characteristics with the extant families Perkinsidae and Parviluciferaceae, was discovered and three strains of the new parasitoid were successfully established in cultures. Cross-infection experiments showed that among the examined planktonic groups, only dinoflagellates were susceptible to the new parasitoid, with infections observed in species belonging to eight genera. Even though the new parasitoid shared many morphological and developmental characteristics with other Perkinsozoan parasites, it differed from them by its densely packed trophocyte structure without a large vacuole or hyaline material during the growth stage. These characteristics are common among Parviluciferaceae members. Furthermore, through palintomic extracellular sporogenesis, it produced characteristic interconnected sporocytes resembling a string of beads. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit and large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that the new parasitoid was distantly related to the family Parviluciferaceae and was more closely related to the families Perkinsidae and Xcellidae. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular data on the new parasitoid raised the need to erect a new family, i.e., Pararosariidae, within the phylum Perkinsozoa with Pararosarium dinoexitiosum gen. et sp. nov. as the type species. The isolation and establishment in culture of the new parasitoid outside the family Parviluciferaceae in the present study would contribute to the better understanding of the diversity of Perkinsozoan parasites and provide useful material for comparisons to other parasite species in the further study.

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Septoglomus deserticola emended and new combinations in the emended definition of the family Diversisporaceae

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2013.011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 89-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski ◽

Gerard Chwat

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Original Description ◽

Small Subunit ◽

The Family ◽

Definition Of ◽

Lsu Nrdna

An updated morphology of spores of Septoglomus deserticola, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of the phylum Glomeromycota, is presented based on the original description of the species, only one other its definition recently published and spores produced in pot cultures inoculated with the rhizosphere soil and root fragments of an unrecognized grass colonizing maritime sand dunes of the Hicacos Peninsula, Cuba. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the large subunit (LSU) nrDNA region of the Cuban fungus confirmed its affinity with S. deserticola deposited in the International Bank for the Glomeromycota (BEG) and indicated that its closest relatives are S. fuscum and S. xanthium. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the small subunit (SSU) nrDNA confirmed the Cuban fungus x S. fuscum x S. xanthium relationship revealed in analyses of the LSU sequences and thereby suggested the Cuban Septoglomus is S. deserticola. However, it was impossible to prove directly the identity of the Cuban fungus and S. deserticola from BEG based on SSU sequences due to the lack of S. deserticola SSU sequences in public databases. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of LSU and SSU sequences confirmed the uniqueness of the recently erected genus Corymbiglomus with the type species C. corymbiforme (formerly Glomus corymbiforme) in the family Diversisporaceae and proved that its LSU sequences group in a clade with LSU sequences of G. globiferum and G. tortuosum. Consequently, the two latter species were transferred to Corymbiglomus and named C. globiferum comb. nov. and C. tortuosum comb. nov., and the definitions of the family Diversisporaceae and the genus Diversispora were emended.

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Identification of Giardia species and Giardia duodenalis assemblages by sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacers

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200999179x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 137 (6) ◽

pp. 919-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

SIMONE M. CACCIÒ ◽

RELJA BECK ◽

ANDRE ALMEIDA ◽

ANNA BAJER ◽

EDOARDO POZIO

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Animal Origin ◽

5.8S Rdna

SUMMARYPCR assays have been developed mainly to assist investigations into the epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis, the only species in the Giardia genus having zoonotic potential. However, a reliable identification of all species is of practical importance, particularly when water samples and samples from wild animals are investigated. The aim of the present work was to genotype Giardia species and G. duodenalis assemblages using as a target the region spanning the 5.8S gene and the 2 flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal gene. Primers were designed to match strongly conserved regions in the 3′ end of the small subunit and in the 5′ end of the large subunit ribosomal genes. The corresponding region (about 310 bp) was amplified from 49 isolates of both human and animal origin, representing all G. duodenalis assemblages as well as G. muris and G. microti. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that G. ardeae, G. muris, G. microti as well as the 7 G. duodenalis assemblages can be easily distinguished. Since the major subgroups within the zoonotic assemblages A and B can be identified by sequence analysis, this assay is also informative for molecular epidemiological studies.

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