scholarly journals Regulation of the Coral-Associated Bacteria and Symbiodiniaceae in Acropora valida Under Ocean Acidification

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Ge ◽  
Jiayuan Liang ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Xiaopeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Acropora Valida

Ocean acidification is one of many stressors that coral reef ecosystems are currently contending with. Thus, understanding the response of key symbiotic microbes to ocean acidification is of great significance for understanding the adaptation mechanism and development trend of coral holobionts. Here, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to investigate the coral-associated bacteria and Symbiodiniaceae of the ecologically important coral Acropora valida exposed to different pH gradients. After 30 days of acclimatization, we set four acidification gradients (pH 8.2, 7.8, 7.4, and 7.2, respectively), and each pH condition was applied for 10 days, with the whole experiment lasting for 70 days. Although the Symbiodiniaceae density decreased significantly, the coral did not appear to be bleached, and the real-time photosynthetic rate did not change significantly, indicating that A. valida has strong tolerance to acidification. Moreover, the Symbiodiniaceae community composition was hardly affected by ocean acidification, with the C1 subclade (Cladocopium goreaui) being dominant among the Symbiodiniaceae dominant types. The relative abundance of the Symbiodiniaceae background types was significantly higher at pH 7.2, indicating that ocean acidification might increase the stability of the community composition by regulating the Symbiodiniaceae rare biosphere. Furthermore, the stable symbiosis between the C1 subclade and coral host may contribute to the stability of the real-time photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, concerning the coral-associated bacteria, the stable symbiosis between Endozoicomonas and coral host is likely to help them adapt to ocean acidification. The significant increase in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria at pH 7.2 may also compensate for the photosynthesis efficiency of a coral holobiont. In summary, this study suggests that the combined response of key symbiotic microbes helps the whole coral host resist the threats of ocean acidification.

Design and Verification the Simulation System of UAS Flight Control Considering the Effects of Time Delay

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 1746-1753
Author(s):  
Sheng Yi Yang ◽  
Sheng Jing Tang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Flight Control System ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hil Simulation

It had not been explored which real-time magnitude can meet the requirement of the simulation object in computer simulation system. Taking time delay into consideration, the influence of time delay on the stability of the low-altitude and low-speed small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) flight control system had been analyzed and the real-time magnitude of the miniature hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation system was determined. Then a miniature HIL simulation system of the UAS flight control system was designed to prove the real-time magnitude feasibility. The result shows the real-time magnitude by time delay analysis can meet the requirements of flight control system.

scholarly journals Bacterial Associates of Two Caribbean Coral Species Reveal Species-Specific Distribution and Geographic Variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6438-6449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Morrow ◽  
Anthony G. Moss ◽  
Nanette E. Chadwick ◽  
Mark R. Liles
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

ABSTRACTScleractinian corals harbor microorganisms that form dynamic associations with the coral host and exhibit substantial genetic and ecological diversity. Microbial associates may provide defense against pathogens and serve as bioindicators of changing environmental conditions. Here we describe the bacterial assemblages associated with two of the most common and phylogenetically divergent reef-building corals in the Caribbean,Montastraea faveolataandPorites astreoides. Contrasting life history strategies and disease susceptibilities indicate potential differences in their microbiota and immune function that may in part drive changes in the composition of coral reef communities. The ribotype structure and diversity of coral-associated bacteria within the surface mucosal layer (SML) of healthy corals were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing. Corals were sampled at disparate Caribbean locations representing various levels of anthropogenic impact. We demonstrate here thatM. faveolataandP. astreoidesharbor distinct, host-specific bacteria but that specificity varies by species and site.P. astreoidesgenerally hosts a bacterial assemblage of low diversity that is largely dominated by one bacterial genus,Endozoicomonas, within the orderOceanospirillales. The bacterial assemblages associated withM. faveolataare significantly more diverse and exhibit higher specificity at the family level thanP. astreoidesassemblages. Both corals have more bacterial diversity and higher abundances of disease-related bacteria at sites closer to the mainland than at those furthest away. The most diverse bacterial taxa and highest relative abundance of disease-associated bacteria were seen for corals near St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) (2.5 km from shore), and the least diverse taxa and lowest relative abundance were seen for corals near our most pristine site in Belize (20 km from shore). We conclude that the two coral species studied harbor distinct bacterial assemblages within the SML, but the degree to which each species maintains specific microbial associations varies both within each site and across large spatial scales. The taxonomic scale (i.e., phylum versus genus) at which scientists examine coral-microbe associations, in addition to host-elicited factors and environmental fluctuations, must be considered carefully in future studies of the coral holobiont.

PRESSURE MONITORING OF MICRO-PIPETTING BASED ON ABSOLUTE DEGREE OF GREY COEFFICIENTS AND DOUBLE EXTREMES METHOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 1540056
Author(s):  
LIANQING ZHU ◽  
MINGLI DONG ◽  
WENCHANG ZHANG ◽  
ZHEHAI ZHOU ◽  
XIAOPING LOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
The Real ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Stability

Toward improving the real-time property and stability of the micro-pipetting process of an automatic enzyme-linked immunoassay analysis system, the fault detection of the process was studied by monitoring the pressure. A new method that combines the absolute degree of grey coefficients (ADGC) with the double extremes method (DEM) for monitoring pressure is proposed. The ADGC is used to demonstrate the variation of the pressure signal. In particular, the sectioning used is more flexible and is not constrained by the key timings of the micro-pipetting process. The data for a single point can be calculated in real time to obtain the double extremes (the extremes of the pressure and the first derivative) using the DEM. The DEM can therefore be performed without the need to reduce the sampling frequency, thereby guarantying the information integrity. By comparing the double extremes with the preset threshold, the fault types such as tip blockage, presence of air bubbles, and sample shortage can be distinguished. Moreover, a grey filtering technique based on the GM (1, 1) model is used to improve the stability of the pressure sensor output and significantly reduce the real-time computation requirements. Experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the combined pressure monitoring method, and it was confirmed that it could be used to ensure real-time integrity of the information of the pressure curve. It can thus be confidently concluded that the method can be used to improve the accuracy and stability of monitoring the pressure of micro-pipetting.

Limitations of Accelerated Stability Model Based on the Arrhenius Equation for Shelf Life Estimation of In Vitro Diagnostic Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ebrahim ◽  
Karl DeVore ◽  
Tim Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Time Stability ◽  
The Real ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Stability Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Real Time Stability

Abstract Background An accelerated stability model based on the Arrhenius Equation can be used to estimate stability of diagnostic reagents. Here we review 3 examples in which the model does not accurately predict the stability of diagnostic reagents. Methods We prepared several pilot lots of quality controls materials containing fructosamine, BNP, and HbA1c in human whole blood and serum matrices and performed accelerated stability studies at increased temperatures (5 °C to 35 °C) and real-time stability studies at the recommended storage temperature (-10 °C to -20 °C) for several analytes in quality control materials. Results We observed that the stability predictions obtained from the accelerated stability studies were longer in 2 instances and much shorter in another than those observed from the real-time stability studies. Conclusions Due to discrepancies between the stability results from accelerated stability studies and those from the real-time stability studies, we stress the need for caution when reagent manufacturers use the Arrhenius model and recommend that the technical groups and committees assigned to revise CLSI and ISO stability documents highlight the limitations of the accelerated stability model and include more guidance and direction on how and when to use the accelerated stability model.

The Design of Data Acquisition Storage and Real-Time Monitoring System Based on FPGA

2011 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
Su Hua Liu ◽  
San Min Shen ◽  
Yong Ye ◽  
Ji Jun Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Test System ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Collection System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage

In the test system, all kinds of signals need to be processed. In order to meet the need of test system,we propose a kind of method of overall design of the real-time monitoring and storage of analog signal and digital signal. And we descript that how the data is sent to PC to real-time monitor and how we read out the data of the storage, and at the same time, the effect of the real-time monitoring is mentioned. After the application of the practice, the stability and the reliability of the collection system get confirmed.

scholarly journals Resolving the four – Bar Link Mechanism by Kinamatics and Revolving Angle Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Link Mechanism ◽  
Static Power ◽  
The Stability

Four bar link mechanism now days are beneficial for various vehicles for power transmission and Mechanical stability with respect to the motion on various Terrains. The stability regarding the motion transitional is easier rather than motion related to rotational. Author trying to resolve the complexity with respect to Matlab codes helpful in the automation of various four bar link mechanism vehicles. The author indicated the source code for four bar link mechanism, as well as simulating the module based on the real time system, lines of code determines the new configurations of the mechanism for an incrementally varying position of the crank. This is based on the standard cosine formulas and other triangle properties used for analyzing four-bar linkages. . Obviously, torque and power are not the amount that has been in the kinematics and whatever kinematic amount we use to characterize the presentation of the instrument, this amount will just inexact the static power qualities of the component.

The Real-Time Neural Genesis of a Punchline

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Biederman ◽  
Ori Amir
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Real

Real-Time System for Sending Data from Three Clients to One Server with MATLAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Rivan Risdaryanto ◽  
Houtman P. Siregar ◽  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
The Real ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The real-time system is now used on many fields, such as telecommunication, military, information system, evenmedical to get information quickly, on time and accurate. Needless to say, a real-time system will always considerthe performance time. In our application, we define the time target/deadline, so that the system should execute thewhole tasks under predefined deadline. However, if the system failed to finish the tasks, it will lead to fatal failure.In other words, if the system cannot be executed on time, it will affect the subsequent tasks. In this paper, wepropose a real-time system for sending data to find effectiveness and efficiency. Sending data process will beconstructed in MATLAB and sending data process has a time target as when data will send.

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