scholarly journals Surveillance, Epidemiology and Impact of EV-A71 Vaccination on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanchang, China, 2010–2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglan He ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Zhiqiang Deng ◽  
Yanxia Zhang ◽  
Ke Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogen Spectrum

After the first national-scale outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China, a national surveillance network was established. Here we described the epidemiology and pathogenic profile of HFMD and the impact of EV-A71 vaccination on pathogen spectrum of enteroviruses in the southeastern Chinese city of Nanchang during 2010–2019. A total of 7,951 HFMD cases from sentinel hospitals were included, of which 4,800 EV-positive cases (60.4%) were identified by real-time RT-PCR. During 2010–2012, enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) was the main causative agent of HFMD, causing 63.1% of cases, followed by 19.3% cases associated with coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Since 2013, the proportion of other enteroviruses has increased dramatically, with the sub genotype D3 strain of Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) replacing the dominance of EV-A71. These genetically diverse native strains of CV-A6 have co-transmitted and co-evolved in Nanchang. Unlike EV-A71 and CV-A16, most CV-A6 infections were concentrated in autumn and winter. The incidence of EV-A71 infection negatively correlated with EV-A71 vaccination (r = −0.990, p = 0.01). And severe cases sharply declined as the promotion of EV-A71 vaccines. After 2-year implementation of EV-A71 vaccination, EV-A71 is no longer detected from the reported HFMD cases in Nanchang. In conclusion, EV-A71 vaccination changed the pattern of HFMD epidemic, and CV-A6 replaced the dominance of EV-A71 over time.

Prevalence of Coxsackievirus A6 and Enterovirus 71 in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Qian Hu ◽  
Guang-Cheng Xie ◽  
Dan-Di Li ◽  
Li-Li Pang ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Coxsackievirus A6 and enterovirus 71 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in Cuba, 2011–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magilé C. Fonseca ◽  
Luis Sarmiento ◽  
Sonia Resik ◽  
Yenisleidys Martínez ◽  
Lai Heng Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Atypical Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children from Chongqing, China: A Retrospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Hua Yang ◽  
Chao-Min Zhu ◽  
Yun-Ge Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Neurologic Involvement ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a disease that had similar manifestations to chickenpox, impetigo, and measles, which is easy to misdiagnose and subsequently causes delayed therapy and subsequent epidemic. To date, no study has been conducted to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of atypical HFMD.Methods. 64 children with atypical HFMD out of 887 HFMD children were recruited, stool was collected, and viral VP1 was detected.Results. The atypical HFMD accounted for 7.2% of total HFMD in the same period (64/887) and there were two peaks in its prevalence in nonepidemic seasons. Ten children (15.6%) had manifestations of neurologic involvement, of whom 4 (6.3%) were diagnosed with severe HFMD and 1 with critically severe HFMD, but all recovered smoothly. Onychomadesis and desquamation were found in 14 patients (21.9%) and 15 patients (23.4%), respectively. The most common pathogen was coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) which accounted for 67.2%, followed by nontypable enterovirus (26.6%), enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) (4.7%), and coxsackievirus A16 (A16) (1.5%).Conclusions. Atypical HFMD has seasonal prevalence. The manifestations of neurologic involvement in atypical HFMD are mild and usually have a good prognosis. CV-A6 is a major pathogen causing atypical HFMD, but not a major pathogen in Chongqing, China.

Profiles of Human Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Qihua Zhang ◽  
Zheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
The Future ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

ABSTRACTObjectiveHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a group of viruses. The causative viruses have changed over time, and there is a need for a more effective protective vaccine. In this study, we investigated the profiles of human enteroviruses that caused HFMD outbreaks in Nanjing in 2015, with the goal of guiding the future prevention and treatment of HFMD.MethodsSpecimens were collected from 1097 patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with HFMD. Enteroviruses in the specimens were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and epidemiological patterns were analyzed with the clinical data.ResultsAmong the 1097 clinically diagnosed HFMD cases, 916 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. The results showed that the main infectious virus was coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) (41.75%), followed by enterovirus 71 (EV71) (27.48%), coxsackievirus A16 (7.43%), coxsackievirus A10 (6.84%), and others (16.51%). Further investigation indicated that CVA6 caused mild cases of HFMD, while EV71 caused severe cases. More enterovirus positive cases were reported from rural areas than from urban areas.ConclusionsCA6 and EV71 were the chief pathogenic viruses of HFMD cases in the present study. Schools, childcare centers, and families from rural areas should be the major targets for prevention and awareness of HFMD. This study will provide information useful in the prevention and management of HFMD and the development of relevant vaccines for HFMD in the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:740–744).

Basic reproduction number of coxsackievirus type A6 and A16 and enterovirus 71: estimates from outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore, a tropical city-state

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. K. LIM ◽  
L. JIANG ◽  
S. MA ◽  
L. JAMES ◽  
L. W. ANG
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYCoxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) were the major enteroviruses causing nationwide hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in Singapore in the last decade. We estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) of these enteroviruses to obtain a better understanding of their transmission dynamics. We merged records of cases from HFMD outbreaks reported between 2007 and 2012 with laboratory results from virological surveillance. R0 was estimated based on the cumulative number of reported cases in the initial growth phase of each outbreak associated with the particular enterovirus type. A total of 33 HFMD outbreaks were selected based on the inclusion criteria specified for our study, of which five were associated with CV-A6, 13 with CV-A16, and 15 with EV-A71. The median R0 was estimated to be 5·04 [interquartile range (IQR) 3·57–5·16] for CV-A6, 2·42 (IQR 1·85–3·36) for CV-A16, and 3·50 (IQR 2·36–4·53) for EV-A71. R0 was not significantly associated with number of infected children (P = 0·86), number of exposed children (P = 0·94), and duration of the outbreak (P = 0·05). These enterovirus-specific R0 estimates will be helpful in providing insights into the potential growth of future HFMD epidemics and outbreaks for timely implementation of disease control measures, together with disease dynamics such as severity of the cases.

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