Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coxsackievirus A6- and Enterovirus 71-associated clinical stage 2 and 3 severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangxi, Southern China, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ju ◽  
Zhenlian Tan ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Minmei Chen ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

scholarly journals Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Atypical Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Children from Chongqing, China: A Retrospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhen-Hua Yang ◽  
Chao-Min Zhu ◽  
Yun-Ge Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Neurologic Involvement ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a disease that had similar manifestations to chickenpox, impetigo, and measles, which is easy to misdiagnose and subsequently causes delayed therapy and subsequent epidemic. To date, no study has been conducted to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of atypical HFMD.Methods. 64 children with atypical HFMD out of 887 HFMD children were recruited, stool was collected, and viral VP1 was detected.Results. The atypical HFMD accounted for 7.2% of total HFMD in the same period (64/887) and there were two peaks in its prevalence in nonepidemic seasons. Ten children (15.6%) had manifestations of neurologic involvement, of whom 4 (6.3%) were diagnosed with severe HFMD and 1 with critically severe HFMD, but all recovered smoothly. Onychomadesis and desquamation were found in 14 patients (21.9%) and 15 patients (23.4%), respectively. The most common pathogen was coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) which accounted for 67.2%, followed by nontypable enterovirus (26.6%), enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) (4.7%), and coxsackievirus A16 (A16) (1.5%).Conclusions. Atypical HFMD has seasonal prevalence. The manifestations of neurologic involvement in atypical HFMD are mild and usually have a good prognosis. CV-A6 is a major pathogen causing atypical HFMD, but not a major pathogen in Chongqing, China.

Prevalence of Coxsackievirus A6 and Enterovirus 71 in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Qian Hu ◽  
Guang-Cheng Xie ◽  
Dan-Di Li ◽  
Li-Li Pang ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Coxsackievirus A6 and enterovirus 71 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in Cuba, 2011–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magilé C. Fonseca ◽  
Luis Sarmiento ◽  
Sonia Resik ◽  
Yenisleidys Martínez ◽  
Lai Heng Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Surveillance, Epidemiology and Impact of EV-A71 Vaccination on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanchang, China, 2010–2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglan He ◽  
Jia Rui ◽  
Zhiqiang Deng ◽  
Yanxia Zhang ◽  
Ke Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogen Spectrum

After the first national-scale outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China, a national surveillance network was established. Here we described the epidemiology and pathogenic profile of HFMD and the impact of EV-A71 vaccination on pathogen spectrum of enteroviruses in the southeastern Chinese city of Nanchang during 2010–2019. A total of 7,951 HFMD cases from sentinel hospitals were included, of which 4,800 EV-positive cases (60.4%) were identified by real-time RT-PCR. During 2010–2012, enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) was the main causative agent of HFMD, causing 63.1% of cases, followed by 19.3% cases associated with coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Since 2013, the proportion of other enteroviruses has increased dramatically, with the sub genotype D3 strain of Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) replacing the dominance of EV-A71. These genetically diverse native strains of CV-A6 have co-transmitted and co-evolved in Nanchang. Unlike EV-A71 and CV-A16, most CV-A6 infections were concentrated in autumn and winter. The incidence of EV-A71 infection negatively correlated with EV-A71 vaccination (r = −0.990, p = 0.01). And severe cases sharply declined as the promotion of EV-A71 vaccines. After 2-year implementation of EV-A71 vaccination, EV-A71 is no longer detected from the reported HFMD cases in Nanchang. In conclusion, EV-A71 vaccination changed the pattern of HFMD epidemic, and CV-A6 replaced the dominance of EV-A71 over time.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Yunnan Province, China, 2008–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Hongchao Jiang ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Xueshan Xia ◽  
Tian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Since 2016, enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines have been approved for market entry, and little is known about how the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been affected by the introduction of the vaccines in Yunnan Province. The study describes the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD before and after the introduction of EV71 vaccination in Yunnan Province. Methods Surveillance data collected between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed to produce epidemiological distribution on cases, etiologic composition, and EV71 vaccination coverage, as well as to compare these characteristics before and after EV71 vaccination. Results A total of 1,653,533 children received EV71 vaccines from 2016 through 2019 in Yunnan. The annual EV71 vaccination coverage rate ranged from 5.53 to 15.01% among children ≤5 years old. After the introduction of EV71 vaccines, the overall incidence of HFMD increased and reached over 200 cases per 100,000 population-years in 2018 and 2019. However, the case severity and case fatality rate decreased and remained lower than 1 and 0.005% after 2016, respectively. EV71-associated mild, severe and fatal cases sharply decreased. The predominant viral serotype changed to non-EV71/non-CV-A16 enteroviruses which were detected across the whole province. Conclusions Non-EV71/non-CV-A16 enteroviruses became the predominant strain and led to a higher incidence in Yunnan. Expanding EV71 vaccination and strengthening laboratory-based surveillance could further decrease the burden of severe HFMD and detect and monitor emerging enteroviruses.

The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Hangzhou, China, 2016-2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guoliang Xie ◽  
Shufa Zheng ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is most frequently caused by several serotypes of human enterovirus (EV) including Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) or other types of EV. Children under 5 years old are the most susceptible to HFMD. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics and the relationship between severe and mild HFMD. Methods We collected 4760 probable HFMD cases with skin papular or vesicular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth or buttocks in Hangzhou from 2016 to 2018. Specimens of these cases were collected and the pathogen of EV71, CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A2 and CV-A5 was classified by RT-PCR. Then the pathogen distribution and clinical status of children with HFMD were described. Results From Jan. 1, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2018, the incidence and prevalence of HFMD were seasonal each year. Among the 4760 probable HFMD cases, 3559 cases were confirmed (74.8%, 3559/4760), including 426 cases of EV71 infections (8.9%, 426/4760, 249 cases of CV-A16 infections (5.2%, 249/4760) and 2884 cases of other enteroviruses infections (60.6%, 2884/4760). The percentage of EV positive HFMD cases with non-EV71 and non-CV-A16 was more than 80% (2884/3559), which increased year by year. The percentage of EV71 decreased year by year in the last three years especially in 2018. Among the 1297 cases randomly selected of other EV infections in 2017 and 2018, there were 835 (64.4%) cases of CV-A6 infections, 177 (13.6%) cases of CV-A10 infections, 100 (7.7%) cases of CV-A2 infections, 40 (3.1%) cases of CV-A5 infections, 3 (0.02%) cases of mixed infections and 11.0% untyped enteroviruses infections. Preschool children were still the primary population susceptible to HFMD, and the age of the children infected with other enteroviruses tended to be younger. In severe cases, EV71 infection was the main cause. Conclusions The other EV especially CV-A6 increased obviously and EV71 decreased obviously in the three years. Characterizing the epidemiology and the relationship between severe and common cases of HFMD would provide relevant evidences for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.

Profiles of Human Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Qihua Zhang ◽  
Zheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
The Future ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

ABSTRACTObjectiveHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a group of viruses. The causative viruses have changed over time, and there is a need for a more effective protective vaccine. In this study, we investigated the profiles of human enteroviruses that caused HFMD outbreaks in Nanjing in 2015, with the goal of guiding the future prevention and treatment of HFMD.MethodsSpecimens were collected from 1097 patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with HFMD. Enteroviruses in the specimens were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and epidemiological patterns were analyzed with the clinical data.ResultsAmong the 1097 clinically diagnosed HFMD cases, 916 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. The results showed that the main infectious virus was coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) (41.75%), followed by enterovirus 71 (EV71) (27.48%), coxsackievirus A16 (7.43%), coxsackievirus A10 (6.84%), and others (16.51%). Further investigation indicated that CVA6 caused mild cases of HFMD, while EV71 caused severe cases. More enterovirus positive cases were reported from rural areas than from urban areas.ConclusionsCA6 and EV71 were the chief pathogenic viruses of HFMD cases in the present study. Schools, childcare centers, and families from rural areas should be the major targets for prevention and awareness of HFMD. This study will provide information useful in the prevention and management of HFMD and the development of relevant vaccines for HFMD in the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:740–744).

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